Harmothoe, Kinberg, 1856

Barnich, Ruth & Fiege, Dieter, 2009, Revision of the genus Harmothoe Kinberg, 1856 (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) in the Northeast Atlantic, Zootaxa 2104 (1), pp. 1-76 : 7-9

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.2104.1.1
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A61979-C225-FFD1-FF18-FB49FA3813B9
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Harmothoe
status

Treatment

Key to the Northeast Atlantic species of Harmothoe View in CoL , Acanthicolepis and Leucia

This identification key is supplemented by Figs. 1–5 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 which illustrate the main diagnostic characters of the species: (1) presence/absence of eyes, and if present the position of the anterior pair of eyes; (2) elytral characters, i.e. shape and distribution of micro- and macrotubercles and papillae; (3) length and shape of the neuropodial supra-acicular process; (4) chaetal characters (Note: for further diagnostic characters please refer to the respective species description).

1. Without eyes ............................................................................................................................................................... 2

- With eyes (eye pigment might be faded, but silhouette still visible) .......................................................................... 3

2. Elytra without macrotubercles; microtubercles elongate conical ................................. Harmothoe anoculata View in CoL ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 )

- Elytra with drop-shaped or cylindrical macrotubercles near posterior margin; microtubercles conical or spine-shaped or cylindrical with bi- or multifid tip ............................................................. Harmothoe ingolfiana View in CoL ( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 ; 24B,C View FIGURE 24 )

3. Anterior pair of eyes anteroventral beneath cephalic peaks ....................................................................................... 4

- Anterior pair of eyes dorsolateral at widest part of prostomium ................................................................................ 7

4. Elytral surface with polygonal fields; tubercles conical in anterior part, becoming flattened thorn-shaped towards posterior margin, large and small thorns alternating............................................. Harmothoe areolata View in CoL ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ; 9B,C View FIGURE 9 )

- Elytral surface without polygonal fields....................................................................................................................... 5

5. Elytral margin without papillae (except for very short ones on anteriormost elytra), surface covered by scattered, low, conical microtubercles ................................................................................ Harmothoe spinifera View in CoL ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ; 31B,C View FIGURE 31 )

- Elytral margin distinctly papillate ............................................................................................................................... 6

6. Elytral margin with long fringing papillae; surface covered by cylindrical microtubercles with bifid to crown-like multifid tip and few scattered papillae; anterior elytra with or without conical to club-shaped macrotubercles near posterior margin .................................................................................................. Harmothoe antilopes View in CoL ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ; 8B, C View FIGURE 8 )

- Elytral margin with short fringing papillae; surface covered by conical microtubercles and few scattered papillae, with or without row of conical to drop-like macrotubercles near posterior margin ...................................................... ............................................................................................................. Harmothoe imbricata View in CoL ( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 ; 21B,C View FIGURE 21 ; 22A,B View FIGURE 22 )

7. Elytra with macro- and microtubercles ....................................................................................................................... 8

- Elytra without macrotubercles, only with microtubercles ........................................................................................ 21

8. Elytral margin without papillae (occasionally few, scattered in anteriormost elytra present) .................................... 9

- Elytral margin with distinct papillae ......................................................................................................................... 10

9. Anterior half of elytra with numerous conical microtubercles; posterior half with rather indistinct, scattered, soft conical to mamilliform macrotubercles (16 pairs of elytra!) ................................................. Leucia violacea View in CoL ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 )

- Elytral surface covered by conical microtubercles; conical macrotubercles scattered on surface and near posterior margin ...................................................................................................... Harmothoe fraserthomsoni View in CoL ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ; 18B,C View FIGURE 18 )

10. Macrotubercles spiny or pointed ............................................................................................................................... 11

- Macrotubercles rounded distally, blunt ..................................................................................................................... 14

11. Macrotubercles spiny distally, in a row near posterior margin, microtubercles globose, bifid to branched multifid, larger towards posterior margin (16 pairs of elytra!) ................................................................. Leucia nivea View in CoL ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 )

- Macrotubercles and microtubercles otherwise ......................................................................................................... 12

12. Macrotubercles as strong spines near posterior margin; microtubercles covering surface, with simple, bifid, or multifid tip, becoming gradually larger towards posterior margin (18 pairs of elytra!) Acanthicolepis asperrima View in CoL ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 )

- Macrotubercles otherwise ......................................................................................................................................... 13

13. Macrotubercles large triangular or pyramid-shaped in a row near posterior margin .................................................... ............................................................................................................................... Harmothoe aspera View in CoL ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ; 10B,C View FIGURE 10 )

- Macrotubercles slender thorn-shaped in a row near posterior margin .................. Harmothoe serrata View in CoL ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ; 30B,C View FIGURE 30 )

14. Elytral tubercles often grouped on mounds, others isolated, giving elytron reticulate appearance (visible on clean elytra!) .................................................................................................................. Harmothoe impar View in CoL ( Figs. 3 View FIGURE 3 ; 23B,C View FIGURE 23 )

- Elytral tubercles all isolated ...................................................................................................................................... 15

15. Macrotubercles large club-shaped and distally papillate in a row near posterior margin ............................................. .......................................................................................................................... Harmothoe clavigera View in CoL ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 ; 13B–D View FIGURE 13 )

- Macrotubercles otherwise ......................................................................................................................................... 16

