Sturnira tildae, de la Torre, 1959

Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Phyllostomidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 444-583 : 547

132.

Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat

Sturnira tildae

French: Sturnire des foréts / German: Tilda-Gelbschulterfledermaus / Spanish: Sturniro de Tilda

Taxonomy. Sturnira tildae de la Torre, 1959 ,

“ Arima Valley, Trinidad,” Trinidad and Tobago.

This species is monotypic.

Distribution. Amazonian lowlands and E Andean slopes of Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and N Bolivia, also on E Brazil and Trinidad I.

Descriptive notes. Head—body 66-70 mm (tailless), ear 19-21 mm, hindfoot 15-17 mm, forearm 43-55 mm; weight 23-30 g. Females tend to be larger than males. Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is similar in size to the Little Yellow-shouldered Bat ( S. Lilium ) and the Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat ( S. ludovici ). Dorsal fur is dark ocherous brown, contrasting paler ventral fur. Dorsal hairs are long (5 mm) and silky and have a white narrow basal band continued with dark grayish brown band, and pale buffy band, ending with darker tips, ocherous in males and reddish in females. Shoulders have yellowish spots from glandular secretions (epaulettes). Uropatagium is rudimentary and has a hair fringe;tail is absent; posterior edge of alar membraneis articulated to ankle or tibia, never to the leg; and calcaneusis rudimentary or absent. I' are broad and weakly bilobed, and lingual cusps of M| and M,are well defined by shallow vertical indentations that make it different from the other species of Sturnira . Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FN = 56. X-chromosome is subtelocentric, and Y-chromosome is submetacentric.

Habitat. Low humid primary forests associated with water (like those in eastern Colombia or eastern Peru) and secondary forests in Bolivia. In French Guiana, Tilda’s Yellowshouldered Bat was captured with otherfruit eating bats (e.g. Seba’s Short-tailed Bats, Carollia perspicillata ; Dwarf Little Fruit Bats, Rhinophylla pumilio ; and Dark Fruit-eating Bats, Artibeus obscurus ) in well-drained primary forests, swampy primary forests, and margins of man-made clearings.

Food and Feeding. Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is frugivorous, feeding and dispersing seeds of Solanaceae plants from the genus Solanum (S. asperum and S. grandiflorum) and Piper spp. ( Piperaceae ).

Breeding. In northern Bolivia, a pregnant Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat was found in September—October, an infant and a scrotal male in November, and two infants in April. Pregnant females have been found in January-May in Venezuela and Trinidad and July—August in Peru and Brazil; lactating females andjuveniles were found in November in Peru.

Activity patterns. Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is nocturnal. In French Guiana, more captures were made in ground level mist nets than in canopies.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust.

Bibliography. Baker (1973), Baker & Hsu (1970), Gardner (2008g), Goodwin & Greenhall (1961), Marinkelle & Cadena (1971), Moya & Arteaga (2007), Romero (2018a), Sampaio et al. (2016b), Simmons & Voss (1998), Uieda & Vasconcellos-Neto (1985), Velazco & Patterson (2013).

Figures

119. Bidentate Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bidens), 120. Lesser Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira nana), 121. Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira aratathomasi), 122. Honduran Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira hondurensis), 123. Burton's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Stwrnira burtonlimi), 124. Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira ludovici), 125. Adriana’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira adrianae), 126. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira oporaphilum), 127. Mistratoan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mistratensis), 128. Soriano’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira sorianoi), 129. Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira koopmanhilli), 130. Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mordax), 131. Perla Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira perla), 132. Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira tildae), 133. Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira erythromos), 134. Bogota Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bogotensis), 135. Greater Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira magna), 136. Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira parvidens), 137. Baker's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bakeri), 138. Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira Lilium), 139. Gianna’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira giannae), 140. Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira angeli), 141. Paulson’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira paulsoni), 142. Luis’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira luisi)

Distribution. Amazonian lowlands and E Andean slopes of Colombia , Venezuela , the Guianas, Brazil , Ecuador , Peru , and N Bolivia , also on E Brazil and Trinidad I.