Monomorium geminum Sparks

Sparks, Kathryn S., Andersen, Alan N. & Austin, Andrew D., 2014, Systematics of the Monomorium rothsteini Forel species complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a problematic ant group in Australia, Zootaxa 3893 (4), pp. 489-529 : 503-505

Monomorium geminum Sparks , NEW SPECIES

( Fig. 5 a–c, 11c)

Holotype worker. Northern Territory, Surprise Creek, Litchfield NP, 1 Aug 2010, A. Andersen ANA10–22 (deposited in NTM).

Paratypes. Northern Territory, 1 workers, same data as holotype, 5 workers, same data as holotype, ANA10–23, 1 workers, same data as holotype, ANA10–24, 7 workers, same data as holotype, ANA10–26; 20 workers, Mary R. Station, Kakadu NP, 24 Jul 2008, A. Andersen, TERC 66 (deposited in NTM, QM, SAM, WAM).

Diagnosis. A large, amber orange species with a shallowly concave to sinuous clypeal anterodorsal margin, strigate frons, cuboid propodeum and very broad petiole node. This species cannot be separated from M. topend sp. nov. based on morphology, but the two species are easily separated from all other species here by a very broad petiole node in combination with a shallowly concave to sinuous clypeus.

Worker measurements (n=9). HW 0.82–0.94, HL 0.86–0.98, EL 0.16–0.2, PMH 0.33–0.39, PH 0.33–0.41, PNH 0.21–0.27, LHW 0.49–0.57, EW 0.10–0.12, PML 0.59–0.68, ML 0.99–1.13, PL 0.29–0.37, PNWdv 0.27–0.35.

Worker. Large species with a medium sized, rectangular head; posterior cephalic margin straight to shallowly concave. Anterodorsal margin of the clypeus shallowly concave or sinuous with frontolateral carinae present as raised ridges that do not extend anteriorly beyond anteroventral clypeal margin; anteroventral margin without a small median projection, margin appears straight. Frons strigate, strigae extending well above antennal lobes; coarse lateral cephalic strigae reach anterior eye margin. Eyes small, EW <0.2 x LHW, 11 ommatidia in longest vertical axis, 10 in longest horizontal axis. Antennal scapes with paired erect hairs dorsally that are approximately twice as long as those on ventral surface.

Mesonotum rugulose/strigate on lateral curvature and in metanotal groove, smooth medially; promesonotal suture present in many specimens as a faint punctate line; posterior mesonotum with faint strigulae or smooth, appears raised with a horseshoe shaped margin in many specimens or may be flat and contiguous with surrounding surface. Mesopleuron alveolate with a few strigae extending anteriorly from metanotal groove. Propodeum in lateral view with dorsolateral angles almost forming a right angle; posterior margin appears vertical, propodeum appears cuboid; laterally alveolate with strigae extending over metapleural gland bulla and curving from dorsal half of metanotal groove onto dorsal surface and in posterodorsal corner. Dorsal surface of propodeum with transverse anterior carina prominent, transverse strigae present, longitudinal carinae present, converging anteriorly, most specimens with obvious concavity between dorsolateral corners. Petiole node broad, more than 2.5x eye width when viewed from above; shape in posterior view tapering from broad midline to rounded apex; in lateral view anterior and posterior faces sub parallel, apex broadly rounded from higher anterior face to lower posterior face. Petiole node and postpetiole finely reticulate, sculpture not extending on to dorsal surface. T1 finely reticulate, sculpture covering at least anterior half of surface.

Head and mesosoma light to dark amber orange, legs orange brown, petiole and postpetiole infuscated on dorsal half, metasoma predominantly dark brown on tergites, sternites orange, some specimens with T1 infused with orange at the juncture with the postpetiole. Hairs over entire body appear dull yellow.

Distribution. This species is known from two populations in the far north of the Northern Territory (see Remarks section). Its range overlaps with M. hertogi sp. nov., M. hoffmanni sp. nov., M. kidman sp. nov., M. maryannae sp. nov. M. stagnum sp. nov and M. topend sp. nov..

