Caryanda viridis ( Zheng & Mao, 1996 ) Zheng & Mao, 1996

Mao, Ben-Yong, Niu, Yao, Zheng, Zhe-Min & Scott, Matthew B., 2015, Review of the genus Qinshuiacris (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from China with proposal of Caryanda viridis - species group and description of a new species, Zootaxa 3981 (4), pp. 565-576 : 567-569

Caryanda viridis ( Zheng & Mao, 1996) comb. nov.

( Figs 1–7 , 19–21 , 28 )

Qinshuiacris viridis Zheng & Mao, 1996: 11 –16; Li, Xia et al. 2006: 266 –267; Mao, Ren & Ou, 2011: 96.

Material examined. Holotype: male (the external lower genicular lobe of hind femur spinous on left or acutely angular on right), CHINA: Yunlong County, Yunnan Province, 26 Jul. 1995, coll. Xiaofang He, deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Province, China ( IZSNU).

Additional material examined. Topotypes: 22 males, 40 females, CHINA: Minjian, Yunlong County, Yunnan Province, 25°42'N, 98°58'E, 2108 m, 20 Sep. 2010, coll. Xueliang Shi and Jiapin Zhao, deposited in the Biological Science Museum, Dali University ( BMDU), Yunnan Province, China, except 3 males and 3 females in IZSNU.

Redescription. Body small-sized.

Head. Head shorter than pronotum. Fastigium broad, width in front of eyes larger than length. Face sloping; frontal ridge laterally straight with distinct longitudinal sulcus, lateral margins nearly parallel except somewhat extended around median ocellus and contracted near transverse facial sulcus. Lateral facial keels thick and straight. Antennae filiform, just reaching coxa of hind leg in male or posterior margin of pronotum in female, median segments about 2.14–2.92 (2.55, mean, n=5, male) or 1.32–2.27(1.86, mean, n=5, female) times longer than wide. Eyes oval, longitudinal diameter about 1.43–1.54 (1.48, mean, n=5, male) or 1.54–1.61 (1.56, mean, n=5, female) times as long as horizontal diameter, and about 1.90–2.35 (2.08, mean, n=5, male) or 1.78–1.92 (1.85, mean, n=5, female) times as long as subocular furrow.

Thorax. Pronotum nearly cylindrical, surface foveolate, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin moderately (in male) or slightly (in female) concave; median carina indistinct, lateral carinae absent; three transverse sulci distinct; prozona 2.33–2.70 (2.50, mean, n=5, male) or 2.33–3.00 (2.54, mean, n=5, female) times as long as metazona; lateral lobe with posterior margin distinctly concave, posteroventral corner nearly rectangular ( Fig. 1 ). Prosternal spine conical, apex acute. Mesosternal interspace about 1.69–2.20 (2.00, mean, n=5, male) or 1.11–1.67 (1.37, mean, n=5, female) times longer than minimum width; metasternal lobes almost contiguous (in male) or separated (in female). Tegmina narrow scale-like, length 3.10–3.70 (3.35, mean, n=5, male) or 3.00–3.33 (3.12, mean, n=5, female) times larger than maximum width, apex reaching at or just surpassing beyond posterior margin of 1st abdominal tergite. Hind femora with upper carina smooth and terminating in an acute angle; lower genicular lobes spined, rarely acute angular. Hind tibiae with apical half nearly cylindrical, with 7–8 external and 9–10 internal spines on dorsal side; external apical spine small. Tympanum opened distinctly, oval.

