Ephutomma Ashmead, 1899

Matias, Rafael, 2023, Sex-association experiments reveal the true identity of Physetopoda lampedusia (Invrea, 1957) (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae, Smicromyrmini), Zootaxa 5311 (2), pp. 203-231 : 210

Genus Ephutomma Ashmead, 1899

Ephutomma Ashmead, 1899: 52 , ♁ non ♀; Mickel 1928: 32; Skorikov 1935: 321, ♁ non ♀; Lelej & Kabakov 1980: 192; Lelej 2002: 52; Pagliano et al. 2020: 172. Gender: neuter (Art. 30.1.2 of the Code (ICZN 1999), contra Lelej & Brothers 2008: 22).

Eremomyrme Suárez, 1965b: 51 .

Type species Mutilla turcestanica Dalla Torre, 1897 , ♁ (replacement name for Mutilla incerta Radoszkowski, 1877 , ♁, by automatic designation. Junior objective synonym of Ephutomma Ashmead, 1899 according to Lelej & Kabakov (1980: 193).

Type species: Mutilla incerta Radoszkowski, 1877 , nom. praeocc., non Spinola 1841 (= Mutilla turcestanica Dalla Torre, 1897 ), by original designation.

Diagnosis: MALE. Most species with mandible broad and widened to the apex, excised beneath, apically tridentate, with a curved carina on the upper side and a large lobe basally on the lower edge; preapical inner tooth equals or is larger than apical tooth ( E. montarcense differs in most of these characteristics, see below). Clypeus concave, with the anterior border medially protruding over which there are two denticles or tubercles. Flagellomere 1 is 1.5–1.6 times as long as its maximum width (except in E. montarcense ). Felt lines present laterally only on T2. Genitalia with lamellar, long and narrow volsella (adapted from Lelej 1985, 2002). Similar to genus Physetopoda differing in mandible structure: sub-apical teeth large, as large or larger than apical tooth (small in Physetopoda ), external basal tooth not well developed (large and protruding in Physetopoda , except in P. pusilla Klug sensu Pagliano & Agnoli 2018 ).

FEMALE. Eyes elliptical, closely set; minimal distance between eyes ca. 1.1–1.3 times the longitudinal eye diameter. Clypeus with a basal process and bent upper part. Mesosoma sometimes narrow, with the head somewhat wider than pronotum. Pattern of metasomal pale pubescence formed by a large basal spot on T2 with an apical band medially expanded triangularly, and another band over T3. Scutellar scale not well developed. Pygidial area developed, with more or less parallel sides, not widened or narrowed basally (adapted from Lelej 1985, 2002).

Included species: seventeen, distributed throughout the Palaearctic (15 species: E. angustatum ( Skorikov, 1935) , E. coronatum ( Lelej, 1976) , E. desertum Lelej, 1985 , E. ferghanicum Ovchinnikov, 2002 , E. gabesianum Bischoff, 1920 , E. himalayanum Lelej & Ullah in Lelej et al. 2007, E. kazenasi ( Lelej, 1976) , E. kerzhneri ( Lelej, 1977) , E. mesopotamicum Bischoff, 1920 , E. minutum Lelej, 1985 , E. mongolense ( Suárez, 1974) , E. montarcense , E. semirubrum Bischoff, 1920 , E. turcestanicum ( Dalla Torre, 1897) and E. turgayense Lelej, 1985 ), Oriental (one: E. fletcheri ( Turner, 1911)) and Afrotropical (one: E. somalicum ( Magretti, 1892)) regions; two occur in Europe: E. angustatum in European Russia, and E. montarcense ( Pagliano et al. 2020, Lelej & Williams 2023).