Peltonotus, Burmeister

Jameson, Mary Liz & Wada, Kaoru, 2004, Revision of the genus Peltonotus Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from Southeastern Asia, Zootaxa 502 (1), pp. 1-66 : 12-14

Genus PELTONOTUS Burmeister ( Figs. 1 –67)

Peltonotus Burmeister, 1847: 47 . Type species: Peltonotus morio Burmeister 1847: 47 (by monotypy).

Description. Scarabaeidae , Dynastinae . Form ( Figs. 1–13 ): Subovate, sides subparallel, propygidium exposed or not beyond apex of elytra, pygidium exposed, apex of elytra broadly rounded. Length from apex of clypeus to apex of pygidium 12.0–22.0 mm; width at mid­elytra 6.0–11.0 mm. Head ( Figs. 14–18 ): Frons and clypeus in lateral view nearly flat. Surface of frons and clypeus variably sculptured, setose, and/or velutinous. Clypeal apex quadrate or rectangular, corners weakly rounded, apex with bead; bead with or without weak, medial tubercle. Frontoclypeal suture weakly impressed, incomplete (about length of one eye diameter). Eye canthus flat, not projecting anteriorly. Labrum produced anteriorly beyond apex of clypeus (about half length of clypeus); apex bilobed, broadly emarginate, or deeply, narrowly emarginate. Mandibles project anteriorly beyond apex of labrum, weakly concave, external edge straight or rounded, apex angulate or rounded, inner margin with 1–2 weak teeth. Mentum ( Figs. 19–28 ) broadest at middle, length about twice width; apex acute, quadrate, or rounded, weakly notched at middle; labial palpomere 2 greatly enlarged (twice width of palpomere 3) or simple and with or without setae; labial palpomere 1 punctate or not, with or without setae. Maxilla ( Figs. 29–30 ) with 6 teeth; 3 basal teeth contiguous or not, 2 middle teeth (ventral tooth articulated), 1 apical tooth; malar region with or without lamellate setae; stipes with simple, thickened, or spatulate setae; palpus 4­segmented, second segment simple or enlarged. Antenna 10­segmented, club subequal to or slightly longer than segments 2–7. Pronotum: Form evenly rounded at margins, widest at middle, beaded; base rounded, longest at mid­base, beaded or not. Surface variably punctate, setose, and/or velutinous. Lateral margin with or without setae. Scutellum: Triangular, nearly as wide as long, base declivous at pronotum. Elytral sutural length: 3.0–5.0 times length of scutellum. Mesepimeron: Weakly exposed at base of elytron, flange­like. Scutellum: Triangular, slightly longer than wide, base declivous at pronotum. Elytra: Surface variably punctate, setose, and/or velutinous. Epipleuron of female ( Figs. 51–64 ) simple or expanded; apex of expansion (in ventral view) simple or variably incised. Propygidium: Exposed or not beyond apex of elytra. Pygidium: Shape evenly convex, surface variably sculptured, setose, and/or velutinous. Anal opening of female quadrate or weakly rounded. Venter: Prosternal keel produced to middle or apex of procoxae, shape triangular or quadrate; apex projecting anteriorly at about 80–90° with respect to ventral plane. Mesometasternal apex invaginated, not produced or keel­like. Mesocoxae nearly contiguous. Sternum setigerously punctate; setae long to moderately long, sparse or moderately dense, tawny. Sternites 1–4 subequal in length, sternite 5 about twice as long as sternite 4; all with transverse band of tawny setae at mid­sternite; setae moderately long. Last sternite with apex sinuate (male) or rounded (female). Legs ( Figs. 31–36 ): Foretibia of male tridentate, bidentate or subparallel; lateral margin with or without velutinous setae. Foretibia of female weakly divergent from base, tridentate, teeth subequally developed. Foretarsomeres 1–4 of male expanded apically, dorsal and ventral apices with or without velutinous setae, foretarsomere 5 of variable length. Foretarsomeres 1–4 of female simple, foretarsomere 5 subequal in length to foretarsomere 4; apex of foretarsomere 5 enclosed (claws not independently movable). Foreclaws of male with inner claw variably modified in shape, subequal in length to tarsomere 5; outer claw more slender than inner claw and variably curved, claws independently movable; apex of larger claw with or without apical nib, apex of smaller claw simple. Foreclaws of female subequal in size, apices simple, angled toward venter or not, 1/2 to 3/4 length of metatarsomere 5, not independently movable. Unguitractor plate of male foretarsus extending beyond apex of tarsomere; form falcate, gracile, or cylindrical; empodium bisetose; plate simple in female. Mesotibia of male with margins subparallel, with median carina, apex truncate or rounded; divergent from base in female. Meso­ and metatibial claws simple, equal, not independently movable, empodium bi­ or trisetose. Metatibia weakly divergent from base, with median carina, apex truncate or rounded with 2 spurs; spurs curved or straight, cylindrical (males) or semicylindrical (females). Metatibial claws simple, equal, not independently movable, empodium bi­ or trisetose. Metatrochanter: Apex not produced. Metacoxa: Apex subquadrate. Male Genitalia ( Figs. 37–50 ): Parameres hinged laterally, diagnostic at species level. Internal sac with spines, diagnostic at species level. Female gonocoxites: Sclerotized and diagnostic for some species.