Etymology. The specific name is taken from the Latin word for twin and refers to the close morphological affinities with the species M. topend sp.nov..

Remarks. This species, together with M. topend sp. nov is a commonly encountered species in the tropical savannah region of northern Australia. Specimens examined here are limited to the Northern Territory, but the distribution of both M. geminum sp. nov. and M. topend sp. nov. is likely to extend across the northern parts of Western Australia and Queensland where this habitat exists.

COI sequences. Genbank accession numbers for this species are KC572880 – KC572882 , KC572884 and KC573021 .

Additional records for M. geminum and M. topend sp. nov. ( TERC). Northern Territory. Darwin CSIRO Berrimah, -12.43 130.92, 26 Jun 1986, A.N. Andersen ; Darwin region, CSIRO Berrimah, -12.43 130.92, Jul 1988, A.N. Andersen ; Darwin region, Nakara, -12.3686 130.8763, 12 Oct 1986, A.N. Andersen ; Kakadu Nt. Park,, - 13.108 132.4116, Jun 1986, A.N. Andersen ; Kakadu Nt. Park, Kapalga site A, -13.108 132.4116, 24 Sep 1986, A.N. Andersen ; Darwin region, Petherick's Rainforest Park, -12.99 130.829, 25 Oct 1986, A.N. Andersen ; Katherine Gorge escarpment, -14.301 132.429, Nov 1993, H. Reichel ; Mary River Study, Mt Harris, -13.42 131.21, Jun 1999, M. Armstrong ; Milikapiti, Melville Is., -11.4243 130.675, 22 Dec 1997, B. Hoffmann ; Kalkaringi, CRC Loam site, -16.75 131.63, 22 Apr 1997, A. Salverani ; Howard Springs Reserve, -12.49 131.04, Jun 1996, B. Hoffmann ; Litchfield Park, -13.09 130.92, 1997, B. Hoffmann ; NT: 30km S Katherine, -14.74 132.14, 4 Apr 1996, B. Hoffmann ; Umbruwarra Gorge, -13.97 131.68, 30 Mar 1997, B. Hoffmann ; Anbangbang, Billabong, Kakadu NP, -12.86 132.81, 19 Feb 1995, B. Hoffmann ; Arnhem Hwy, Humpty Doo, -12.57 131.1, 30 Apr 1994, B. Hoffmann ; Coomallie Farm, -13.1 131.8, 24 May 1998, R. Noske ; Virginia, -13.03 131.17, 22 Sep 1993, B. Hoffmann ; WillerooStn, CRC Clay site, -14.4 132.1, 1997, A. Salverani ; Douglas Daly, PWCNT study, -13.75 131.35, Oct 1998, O. Price ; Wildman Rsv. Non-invaded, -13.1 132.39, Mar 2005, B. Ryan ; Shoal Bay, Darwin, cyclone affected, -12.39 131.04, Dec 2006, B. Hill ; Keep River NP, pitfall trap c, -15.84 129.11, 1998, S. Tidemann ; Maigowal, central Arnhem Land, -13.09 135.14, Apr 2001, G.D. Cook ; CuttaCutta cave, 30km S Katherine, -14.65 132.47, 15 Apr 2006, A. Andersen.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Workers of the M. rothsteini (Forel) species complex in lateral, head and dorsal view of the mesosoma. Fig. 5 a – c: M. geminum, paratype (Litchfield NP, NT, ANA 10 – 22), d – f: M. hertogi, holotype (Lakefield NP, QLD, TERC 2), g – i: M. hoffmani, holotype (Mt Stanford Station, NT, TERC 70), j – l: M. humilior, (Alice Springs, NT, ANA 11 – 13), m – o: M. kidman, holotype (Top Springs, NT, TERC 71). Scale bars are 0.5 mm for all views.