Anaulaciulus tonginus ( Karsch, 1881 )

Mikhaljova, Elena V., Golovatch, Sergei I. & Chang, Hsueh-Wen, 2011, The millipede genus Anaulaciulus Pocock, 1895 in Taiwan, with descriptions of four new species (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae), Zootaxa 3114, pp. 1-21 : 12-18

Anaulaciulus tonginus ( Karsch, 1881)

Figs 46–62

Iulus tonginus Karsch, 1881: 20 ( Hong Kong).

Fusiulus trilobus khuuae Wang, 1963: 92 : fig. 3; Korsós 1994: 181.

Anaulaciulus tonginus — Enghoff 1986: 124; Korsós 1994: 177 –183, 179: figs 1–4, 180: figs 5–8; 1996: 39, 41–42; 2004: 15.

Material examined. 1 male ( NMNS, 6702 – 0 12, D–0010), 1 male ( IBSS), Taiwan, Nantou County, Huisun timberland, 13 August 1997; 1 male ( NMNS, 6702 – 0 13, D–0073), 2 males ( IBSS), same locality, 15 August 1997; 1 male ( NMNS, 6702 – 0 14, D–0391), same locality, October 1997; 1 male ( NMNS, 6702 – 0 15, D–0069), same locality, 25 October 1997; 1 male, 1 female ( ZMUM), 1 female ( NMNS, 6702 – 0 16, D–0290), 1 female ( IBSS), same locality, 27 December 1997; 2 males, 1 female ( IBSS, D – 0627), same locality, 21 January 1998; 2 males, 2 females ( NMNS, 6702 – 0 17, D–0631), 1 male, 1 female (NSYSUB), same locality, 28 February 1998; 2 males ( NMNS, 6702 – 0 18, D–0634), same locality, 1 March 1998; 1 male, 1 female ( NMNS, 6702 – 0 19, D–0029), same locality, 7 April 1998; 1 female ( NMNS, 6702 – 0 20, D–0617), same locality, 24 April 1998; 3 males ( NMNS, 6702 – 0 21, D– 0 245, D–0254, D–0325), same locality, 25 April 1999, all leg. S.H. Wu; 1 male (NSYSUB), Taiwan, Kaohsiung County, Liouguei, Shanping Workstation, 750 m a.s.l., May 2004, leg. M.J. Hung; 5 males, 3 females (NSYSUB), 1 male, 1 female ( ZMUM), 1 male, 1 female ( HNHM), Taiwan, Miaoli City, Guishan, 6 January 2006, leg. M.H. Shu; 1 female (NSYSUB), Taiwan, Yilan County, Datong Township, logging road No. 100, 1600 m a.s.l., 19k, 9 September 2009, leg. J. Ding; 1 female, 1 juvenile (NSYSUB), Taiwan, Pingtung County, Kenting National Park, 5 October 2009, leg. E.V. Mikhaljova, S.I. Golovatch et al.; 2 females (NSYSUB), Taiwan, Pingtung County, Chunri Township, Mt Dahan, 22°24'25" N, 120°45'21" E, ca. 1500 m a.s.l., 15 December 2009, leg. M.H. Hsu.

Redescription. Male. Length 17–22 mm, vertical diameter 1.0– 1.9 mm, with 45(–2), 46(–2), 47(–2), 47(–3), 48(–2), 48(–3), 49(–2), 50(–1), 50(–2), 51(–1), 51(–2) segments, excluding telson. Coloration brown or light Map. Distribution of Anaulaciulus species in Taiwan. Borderlines show borders between the counties. Filled circle: A. immensus sp. nov.; open triangle: A. oligosegmentatus sp. nov.; open circle: A. multiarticulatus sp. nov.; filled triangle: A. setulifer sp. nov.; open square: A. tonginus ( Karsch, 1881) ; open diamond: A. trilobus ( Wang, 1963) ; filled diamond: A. trapezoidus ( Wang, 1955) .

Eye patches subquadrate, composed of 47–49 small ocelli. Front margin of collum can cover posterolateral corner of eye patch. Labral setae 8+8 or 9+9. Antennae in situ extending behind to segment 5. Length ratios of antennomeres 2–7 as 4.4:4.4:4.0:4.4:3.0:1, width ratios as 1.1:1.1:1.25:1.6:1.4:1, respectively. Antennomeres 5 and 6 each with an incomplete distodorsal corolla of a few sensory bacilli ( Fig. 46 ).

Body slightly compressed laterally. Stricture dividing pro- and metazona deep, slightly sinuate caudally level to ozopores. Ozopores very small, lying behind stricture, touching it in anterior body part, set off in posterior body part. Metazona with striations reaching hind margin; 22–23 striae on metazonital surface between dorsal midline and ozopore, or 11–12 striae per square lying between ozopore and axial line. Striations on dorsum as in A. oligosegmentatus sp. nov. Caudal parts of prozona finely striolate longitudinally and slightly obliquely, growing increasingly distinct ventrad. Caudal projection of epiproct coniform, covered with sparse, relatively long setae and carrying a small claw-shaped process curved dorsally ( Fig. 47 ).

