Megaphyllum unilineatum ( C.L. Koch, 1838 )

Lazányi, Eszter, Vagalinski, Boyan & Korsós, Zoltán, 2012, The millipede genus Megaphyllum Verhoeff, 1894 in the Balkan Peninsula, with description of new species (Myriapoda: Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae), Zootaxa 3228, pp. 1-47 : 27-28

Megaphyllum unilineatum ( C.L. Koch, 1838)

Iulus unilineatus C. L. Koch, 1838: 162: 9 , Fig. 9 .

Iulus unilineatus: Latzel 1884: 302 –305, Figs 160–161.

Iulus (Chromatoiulus) unilineatus: Verhoeff 1894a: 153 ; 1894b: 24.

Megaphyllum (Chromatoiulus) unilineatus: Verhoeff 1895: 240 .

Brachyiulus (Chromatoiulus) unilineatus: Verhoeff 1897: 114 –115.

Brachyiulus unilineatus: Verhoeff 1899b: 764 ; 1928: 28; 1937: 106–108 Lang 1935: 179.

Brachyiulus unilineatus degenerans Verhoeff, 1937: 106 –108.

Julus unilineatus: Jurinich 1904: 3 –4, 38.

Chromatoiulus unilineatus: Lang 1958: 40 ; Strasser 1966a: 211; 1967: 285; 1971a: 41; 1971b: 345; 1974: 290; Christov 1983: 41; Mršić 1985: 145; Ceuca 1992: 425.

Chromatoiulus unilineatus unilineatus: Attems 1927: 225 , Figs 288–290; 1929a: 332; Strasser 1966b: 330, 358, 381.

Chromatoiulus (Chromatoiulus) unilineatus: Attems 1940: 306 , Figs 7 , 16 , 19 ; Täbäcaru 1966: 173; Strasser 1969: 159.

Chromatoiulus (Chromatoiulus) unilineatus unilineatus: Attems 1959: 305 .

Megaphyllum unilineatum: Golovatch & Kondeva 1992: 24 ; Mršić 1993: 40; Ćurčić & Makarov 1995: 67 –69; 1997: 195; Kondeva 2004: 306; Makarov et al. 2004: 261 –262; Stoev 2004c: 216; 2004b: 300; Vagalinski & Stoev 2007: 51 –52; Enghoff & Kime 2009.

Material examined. HNHM: Greece: 433, 3ƤƤ, 2007/48, Xanthi county, Kamertsi Mts., limestone gorge with a torrent 3km W of Sminthi, 310m, N41°14.728’ E24°54.273’, 0 3.04.2007, leg. LD, ZE, ZF, JK & DM; 13, 1Ƥ, 2007/43, Xanthi county, rocks and small river S of Sminthi, at the conjunction towards Eora, 200m, N41°12.495’ E24°51.752’, 0 3.04.2007, leg. LD, ZE, ZF, JK & DM; 13, 1Ƥ, 2007/50, Xanthi county, Lagos, shore of the Lake Vistonida, 7m, N41°00.888’ E25°06.839’, 0 4.04.2007, leg. LD, ZE, ZF, JK & DM; 13, 2007/41, Xanthi county, Galanis (Stathmos), rock mine above the Nestos River, 60m, N41°05.595’ E24°46.278’, 0 2.04.2007, leg. LD, ZE, ZF, JK & DM; 1Ƥ, 2007/34, Kavala county, Lekanis Mts., rock mine 4km N of Zarkadia, 230m, N41°02.109’ E24°37.941’, 0 2.04.2007, leg. LD, ZE, ZF, JK & DM; 13, 1Ƥ, 2007/29, Drama county, Dit–Rodopi Mts., Míloi Stream in secondary forest E of Sidironero, 525m, N41°21.223’ E24°16.286’, 0 1.04.2007, leg. LD, ZE, ZF, JK & DM; 1Ƥ, 2007/32, Kavala county, Lekanis Mts., rocky pasture beneath Kechrokambos, 370m, N41°09.972’ E24°38.587’, 0 2.04.2007, leg. LD, ZE, ZF, JK & DM; 1Ƥ, 2007/37, Kavala county, Nestos Delta, channel E of Nea Karia, 6m, N40°53.455’ E24°44.406’, 0 2.04.2007, leg. LD, ZE, ZF, JK & DM; Serbia: 13, 1Ƥ DL192, 2006/14, Homoljske Planine, karst plateau above Žagubica, 767m, N44°16’44.6” E21°51’23.9”, 14.10.2006, leg. LD, JK & DM; NMNH: Bulgaria: 13, Elhovo Distr., v. Lesovo, deserted mine gallery, near Lesovo Mine, 0 7.04.1944, leg. G. Seizov & B. Borisov, det. P. Stoev 30.06.2002; 23, 1Ƥ, Nomos Xanthi, Gerakas, under stones and litter of Quercus , 11.05.2006, leg. P. Beron, det. BV; many 3 3, many Ƥ Ƥ, Nevrokopi Vill., 25.09.2006, leg. S. Lazarov, det BV.