16. Macrotubercles prominent, stick-shaped in a row near posterior margin and some scattered more centrally .............. .......................................................................................................................... Harmothoe rarispina View in CoL ( Figs. 3 View FIGURE 3 ; 29B,C View FIGURE 29 )

- Macrotubercles otherwise ......................................................................................................................................... 17

17. Macrotubercles rounded, drop-shaped and often darkly pigmented in a row near posterior margin ............................ ......................................................................................................................... Harmothoe extenuata View in CoL ( Figs. 3 View FIGURE 3 ; 15B,C View FIGURE 15 )

- Macrotubercles otherwise ......................................................................................................................................... 18

18. Macrotubercles rounded, soft and flattened in a row near posterior margin, giving margin a scallop-shaped appearence ............................................................................................................. Harmothoe fragilis View in CoL ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 ; 17B,C View FIGURE 17 )

- Macrotubercles otherwise ......................................................................................................................................... 19

19. Macrotubercles conical, blunt, in a dense row near posterior margin; macrotubercles rather small, but still distinctly larger than largest microtubercles .................................................................... Harmothoe vesiculosa View in CoL ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 ; 32B,C View FIGURE 32 )

- Macrotubercles conical to globose scattered near posterior margin ......................................................................... 20

20. Elytral margin with short scattered papillae; neurochaetae fragile, smooth or with reduced rows of spines, tips unidentate or minutely bidentate ...................................................................... Harmothoe abyssicola View in CoL ( Figs. 3 View FIGURE 3 ; 6B,C View FIGURE 6 )

- Elytra with long papillae at outer lateral margin, becoming shorter towards posterior margin; neurochaetae stout with distinct rows of spines and bi- and unidentate tips ..................... Harmothoe mariannae View in CoL n. sp. ( Figs. 3 View FIGURE 3 ; 26B,C View FIGURE 26 )

21. Microtubercles flattened, irregular, consisting of an elevated broad rim surrounding a depressed central area ........... ............................................................................................................................... Harmothoe pokoui View in CoL ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 ; 28B,C View FIGURE 28 )

- Microtubercles otherwise .......................................................................................................................................... 22

22. Microtubercles thorn-shaped .................................................................................................................................... 23

- Microtubercles rounded to conical ........................................................................................................................... 24

23. Elytral margin with long papillae; tip of neurochaetae falcate (hooked) ............. Harmothoe bellani View in CoL ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 ; 11B,C View FIGURE 11 )

- Elytral margin with scattered, short papillae; tip of neurochaetae rather straight ... Harmothoe evei View in CoL ( Figs. 4 View FIGURE 4 ; 14B,C View FIGURE 14 )

24. Elytral margin without papillae; microtubercles in a patch near anterior margin .................................................... 25

- Elytral margin distinctly papillate; microtubercles arranged otherwise ........................................................................ 26

25. Noto- and neurochaetae with faint rows of spines; tip of neurochaetae distinctly falcate (hooked). Neuropodial supra-acicular process thick, stout ........................................................... Harmothoe benthaliana View in CoL ( Figs. 4 View FIGURE 4 ; 12B,C,E View FIGURE 12 )

- Noto- and neurochaetae with distinct rows of spines; tip of neurochaetae straight or only slightly falcate. Neuropodial supra-acicular process slender, digitiform ................................................ Harmothoe longisetis View in CoL ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 ; 25B–D View FIGURE 25 )

26. Elytral margin and adjacent surface densely papillate .............................................................................................. 27

- Elytral margin and surface otherwise ....................................................................................................................... 28

27. Microtubercles conical, covering surface, getting larger towards posterior margin. Neurochaetae very slender and, except for some uppermost neurochaetae, with reduced rows of spines ....................................................................... ........................................................................................................... Harmothoe fernandi View in CoL n. sp. ( Figs. 5 View FIGURE 5 ; 16B,C,F–I View FIGURE 16 )

- Microtubercles conical, in a patch near anterior margin. Neurochaetae stout, with distinct rows of spines ................. ........................................................................................................................ Harmothoe oculinarum View in CoL ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 ; 27B,C View FIGURE 27 )

28. Microtubercles large, conspicuous at low magnification ......................................................................................... 29

- Microtubercles small, less distinct ............................................................................................................................ 30

29. Microtubercles conical in anterior part, becoming gradually larger and club-shaped towards posterior margin; papillae more or less evenly distributed at outer lateral and posterior margin .......... Harmothoe gilchristi View in CoL ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 ; 19B,C View FIGURE 19 )

- Microtubercles relatively large, rounded to conical with blunt tip; papillae numerous at outer lateral margin, scattered at posterior margin .................................................................................. Harmothoe aequespina View in CoL ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 ; 7B,C View FIGURE 7 )

30. Microtubercles mainly present in anterior half of elytron, posterior half covered by papillae and some scattered microtubercles. Neuropodia with remarkably long, digitiform supra-acicular process ................................................. ............................................................................................................................. Harmothoe glabra View in CoL ( Figs. 5 View FIGURE 5 ; 20B–D View FIGURE 20 )

- Microtubercles covering surface evenly. Neuropodia with short, digitiform supra-acicular process ........................... ............................................................................................................................. Harmothoe viridis View in CoL ( Figs. 5 View FIGURE 5 ; 33B–D View FIGURE 33 )