Legs slender and relatively short. Claw at base with a long and strong filament ventrally. Only claws of legs 2 with a ventrobasal stump, this apparently meaning a long filament broken off (at least so in all four males studied in this respect) ( Fig. 48 ). Anterior legs with a broad and very delicately serrate pad on tibia and postfemur, these pads gradually reduced caudad to disappear near middle of body. Legs 1 with strong setae ventrolaterally and a ventral papillate knob on telopoditomere 2 ( Fig. 49 ). Penes bifurcate ( Fig. 50 ).

Gonopods. Promere ( Fig. 51 ) subtriangular, about half the length of opisthomere; flagella of medium length; rudimentary telopodites in caudolateral corner well-visible. Mesal margin of promere curved rectangularly caudad, so that, when viewed from mesal side, a flat surface of the curved margin becomes visible (this can give the false impression of the promere being thickened). In addition, it is noteworthy that the mesal margin of the promere is curved more strongly than in other three new congeners described above. Apex of promere with a small medial outgrowth. Opisthomere ( Figs 52, 53 , 57–60 ) long and straight, with a deep mesal furrow along its axis. Apex of opisthomere curved forward and beset with minute setules and papillae ( Figs 54, 55 ). Front face of intermediate lamella (il) beset with minute structures as well: setules at il margin and papillar cushions over remaining parts ( Fig. 56 ). Apex of il with minute lunules and a small, beak-shaped outgrowth. Front face of opisthomere with a large and flattened process (ap) curved mesad ( Fig. 57 ). Process а can be suggested to represent the free distal part of an anterolateral lamella, in which the basal two-thirds have become fused to the remaining portion of the opisthomere. Base of opisthomere with a flap (fp) to guide promere’s flagellum.

Female. Length 21–24 mm, vertical diameter 1.8–2.0 mm, with 45(–3), 47(–2), 48(–2), 49(–2), 50(–2), 51(–2), 52(–2) segments, excluding telson. One of the females from Nantou County (female D–0617) pallid. Ocelli within 50 in number. Claws as in male. Only legs 1 with claws devoid of a long filament at base, just like in male legs 2 showing a short stump instead. Vulvae as in Fig. 61 . In some females, tip of vulvae covered with brown material. A similar observation has already been made by Korsós (1994) who, when redescribing the species, suggested this material be left by the male to cork and close the bursal opening upon mating. Operculum longer than bursa, with two rows of setae on anterior face (3–4 setae in each row). Apical margin of operculum with three prominences, of which middle one either well-developed ( Fig. 62 ) or not ( Fig. 61 ). Both lateral and mesal outgrowths at operculum’s apex rounded and very low. Bursa setose, with four setae on lateral sclerite, five setae on mesal sclerite, and at least six setae on each side of median plate of posterior sclerite. Caudally, bursa with a smooth central concavity.

Remarks. Originally described very succinctly (without illustrations) from Hong Kong ( Karsch 1881), this species has been redescribed by Korsós (1994), based on fresh topotype material previously so identified by Enghoff (1986), based on a side-by-side comparison with the female holotype. In Taiwan, A. tonginus has hitherto been recorded as a result of its synonymization with Fusiulus trilobus khuuae Wang, 1963 , yet without a comparative study of relevant material ( Korsós 1994). A. tonginus in Taiwan actually appears to be among the most widespread and common congeners.

The above detailed redescription is deemed to be helpful in properly assessing the pronounced variation range of the species.

Figures

FIGURES 46 – 51. Anaulaciulus tonginus (Karsch, 1881), male. 46, distal part of antenna; 47, posterior portion of body; 48, leg 2; 49, leg pair 1; 50, penes; 51, promeres, caudal view.

FIGURES 52 – 56. Anaulaciulus tonginus (Karsch, 1881), male. 52, opisthomere, mesal view; 53, opisthomere, lateral view; 54, apex of opisthomere, mesal view; 55, apex of opisthomere, lateral view; 56, fragment of front face of intermediate lamella.

FIGURES 57 – 62. Anaulaciulus tonginus (Karsch, 1881), male (57 – 60) and females (61 – 62). 57, opisthomere, front view; 58, opisthomere, lateral view; 59, opisthomere, mesal view; 60, opisthomere, caudal view; 61, vulva from sample D – 0631, caudal view; 62, distal part of vulva from sample D – 0627, caudal view; il, intermediate lamella of opisthomere; ap, anterior process of opisthomere; fp, basal flap of opisthomere. Scale in mm.