Abdomen. Male genitalia. Tenth abdominal tergite widely divided in middle but contiguous at very base, furculae very small on posterior margin, sometimes absent ( Fig. 2 ). Supra-anal plate wide shield-shaped, width at base larger than length; basal half with broad median longitudinal sulcus, lateral areas concaved; lateral margins weakly risen throughout and faintly contracted in middle; posterior margin broadly triangular, apex obtuse ( Fig. 2 ). Cerci surpassing apex of supra-anal plate, laterally compressed, broad basically, decurved in apical two fifths and concaved on outer side near apex, apex rounded and contorted outward, inner side indistinctly blunt-toothed ( Fig. 3 ). Subgenital plate short conical, apex round. Epiphallus with outer lophi semicircular, dorsad projecting in a more 90° angle from bridge in lateral view, apical-inner angle almost rectangular; inner lophi small, triangular; ancorae triangular, apex blunt; anterior projections with posterior sides dorsad bulging in lateral view; bridge divided in middle ( Figs 4–5 ). Phallic complex with cingular valves divided apically, slender; apical valves of penis laterally lamellate.

Female genitalia. Supra-anal plate divided by a strong transverse fold near the middle ( Fig. 6 ); basal area with a median furrow, angularly separated from lateral areas. Cerci conical. Subgenital plate with posterior margin nearly straight at both sides, having a large triangular projection in the middle ( Fig. 7 ). Ventral basivalvular sclerite with inner margins hardly contiguous with each other ( Fig. 7 ). Ovipositor valves evenly serrated along margins; ventral valves slender, inner margin distinctly curved and only contiguous each other in the middle ( Fig. 7 ).

Coloration ( Figs 19–21 ). Green. Vertex and occiput with a triangular yellow-margined black (male) or green (female) macula. Frons and genae greenish, gena with a small black stroke below eyes; postocular bands black, continued on dorsal area of lateral lobes of pronotum, tegmina and abdominal tergite. Antennae with basal segments light coloured, others brown. Pronotum with disc green; lateral lobes yellow except ventral areas and inferior margins black. Tegmina black. Fore and middle legs yellowish green. Hind femora with outer side greenish, inner and lower sides yellowish green; knee black; hind tibia with base black, others blue. Mesothorax and metathorax respectively with two yellow spots on episterna and epimera. Abdomen with terga green and sterna yellow brown. Cerci black. Male supra-anal plate with apical half black.

Measurements (mm). Length of body: male 18.5–21.2, female 21.7–23.8; length of pronotum: male 3.6–4.0, female 4.3–5.0; length of tegmen: male 3.1–4.2, female 3.3–4.0; length of hind femur: male 10.3–11.0, female 11.6–13.0.

Distribution ( Fig. 28 ). China: Yunnan (Yunlong).

Remarks. Since the type of Qingshuiacris viridis has variation in the shape of the external lower genicular lobes, the epiphallus is morphologically extremely similar to that of Caryanda dehongensis Mao, Xu & Yang, 2003 and all of the additional specimens from the type locality have spinous external lower genicular lobes on hind femora, it seems that Q. viridis fits the definition of Caryanda perfectly. Therefore, we transfer herein Qinshuiacris viridis Zheng & Mao, 1996 to the genus Caryanda . Sixty-two topotypes are designated for C. viridis ( Zheng & Mao, 1996) comb. nov. and its female is discovered and described here for the first time.

Figures

FIGURE 28. Localities of the Caryanda viridis - species group species.

FIGURES 1 – 7. Caryanda viridis comb. nov.. 1. Male pronotum in lateral view; 2. Male terminalia in dorsal view; 3. Male cercus in lateral view; 4 – 5. Epiphallus in dorsal and lateral views; 6 – 7. Subgenital plate and ovipositor, in lateral and ventral views. an = ancora; ap = anterior projection; ilo = inner lophus; olo = outer lophus. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 19 – 27. Habitus in lateral view. 19 – 21. Caryanda viridis comb. nov.: 19. Holotype male; 20 – 21. Topotype male and topotype female. 22 – 23. C. eshana Mao sp. nov., holotype male and paratype female. 24 – 25. C. dehongensis Mao, Xu & Yang, 2003, holotype male and paratype female. 26 – 27. C. yini Mao & Ren, 2006 syn. nov. (= C. dehongensis Mao, Xu & Yang, 2003), holotype male and paratype female. Scale bars = 5 mm.