Euscorpiidae Laurie, 1896

Prendini, Lorenzo, Ehrenthal, Valentin L. & Loria, Stephanie F., 2021, Systematics Of The Relictual Asian Scorpion Family Pseudochactidae Gromov, 1998, With A Review Of Cavernicolous, Troglobitic, And Troglomorphic Scorpions, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (453), pp. 1-153 : 126-127

Family Euscorpiidae Laurie, 1896

Euscorpius aquilejensis (C.L. Koch, 1837) : CROATIA, ITALY, SLOVENIA. Habitat: inside cave; surface. Previous assessments: it is quite possible that some Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 , species are more or less troglophilic, opportunistic taxa, and, where an opportunity presents itself, spend part or all of their lives inside a cave or similar habitat (Tropea and Fet, 2015; Tropea and Ozimec, 2019, 2020); troglophile (Karaman, 2020). Current assessment: epigean, hypogean: accidental. Citations: Boldori (1977); Tropea and Fet (2015); Tropea and Ozimec (2019, 2020); Karaman (2020).

Euscorpius biokovensis Tropea and Ozimec, 2020 : BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA, CROATIA. Habitat: primarily inside cave but also mines and underground tunnels. Troglomorphies: pigmentation and sclerotization reduced; pedipalps, legs, and metasoma attenuate; telson vesicle enlarged. Previous assessments: troglophile (Karaman, 2020); subtroglophile (Tropea and Ozimec, 2020). Current assessment: hypogean: trogloxene (subtroglophile). Citations: Karaman (2020); Tropea and Ozimec (2020).

Euscorpius birulai Fet et al., 2014 : GREECE. Habitat: inside cave. Troglomorphies: median ocelli reduced; pigmentation and sclerotization reduced; pedipalps, legs, and metasoma attenuate; telson vesicle enlarged. Previous assessments: clearly exhibits general attenuation of appendages (pedipalps) although it does not have other typical cave adaptations (depigmentation, eye reduction) (Fet et al., 2014a); it is quite possible that some Euscorpius species are more or less troglophilic, opportunistic taxa, and, where an opportunity presents itself, spend part or all of their lives inside a cave or similar habitat (Tropea and Ozimec, 2019, 2020); troglophile (Karaman, 2020). Current assessment: hypogean: troglophile (eutroglophile) or trogloxene (subtroglophile). Citations: Fet et al. (2014a, 2018); Tropea and Ozimec (2019, 2020); Karaman (2020).

Euscorpius concinnus (C.L. Koch, 1837) : FRANCE, ITALY. Habitat: inside cave; surface. Previous assessments: non cavernicola (Di Caporriaco, 1950) ; troglossena (Bologna and Taglianti, 1985). Current assessment: epigean, hypogean: accidental. Citations: Wolf (1937); Caporiacco (1950); Boldori (1977); Bologna and Taglianti (1985). Remarks: Records from Wolf (1937), Bologna and Taglianti (1985) and Boldori (1977) were originally identified as Euscorpius carpathicus L., 1767. However, this species is no longer recognized in Italy and the records are probably referable to E. concinnus .

Euscorpius croaticus Caporiacco, 1950 : CRO- ATIA. Habitat: inside cave. Previous assessments: troglophile (Karaman, 2020); our investigation did not uncover any morphological features indi- cating that the specimens may be troglomorphic (Graham et al., 2012). Current assessment: epigean, hypogean: accidental. Citations: Graham et al. (2012); Fet et al. (2016); Karaman (2020).

Euscorpius deltshevi Fet et al., 2014 : BUL- GARIA, SERBIA. Habitat: inside cave; surface habitats. Previous assessments: trogloxène (Guéorguiev and Beron, 1962). Current assessment: epigean, hypogean: accidental. Citations: Guéorguiev and Beron (1962); Fet et al. (2014b). Remarks: Guéorguiev and Beron (1962) identified scorpions from two caves in northwestern Bulgaria as E. carpathicus and labelled this species as a trogloxene. A phylogenetic analysis of the E. carpathicus species complex using mitochondrial COI data (Fet et al., 2014b) identified E. carpathicus records from northwestern Bulgaria as a distinct species and described it as E. deltshevi .

Euscorpius feti Tropea, 2013 : BOSNIA-HER- ZEGOVINA, CROATIA,? MONTENEGRO. Habitat: inside cave; outside cave. Troglomorphies: pigmentation and sclerotization reduced; pedipalps, legs, and metasoma attenuate; telson vesicle enlarged. Previous assessments: it is quite possible that some Euscorpius species are more or less troglophilic, and, where an opportunity presents itself, spend part or all of their lives inside a cave or similar habitat (Tropea and Fet, 2015; Tropea and Ozimec, 2019); opportunistic eutroglophile/subtroglophile (Tropea and Ozimec, 2019); troglophile (Karaman, 2020). Current assessment: epigean, hypogean: trogloxene (subtroglophile). Citations: Tropea and Fet (2015); Tropea and Ozimec (2019, 2020); Karaman (2020).

Euscorpius giachinoi Tropea and Fet, 2015 : GREECE. Habitat: both inside caves and outside (typical Euscorpius habitats). Troglomorphies: median ocelli reduced; pigmentation and sclerotization reduced; pedipalps, legs, and metasoma attenuate; telson vesicle enlarged. Previous assessments: elongated features and smaller median eyes suggest beginning or partial adaptation to cave life; it is quite possible that some Euscorpius species are more or less troglophilic, and, where an opportunity presents itself, spend part or all of their lives inside a cave or similar habitat (Tropea and Fet, 2015; Tropea and Ozimec, 2019, 2020); troglophile (Karaman, 2020). Current assessment: epigean, hypogean: trogloxene (subtroglophile). Citations: Tropea and Fet (2015); Fet et al. (2018); Tropea and Ozimec (2019, 2020); Karaman (2020).

Euscorpius studentium Karaman, 2020 :?BOS- NIA-HERZEGOVINA, MONTENEGRO. Habitat: inside cave. Troglomorphies: median ocelli absent; lateral ocelli reduced; pigmentation and sclerotization absent; pedipalps, legs and metasoma attenuate; telson vesicle slightly enlarged. Previous assessments: troglobite (Karaman, 2020). Current assessment: hypogean: troglobite. Citations: Apfelbeck (1895); Karaman (2020). Remarks: Apfelbeck (1895) noted a blind cave scorpion from caves in Bosnia that may be conspecific, given the geographical proximity.

Megacormus gertschi Díaz Najera, 1966 : MEXICO. Habitat: inside cave; surface habitats. Previous assessments: possible troglophile (Sissom and Reddell, 2009). Current assessment: epigean: accidental. Citations: Sissom and Reddell (2009).