Cryphalus trypanoides ( Beeson, 1935 )

Johnson, Andrew J., Honsberger, David & Beaver, Roger A., 2021, New records and taxonomic notes on Cryphalus Erichson, 1836 in Hawaiʻi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Zootaxa 4999 (1), pp. 41-57 : 52

Cryphalus trypanoides ( Beeson, 1935)

( Figs. 6A–D )

Ericryphalus trypanoides Beeson, 1935: 106 .

Cryphalus trypanoides Beeson, 1935 : Wood & Bright 1992: 897; Johnson et al. 2020a: 24 (erroneously treated as original combination).

Cryphalus mollis Schedl, 1955: 288 . syn. nov.

Hypocryphalus mollis ( Schedl, 1955) : Beaver 1987: 67.

Hypocryphalus tongaensis Schedl, 1979b: 104 (syn.: Beaver 1987: 67).

Type material examined. Holotype Ericryphalus trypanoides Beeson, 1935 : FRENCH POLYNESIA • 1 ♀ Holo- type; Marquesas Islands, ‘ Ua Pou, Hakahetau valley ; ( BPBM).

Other material examined. UNITED STATES 52; Hawaiʻi, Oʻahu, Mānoa Valley ; 21.3060°N,- 157.8092°E; 15 Dec. 2020; David Honsberger leg.; ex. Artocarpus altilis ; from branches under bark; UFFE :36084 • 1 ♀; Hawaiʻi, Oʻahu, Mānoa Valley ; 21.3060°N,- 157.8092°E; 15 Dec. 2020; David Honsberger leg.; ex. Artocarpus altilis ; from branches under bark; mostly teneral, some mature; UFFE : 36079 • 1 ♂; Same collection data; UFFE :36080 • 60; Hawaiʻi, Oʻahu, Waimānalo Research Station ; 21.3379°N,- 157.7160°E; 15 Dec. 2020; David Honsberger leg.; ex. Artocarpus altilis ; from branches under bark; UFFE : 36074 • 40; Same collection data; UFFE : 36073 • 1 ♂; Same collection data; UFFE : 36072 • 1 ♀; Same collection data; UFFE : 36066 • 1 ♂; Same collection data; UFFE : 36067 • 1 ♂; Same collection data; UFFE : 36068 • 1 ♀; Same collection data; UFFE : 36069 • 1 ♂; Same collection data; UFFE :36071.

Diagnosis: Female. Length 1.4–1.8 mm. Proportions 2.00–2.05 times as long as wide. Color orange/red-brown. Frons convex, indistinct glossy cuticle in middle of frons ( Fig. 6C ). Antennal funiculus with five funicular segments, club with straight sutures. Pronotal margin with 6–8 asperities, the median pairs only slightly larger or of a similar size to the others, the outermost pair sometimes smaller. Pronotal disc approx. 1/4 of pronotal length, tuberculate surface texture, with mostly scale-like setae. Elytral disc less than half of elytral length. Interstrial bristles slightly flattened, ribbon-like, erect on disc, curved posteriorly on declivity. Striae barely discernible. Ground vestiture tridentate, scale-like. Setae on first visible abdominal ventrite mostly single (not bifid), setae on posterior margin of abdominal ventrites hair-like and not in a distinct row.

Diagnosis: Male. Similar to female except: length 1.3–1.7 mm. Proportions 1.95–2.00 times as long as wide. Frons with deeply emarginated epistomal margin, and with a transverse ridge in upper level. Pronotum with a flattened slope.

Host plants. Moraceae : Artocarpus altilis .

Distribution. Hawaiʻi: Oʻahu. Other locations: French Polynesia (Marquesas); Fiji; Tonga; Samoa; American Samoa; Niue ( Beaver & Maddison 1990).

Discussion. Previously, only a single record of this species for Hawaiʻi existed, presented by van Zwaluwen- berg (1956) as “? Ericryphalus trypanoides Beeson ”, determined by S. L. Wood, with the label data “Manoa, Oahu, Jan 7, 1948 - Jan 24, 1950, O. H. Swezey, ex. dead branches and dead bark of breadfruit”. The specimens were not located but given that we collected specimens from the same host and a nearby locality, it is presumed that the species has been established in Hawaiʻi for some time, at least since 1950.

The holotype at BPBM is a female (not a male, as suggested by Wood & Bright 1992), and is consistent with the specimens here. Male Cryphalus typically possess more diagnostic characters, but neither C. mollis , nor C. trypanoides have any males in the type series. The morphology of the males is typical of specimens determined as C. mollis from Fiji and specimens from American Samoa.

This species is widespread across the Pacific islands, now recorded from Fiji, Tonga, Niue, American Samoa, Samoa, and Hawaiʻi. It seems plausible that this species was introduced with Artocarpus .

Figures

FIGURE 6. Cryphalustrypanoides (Beeson, 1935).A:dorsal, lateral,and ventral photograph of female(UFFE:36066); B: dorsal, lateral, and ventral photograph of male (UFFE:36071); C: frons of female (UFFE:36066); D: frons of male (UFFE:36071).