Distribution in the Balkans. Bosnia and Herzegovina: Zenica, Stolac ( Attems 1929a); Bulgaria: Stara Planina Mts.: Petrohan Pass, Stoletov Peak, near Aitos, Rhodopi Mts.: near Bratsigovo, Brestovitsa, Bachkovo Monastery, Spahievo (Siipeli), Asenovgrad, Kardzhali, Sveti Konstantin Resort near Peshtera, between Avren and Strazhets, Kardzhali Distr., Tarnovtsi near Dzhebel; Knyazhevo, Zheleznitsa, Borovets, Osogovo Mts., Belasitsa Mt., Sashtinska Sredna Gora Mts., near Panagyurishte, near Gabrovo, near Veliko Tarnovo, Lozenska Planina Mt., near Haskovo, Shumensko Plateau, Kyoshkovete, Banichan, near Varna, Beloslav, Sveti Konstantin Resort near Varna; Petrich, Plovdiv ( Vagalinski & Stoev 2007); Greece: Chalkidiki, west shore of the Volvi Lake ( Strasser 1967), East Macedonia and Thrace ( Strasser 1974); Republic of Macedonia: Bansko, Belegište, Blato, Belčište, Ohrid district, Beli, near Kočani, Galičica, near Česma, Istibanja, Katlanovo, Kosturino, Nerezi, near Skopje, Oroevec, Ramnište, Cer, Skopje, Smolari, Belasica, Treska, near Skopje, Vodno ( Makarov et al. 2004); Montenegro: Žljeb Mt., near Rožaje ( Makarov et al. 2004); Romania: Dobrugea ( Täbäcaru 1966); Serbia: Bečmen, near Belgrade, Avala Mt., Belgrade, North and East Serbia. ( Makarov et al. 2004);

World distribution. Austria ( Thaler et al. 1993), Czech Republic ( Tajovský 2001), Hungary ( Loksa 1984), Germany ( Lindner & Reip 2005) Italy ( Foddai et al. 1995), Republic of Moldova ( Daday 1889), Poland ( Stojałowska & Starega 1974), Romania ( Crişan 1999), Slovakia ( Mock 2001), Slovenia (North of the Sava (Strasser 1966a)) and Spain, Mallorca ( Enghoff & Kime 2009).

Remarks. Widespread Megaphyllum species, sometimes found in high abundance, and occasionally with typical millipede swarming (e.g. Verhoeff 1900; Schubart 1940; Ćurčiċ & Makarov 1995; Korsós 1998). It can be found in diverse habitats such as caves, urban environments, forests and grasslands. Attems (1940) regarded it as the type species of the subgenus Chromatoiulus Verhoeff, 1894a (since Verhoeff offered no type designation (1894a)).

In comparison to Strasser (1967) we can add the following observations: longitudinal line not always yellow but white; length of adult males as by Strasser (1967) (male length given as – 20–27mm, our data: 21.6–25.1mm, one exceptionally large male was 33.7mm long), but body diameter smaller (male height given as 1.8–2.3mm, our data: 1.6–2mm, one exceptionally large male was 2.5mm wide). Females were not detailed by Strasser (1967), data of the investigated females are: length 20.2–29.6mm, height 2–2.6mm. Our data (overlapping distribution, differences in body, gonopods, vulvae) support Strasser (1967), i.e. a separate species status for M. unilineatum , M. hercules and M. rhodopinum .

Figures

FIGURE 9. Megaphyllum margaritatum (Fanzago, 1875) from Greece, Ossa Mts., male, right gonopod promere, caudal view (scale bar: 0.2 mm). Abbreviation: fl: flagellum.

FIGURES 1 – 8. Megaphyllum austriacum (Latzel, 1884) male gonopod variation. (1 – 3) Brachyiulus (Chromatoiulus) dahli Verhoeff, 1901 syntype (ZMB 12720 a), Herzegovina: (1) left promere, meso-caudal view; (2) left opisthomere, mesal view; (3) right opisthomere, lateral view; (4 – 6) Brachyiulus austriacus det. Verhoeff, Croatian coastline (HNHM): (4) left promere, meso-caudal view; (5) left and (6) right opisthomeres, latero-caudal view; (7 – 8) Brachyiulus austriacus det. Verhoeff (ZMUC) (7) left promere, caudal view and (8) left opisthomere, mesal view (scale bars: 0.2 mm). Abbreviations: cp: caudal process of the opisthomere, scp: caudal process of the solenomere, fl: flagellum, s: solenomere.

FIGURES 15 – 17. Megaphyllum montivagum (Verhoeff, 1901) from Greece, Zakas, male. Left opisthomere from (15) anterolateral, (16) lateral and (17) caudo-lateral views (scale bar: 0.2 mm). Abbreviations: br: bristle line, fp: foam-like process.

FIGURES 19 – 21. Megaphyllum taygetanum (Attems, 1903). Variation of lateral caudal processes of the gonopod opisthomere: (19) left opisthomere, Greece, Paradisa, meso-caudal view (sensu Attems (Strasser 1967 )); (20) left and right opisthomeres, Greece, Garea, meso-caudal view; (21) rigth and left opisthomeres, Greece, Tetrazi Mts., latero-caudal view (sensu Strasser (1967 )) (scale bar: 0.2 mm). Abbreviation: lcp: lateral caudal process.