Diagnosis. The genus Peltonotus (Dynastinae) is separated from Neohyphus and Melanhyphus (which it has been allied with) based on the apex of the labrum that projects anteriorly beyond the clypeus ( Figs. 14–18 ; retracted under the clypeus in Neohyphus and Melanhyphus ); the maxilla that possesses a movable tooth ( Figs. 29–30 ; lacking in Neohyphus and Melanhyphus ); form of the mentum ( Figs. 19–28 ); and frontoclypeal suture not raised (raised in Melanhyphus ; not raised in Neohyphus ).

Distribution ( Figs. 65 –67). Southeastern Asia including Nepal, India, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, peninsular Malaysia, Bornean Malaysia, and Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo).

Remarks. In the original description, the genus Subpeltonotus Ghai et al., 1988 , was compared with Peltonotus . Based on our analyses, Subpeltonotus is congeneric with Parastasia Westwood ( Rutelinae : Rutelini ) rather than Peltonotus (see discussion under “History of Classification”).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus of P.nasutus (male).

FIGURES 2–13. Dorsal habitus of: 2–4) P. fujiokai (males), 5) P. fujiokai (female), 6) P. malayensis (male), 7) P. malayensis (female), 8) P. morio (male), 9) P. morio (female), 10) P. nasutus (male), 11) P.nasutus (female), 12) P. vittatus (male), 13) P. vittatus (female).

FIGURE 65. Distribution of Peltonotus species in Southeast Asia and Sundaland.

FIGURES 14–18. Head (dorsal view) showing characters of the labrum, mandible, and clypeus. 14) P.karubei (apex of labrum deeply, narrowly emarginated; apex of mandible rounded laterally), 15) P. malayensis (apex of labrum broadly emarginate; apex of mandible rounded laterally), 16) P. morio (apex of labrum bilobed; apex of mandible quadrate laterally with broadly truncate apex; apex of clypeus without tubercle in male), 17) P. nasutus (apex of labrum bilobed; apex of mandible quadrate laterally with broadly truncate apex; apex of clypeus with weak tubercle in male), 18) P. vittatus (apex of labrum broadly emarginate; apex of mandible obliquely quadrate laterally).

FIGURES 19–28. Mentum, dorsal view of: 19) P. deltamentum, 20) P. gracilipodus, 21) P. kyojinus, 22) P. malayensis, 23) P. podocrassus, 24) P. nasutus, 25) P. nethis, 26) P. pruinosus, 27) P. similis, 28) P. sisyrus.

FIGURES 29–30. Maxilla (dorsal view) showing articulated maxillary tooth, mala with lamellate setal brush (black arrow), and form in: 29) P. deltamentum and 30) P. malayensis.

FIGURES 51–55. Elytral epipleuron (gray, ventral view) with position of metacoxa of: 51) P. brunnipennis, 52) P. fujiokai, 53) P. gracilipodus, P. podocrassus, P. silvanus, 54) P. kyojinus, 55) P. malayensis.

FIGURES 56–60. Elytral epipleuron (gray, ventral view) with position of metacoxa of: 56) P. morio, 57) P.nasutus, 58) P. nethis, 59) P. pruinosus, 60) P.rubripennis.

FIGURES 61–64. Elytral epipleuron (gray, ventral view) with position of metacoxa of: 61) P. similis, 62) P. sisyrus, 63) P. suehirogarus, 64a–b) P. vittatus.

FIGURES 31–36. Detail of right forelegs of: 31) P. malayensis (showing bidentate foretibia, dorsal view), 32) P.rubripennis (showing tridentate foretibia with basal tooth very weakly developed, dorsal view), 33) P. deltamentum (showing strongly arcuate smaller claw, ventral view), 34) P. nasutus (showing form of foretarsomeres 1–5), 35) P.similis (showing form of foretarsomeres 1–5 and median protuberance of foretarsomere 5 [arrow]), 36) P. adelphosimilis (showing form of foretarsomeres 1–5 and apical protuberance of foretarsomere 5 [arrow]).

FIGURES 37–39. Male genitalia in dorsal (parameres only [a]) and lateral views (parameres and phallobase [b–c]) of: 37) P. adelphosimilis, 38) P. brunnipennis, 39) P. deltomentum.

FIGURES 40–42. Male genitalia in dorsal (parameres only [a]) and lateral views (parameres and phallobase [b–c]) of: 40) P.fujiokai, 41) P. gracilipodus and P. podocrassus, 42) P.karubei.

FIGURES 43–45. Male genitalia in dorsal (parameres only [a]) and lateral views (parameres and phallobase [b–c]) of: 43) P. malayensis, 44) P.morio, 45) P. nasutus.

FIGURES 46–48. Male genitalia in dorsal (parameres only [a]) and lateral views (parameres and phallobase [b–c]) of: 46) P.rubripennis, 47) P. silvanus, 48) P. similis.

FIGURES 49–50. Male genitalia in dorsal (parameres only [a]) and lateral views (parameres and phallobase [b–c]) of: 49) P. sisyrus, 50) P. vittatus.