Nemestrinidae

Pujol-Luz, José Roberto & Lamas, Carlos José Einicker, 2023, Alone in paradise: a new genus and species of Hirmoneurini tangle-veined flies (Diptera, Nemestrinidae) in South America, Zootaxa 5311 (1), pp. 123-134 : 132-133

Key to American subfamilies, tribes, and genera of Nemestrinidae

1 Proboscis length reaching or exceeding posterior end of thorax................................................. 2

- Proboscis vestigial, or reduced, or reaching fore coxae........................................................ 4

2 Eyes bare; genital fork formed by solid plate divided into four branches (Falleniinae) ( Fig. 28 )........ Neorhynchocephalus

- Eyes densely pilose; genital fork formed by two or single H-shaped plate (Nemestrininae) ( Figs. 31–33 )................ 3

3 Genital fork formed by single H-shaped plate, complete ( Fig. 31 ) or incomplete ( Fig. 32 ); hypandrium reaching distal end of gonocoxites.............................................................................. Trichophthalma

- Genital fork formed by two superposed plates, with inner plate H-shaped ( Fig. 33 ); hypandrium reaching base of gonocoxites................................................................................... T. (Eurygastromyia)

4 Posterior to R1, five veins reach apical margin of wing ( Fig. 5 ); ocelli present, hypandrium reduced ( Hirmoneurinae )...... 5

- Posterior to R1, three (or four) veins reach apical margin of wing; ocelli absent, hypandrium developed (Atriadopinae)................................................................................................. Atriadops

5 Eyes bare to densely pilose; frons projected forward and covered by dense pilosity ( Hirmoneurini )..................... 6

- Eyes densely pilose; frons flat and covered by pollinosity or with a few sparse hairs (Hyrmophlaebini)................. 7

6 Face narrow, parallel-sided; antennae with three short segments; proboscis reduced, not exceeding length of head; genital fork formed by single, large H-shaped plate........................................ Hirmoneura (incl. Neohirmoneura )

- Face wide, trapezoidal-sided ( Fig. 6 ); antennae with first segment 2x longer than second and third segments combined ( Figs. 6–8 ); length of proboscis reaching fore coxae; genital fork cylindrical, U-inverted shaped ( Figs. 24 , 35 ), with bridge and arms of approximately same thickness, with corrugated ends ( Figs. 25 , 34, 36 ).......................... Bernardia gen. nov.

7 Genital fork formed by inverted U-shaped plate, incomplete (absent bridge) ( Fig. 29 )................... Hirmoneuropsis

- Genital fork formed by single inverted U-shaped plate, complete (bridge and arms), ( Fig. 30 ).............. Hyrmophlaeba

Figures

FIGURES 28–36. Genital fork. 28. Neorhynchocephalus Lichtwardt. 29. Hirmoneuropsis Bequaert. 30. Hyrmophlaeba Rondani. 31, 32. Trichophthalma Westwood. 33. Trichophthalma (Eurygastromyia). 34–36. Bernardia gen. nov. (arrows: tips of arms of genital fork). (Figures 28–36, redrawn from Angulo 1987).

FIGURES 4, 5. Bernardia xenomorpha gen. et sp. nov. 4. Paratype habitus (male, dorsal view). 5. Right wing (dorsal view).

FIGURES 6–8. Male head of Bernardia xenomorpha gen. et sp. nov. 6. Dorsal view. 7. Lateral view. 8 Ventral view. (a = antenna; lab = labium; lbr = labrum; mx = maxilla; hyphar = hypopharynx; oc = ocellus; plp = palpus).

FIGURES 23–27. Female terminalia of Bernardia xenomorpha gen. et sp. nov. 23. Lateral view. 24. Genital fork. 25. Tip of arm of genital fork. 26. Spermathecae: ducts with capsules. 27. Spermathecal capsule. (cap dct = capsular duct; cerc = cercus; gen fk = genital fork; st8 = eight sternite; st9 = ninth sternite; spcap gl = supracapsular gland, spmth cap = spermathecal capsule).