Crotalaria sessiliflora Linnaeus (1763: 1004)

Ninkaew, Sakuntala, Balslev, Henrik, Pornpongrungrueng, Pimwadee & Chantaranothai, Pranom, 2017, Crotalaria L. (Fabaceae: Faboideae) in continental Southeast Asia, Phytotaxa 320 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

38. Crotalaria sessiliflora Linnaeus (1763: 1004) . Type:— CHINA. (vide Savage Catalogue and microfiche No. 895.9

CAL n.v.). ( Figure 30N ).

= Crotalaria anthylloides Lamarck (1786: 195) . Type:— INDONESIA. Java: Commerson 736 (isotype MPU n.v.).

= Crotalaria brevipes Champion ex Bentham (1852: 44) . Type:— CHINA. Hong Kong , on the borders of an old estuary at East Point in sandy soil, August 1849, Champion s.n. (n.v.).

= Crotalaria burmanica Collett & Hemsley (1890: 38) . Type:— MYANMAR. Shan Hills, 4000 feet, Collett 928 (holotype K000591097 !).

= Crotalaria venusta Wallich ex Ansari (1993: 755) . Type :— MYANMAR. Prome at Toang Dong (Prome hills), September-October 1826, Wallich 5365 (holotype K-W K001120702 , isotypes K000591098!, CAL n.v.).

Herb, erect, 40–80 cm high; young branches terete, brown pubescent. Leaves simple. Stipules narrowly linear, 2–5 mm long, brown pubescent, caducous. Petioles 1–3 mm long, brown pubescent. Lamina lanceolate, linear, oblong or elliptic, 2–7.5 × 0.2–1.5 cm, base cuneate, apex acute, margin entire, brown puberulous upper, brown pubescent lower; lateral veins inconspicuous. Inflorescences terminal, somewhat congested, open racemes, 2.5–13 cm long; peduncle 0.8–3.5 cm long, brown pubescent. Bracts lanceolate, 5–10 × 0.8–1 mm, persistent. Pedicels 2–3 mm long, brown pubescent. Bracteoles inserted distally on the pedicel, narrowly linear, 4–6 mm long, persistent. Calyx 1–1.2 cm long, campanulate, bilabiate; tube 3–4 mm long; lobes triangular, 7–8 mm long, glabrous inside, brown pubescent outside. Corolla purple. Standard: claw 2–2.2 mm long, white tomentose above and along the margin, glabrous below; blade broadly ovate, 9–9.5 × 9–10 mm, base rounded, apex emarginate, brown puberulous, margin glabrous. Wings: claw 1.5–2 mm long, glabrous; blade obovate, 8.5–9 × 4–4.3 mm, base oblique, apex rounded, margin glabrous. Keel: claw 1.5–2 mm long, glabrous; blade ovate, 9–10 × 5–6 mm, beak spirally twisted, base cuneate with white pubescence, apex attenuate, margin white tomentose. Stamens: filaments fused for proximal 3–4 mm, free for distal 2–5 mm; anthers either narrowly linear, 2.2–2.5 mm long or oblong, 0.5–0.8 mm long. Ovary sessile, oblong, 3–4 mm long, glabrous; style 8–10 mm long, adaxially white pubescent in a single line along the entire edge, abaxially glabrous. Pods sessile, oblong, 1–1.2 × 0.3–0.4 cm, brown, glabrous. Seeds harp-shaped, 1.3–1.5 × 1.5–1.7 mm, brown.

Representative specimens: — CAMBODIA: Battambang: 26 October 1927, Poilane 14435 ( P) . Stung Treng: 7 November 1927, Poilane 14031 ( P) . LAOS. Savannakhet: Ban Nakapong , 15 November 1998, Munzinger 112 ( P) . Vientiane: 11 November 1965, Vidal 4415 ( BKF, P) . MALAYSIA. Trengganu : 10 November 1954, Sallah S.F.H. 40424 ( SING) . MYANMAR. Chin State: Natma Taung National Park , 20 November 2011, Shein 88294 ( QBG) . Magway: Saw Town Area , 27 November 2011, Man 87949 ( QBG) . THAILAND. Buriram: 26 November 1976, Phengklai et al. 3454 ( BKF) . Chiang Mai: Hod , 22 December 1978, Niyomdham & Suangtho 92 ( AAU, BKF) . Chaiyaphum: Phu Khieo , 29 November 1986, Thaitong 211 ( BCU) . Kanchanaburi: Thong Pha Phum , 6 November 1979, Shimizu et al. T-21914 ( BKF) . Lampang: Doi Khun Tan National Park , 20 October 1985, Thaithong 154 ( BCU) . Loei: Phu Kradueng , 7 November 1970, Charoenphol et al. 4617 ( AAU, BKF) . Mae Hong Son: Pai , 13 December 1998, Konta & Khao-Iam 4472 ( BKF) . Nakhon Ratchasima: Pak Thong Chai , 1 November 1969, Beusekom & Charoenphol 1980 ( AAU, BKF) . Nan: Chiang Klang , 18 November 1993, Larsen et al. 44521 ( AAU, BKF) . Phayao: Doi Luang National Park , 9 February 2016, Muangyen 643 ( QBG) . Phetchabun: Nam Nao National Park , 24 November 2013, Ninkaew 265 ( KKU) . Phitsanulok: Thung Salang Luang , 22 October 1989, Thaithong et al. s.n. ( QBG) . Sa Kaeo: Watthana Nakhon , 17 November 1964, Bakol 144 ( BK) . Sakon Nakhon: Phu Phan National Park, Tham Seri Thai , 12 November 2013, Ninkaew 291 ( KKU) . Sukhothai: Ramkhamhaeng National Park , 8 December 1987, Paisooksantivatana & Sangkhachand y2197-87 ( BK) . Tak: Umphang , 6 November 1998, Puudjaa 504 ( BKF) . Uthai Thani: Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary , 22 January 2002, Bult 518 ( BKF) . Uttaradit: Phu Miang-Phu Thong Wildlife Sanctuary , 13 September 2011, Romklao Botanical Garden 311/2554 ( QBG) . VIETNAM. Cao Bang: September , Anon. 9 ( P) . Gia Lai: Chu Prong , 22 October 1978, Loc & Ba P 2338 ( HNU) . Lam Dong: Da Lat, Daninh , 28 November 1911, Lecomte & Finet 428 ( P) . Lang Son: Huu Lung , Minh Son, 17 June 1962, Dao 3127 ( HNU) . Ninh Binh: Tam Diep , 25 November 1913, Chevalier 24127 ( P) . Quang Ninh: Cam Pha , 13 August 1965, Chung s.n. ( HNU) .

Distribution: —Asia ( India, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Korea, Japan), Australia, Hawaii. ( Figure 23 ).

Ecology: —Open places in deciduous dipterocarp forests, elevation 13–1500 m.

Notes: — Crotalaria sessiliflora is most similar in habit and leaf morphology to C. calycina , but differs by its lanceolate bracts, purple collora and sessile ovary and pods. The flowering and fruiting material provides additional taxonomic characters. Crotalaria venusta was synonymized under C. sessiliflora by Baker (1876), but Ansari (1993) reinstated to species again, which is not followed here.

Figures

FIGURE 23. Distribution map of Crotalaria semperflorens and C. sessiliflora in continental Southeast Asia.

FIGURE 30. Crotalaria in continental Southeast Asia: A & B) C. alata; C) C. albida; D) C. assamica; E) C. bracteata; F) C. chinensis; G) C. goreensis; H & I) C. incana; J & K) C. juncea; L) C. medicaginea; M) C. pallida N) C. sessiliflora and O) C. verrucosa.