Chiroderma doriae, Thomas, 1891

Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Phyllostomidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 444-583 : 554-555

147.

Brazilian Big-eyed Bat

Chiroderma doriae

French: Chiroderme de Doria / German: Brasilien-GroRaugenfledermaus / Spanish: Quirodermo de Doria

Taxonomy. Chiroderma doriae Thomas, 1891 ,

“Minas Geraes [= Minas Gerais],” Brazil.

This species is monotypic.

Distribution. NE, C, SE & S Brazil, from Rio Grande do Norte and Paraiba S to Santa Catarina and E Paraguay ( San Pedro and Cordillera departments).

Descriptive notes. Head-body 69-80 mm (tailless), ear 19-21-5 mm, hindfoot 10-12 mm, forearm 49-5-55-5 mm; weight 20-45 g. Dorsal fur of the Brazilian Big-eyed Batis brownish. Dorsal hairs are distinctly tricolored, with dark brown bases, pale buff middle bands, and dark brown tips. White median dorsal stripe extends from interscapular region to rump. Head is same color of dorsum, with conspicuous supraocular and subocularstripes of entirely white hairs. Rostrum is relatively short. Ears have yellowish bases and margins. Tragus is small, c.33% the ear length, and yellowish. Noseleaf is simple, blackish, and whitish on edges of horseshoe and base of spear. Underparts are grayish. Wing membranes blackish except for translucent area between second and third fingers. Uropatagium is hairy and well developed, with notch near level of knees. Proximal two-thirds of forearm is hairy. Tail is absent. Skull has deep notch on nasal region due to greatly reduced nasal bones. Postorbital processes are prominent. Palate is relatively broad and V-shaped at end, without median post-palatal process. Sagittal crest is well developed. I' are in contact at tips. Mandible has prominent angular and coronoid processes.P,is tall, and crown is c.66% height of P, and in contact with C, but does not touch P,. M,is massive, longer than M| and with five well-defined cusps. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 26 and FN = 48, with nine pairs of metacentric or submetacentric and three pairs of subtelocentric autosomes. X-chromosome is subtelocentric, and Y-chromosome is submetacentric.

Habitat. Primary and secondary tropical and subtropical forests of the Atlantic rainforest, including humid and semideciduous types, and associated vegetation such as coastal restinga and Araucaria forest from sea level on the littoral of south-eastern Brazil and up to elevations of ¢. 1200 m in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. The Brazilian Big-eyed Bat is also found in cerrado of central Brazil and Pantanal wetlands.

Food and Feeding. The Brazilian Big-eyed Batis granivorous, specialized to eat seeds offruits of figs ( Ficus , Moraceae ). Four species of figs have been recorded in diets in south-eastern Brazil: Ficus clusiaefolia, F. cyclophylla, F. organensis, and FE tomentella. Individuals were captured near F gomeleira trees in Rio de Janeiro, suggesting that it might also use this resource. Besides seeds of Ficus , consumption of Piper (Piperaceae) , Psychotria suterella ( Rubiaceae ), and Cecropia pachystachya ( Urticaceae ) was reported in Atlantic Forest sites. Studies suggested that Brazilian Big-eyed Bats also visit flowers for nectar or pollen, and one captured individual in south-eastern Brazil was covered with pollen of Mabea fistulifera ( Euphorbiaceae ).

Breeding. Female Brazilian Big-eyed Bats in early pregnancy were recorded in June-July, and more developed embryos were found in August-September. Births occur in October-November at beginning of rainy season, but pregnant females were also found in January-February, suggesting rapid successional pregnancy and two litters per year. Gestation lasts ¢.3-5 months. One young is born per pregnancy.

Activity patterns. In south-eastern Brazil, specimens of the Brazilian Big-eyed Bat were captured between 20:50 h and 04:20 h. In the cerrado of south-eastern Brazil, the stygian owl (Asio stygius) preys on the Brazilian Big-eyed Bat.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List. The Brazilian Big-eyed Bat occurs in several protected areas and uses altered landscapes such as cultivated areas and urban areas.

Bibliography. Bordignon (2005), Esbérard et al. (1996), Feij6 & Langguth (2011), Gregorin (1998), Mikalauskas et al. (2006), Motta & Taddei (1992), Nogueira & Peracchi (2003a, 2003b), Olmos & Boulhosa (2000), Scabello et al. (2009), Taddei (1979, 1980), Thomas (1891), Varella-Garcia & Taddei (1985).

Figures

143. Guadeloupean Big-eyed Bat (Charoderma tmprovisum), 144. Little Big-eyed Bat (Charoderma trinitatum), 145. Salvin’s Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma salvini), 146. Hairy Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma villosum), 147. Brazilian Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma doriae), 148. Vizotto’s Big-eyed Bat (Chiroderma vizottoi), 149. Bidentate Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyriscus bidens), 150. Brock’s Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyriscus brocki), 151. Striped Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyriscus nymphaea), 152. Baker’s Tent-making Bat (Uroderma bakeri), 153. Common Tent-making Bat (Uroderma bilobatum), 154. Pacific Tent-making Bat (Uroderma convexum), 155. Davis’s Tent-making Bat (Uroderma dauvisi), 156. Brown Tent-making Bat (Uroderma magnirostrum), 157. Kalko’s Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa elisabethae), 158. Melissa’s Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa melissa), 159. Quechuan Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa sinchi), 160. Northern Little Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa thyone), 161. Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat (Vampyressa pusilla), 162. MacConnell’s Bat (Mesophylla macconnelli), 163. Caracciolo’s Stripe-faced Bat (Vampyrodes caraccioli), 164. Great Stripe-faced Bat (Vampyrodes major)

Distribution. NE, C, SE & S Brazil , from Rio Grande do Norte and Paraiba S to Santa Catarina and E Paraguay ( San Pedro and Cordillera departments).