Taraxacum dorchocarpum van Soest (1971: 145)

Štěpánek, Jan & Kirschner, Jan, 2022, Taraxacum sect. Erythrocarpa in Europe in the Alps and eastwards: A revision of a precursor group of relicts, Phytotaxa 536 (1), pp. 7-52 : 35-38

11. Taraxacum dorchocarpum van Soest (1971: 145) .

Type:— GREECE. Thrace , Xanthi , weed in Glenn compound, 8 Apr 1938, H. G. Tedd T9 ( K, no. det. 8827, holotype) .

Note:—The type indication in the text includes three specimens as “ holotypus ”, as T8 , T9 and T10 . However, on p. 155, van Soest (1971) clearly designated the specimen T9 as the holotype in the caption to the figure (“Fig. 9. T. dorchocarpum v S., holotype.“).

Exsiccates:—Taraxaca Exs., no. 727–732.

Plants medium-sized, usually 8–10 (–15) cm tall, relatively robust. Plant base without tunic or with a very weakly developed one, pale brownish arachnoid. Leaves suberect-patent to almost patent, conspicuously light green, often pale greyish yellow-green, not spotted, ± sparsely arachnoid with long hairs, later glabrescent, the innermost young leaves ± densely arachnoid, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptical, usually 6–11 cm long, 1–3.5 cm wide, pinnatisect; terminal segment relatively small, broadly triangular to triangular, 8–15 mm long, 9–12 mm wide, obtusely acute to acute, sometimes minutely mucronate, distal margin usually convex, less often to sigmoid, entire, basal lobules usually subrecurved, ± obtusely acute, proximal margin ± straight to subconcave, entire; lateral segments 4–6 pairs, narrowly triangular-deltoid to deltoid, patent to subrecurved, often from a broad base ± abruptly narrowed into a lingulate distal part, usually 0.5–1.5 cm long, 0.4–1.2 cm wide at the base, ± obtusely acute, distal margin convex to ± sigmoid, entire or with 1–2 short broad teeth, proximal margin ± straight, entire or with several little teeth; interlobes of variable length (1–10 mm), 2–5 mm wide, subdensely dentate with variously long acuminate teeth (most often 1–3 mm long), margin raised, light green, margin narrowly bordered ± light purplish; mid-vein pale or light brownish pink; petiole 1.5–3 cm long, broadly winged in outer leaves, narrowly so in middle leaves, pale greenish or suffused pinkish. Scapes light greenish, later suffused bronze, densely arachnoid with long hairs, later subsparsely arachnoid, usually 3–8 cm long, usually shorter than leaves. Capitulum 3–4 cm wide, with dense florets, ± flat to subconvex, deep yellow. Involucre ca. 8 mm wide and truncate to rounded at base. Outer phyllaries 13–21, loosely appressed, conspicuously imbricate, broadly ovate to almost round-ovate, upper ones to ovate-lanceolate, usually 7–8 (–9) mm long, 3.5–4.5 (–5) mm wide, ± evenly dark grey-olivaceous, pruinose, later darkening to become blackish olivaceous-grey after anthesis, the coloration occasionally is darker and often suffused purplish in distal 1/3, with a distinct, sharply delimited, narrow pale border 0.1–0.3 mm wide, margin usually densely ciliate, apex flat to ± corniculate; inner phyllaries 11–13 mm long, light olivaceous-green, of equal width, purplish distally, corniculate or flat. Outer ligules flat, relatively broad, broadly striped purplish grey-brown outside, apical teeth black-purple, inner ligule teeth dark yellow. Stigmas ± dark discoloured, yellowish grey-green, with pubescence of hyaline, distally blackish hairs outside. Pollen abundant, pollen grains irregular in size.Achenes light grey to light grey-brown, 3.8–4.7 mm long, 0.8–1.0 (–1.1) mm wide, body densely spinulose (with short broad spinules and squamules) in upper 1/5–1/3, otherwise tuberculate or smooth, very gradually narrowing into a relatively thin subconical to subcylindrical cone 0.7–0.9 (–1.1) mm long, often with a few minute spinules at base, beak 9–11 mm long; pappus white or pale brownish white, (5.5–) 6–6.5 mm long.—Agamosperm.— Triploid (2n=24, counted on no. det. 16754 & 16766 by H. Dvořáková, as 5/99 and 4/99, respectively).—Fig. 19, 20.

Diagnostic notes: — The most similar species, T. aquilinum , differs from T. dorchocarpum in having outer phyllaries from erect-patent or erect to loosely appressed, with proximal half pale whitish green, and with an inconspicuous, membranous border, stigmas light discoloured, interlobes entire in outer and middle leaves, and achenes of cinnamon colour.

Distribution and ecology: — Mountain stony grasslands, gravelly slopes, along paths, sometimes even semiruderal sites in the vicinity of natural ones, usually 1400–2000 m. Quite widely distributed in Bulgaria (Stara Planina, Vitosha, Rila, Pirin, Rhodopes), also known from Greece, North Macedonia, Montenegro, probably from Albania. Its IUCN conservation status is estimated as LC.

Specimens examined:— BULGARIA: Stara planina, Zlatiško-Tetevenska planina, Teteven, Mt. Vežen (2198 m), stony grasslands on Kamenica ridge, ca. 2–3 km E of Mt. Vežen, granite, 1950–2050 m, 42°45’ N, 24°26’ E, 20 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, R. Bělohlávková, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as JŠ 6780 (PRA, no. det. 26313; 16763).—Stara planina, Zlatiško-Tetevenska planina, Teteven, Ribarica village, Mt. Vežen (2198 m), stony sites between passes of Ribariški Prohod and Gorni Vetroviti Preslap, 1600–1700 m, 42°45’ N, 24°27–28’ E, 20 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, R. Bělohlávková, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as JŠ 6779 (PRA, no. det. 26311, 16764).—Stara planina, a border between Zlatiško-Tetevenska planina and Trojanska planina, Teteven, Mt. Vežen (2198 m), between Mt. Jumruka (1819 m) and Mt. Kavladan, ca. 8 km E. of Mt. Vežen, ca. 1600 m, 42°46’ N, 24°28’ E, 21 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, R. Bělohlávková, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as JŠ 6768 (PRA, no. det. 16769, 26322).—Stara planina, a border between Zlatiško-Tetevenska planina and Trojanska planina, Teteven, Mt. Vežen (2198 m), around Echo Chalet, 1600–1650 m, 42°46’ N, 24°28’ E, 21 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, R. Bělohlávková, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as JŠ 6875 (PRA, no. det. 26328), ibidem: cultivated as JŠ 6878 (PRA, no. det. 26327), ibidem: cultivated as JŠ 6879 (PRA, no. det. 26326), ibidem: cultivated as JŠ 7566 (PRA, no. det. 26325), ibidem: cultivated as JŠ 6770 (PRA, no. det. 16768, 16766).—Stara planina, Kazanläk, Šipčenska planina, Šipka village, summit of Mt. Buzludža (= Hadži Dimitär, 1441 m), limestone, 1440 m, ca. 42°45‘ N, ca. 25°23‘ E, 22 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, R. Bělohlávková, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova (PRA, no. det. 16754).—Stara planina, Trojan township, Trojanska planina, between the pass of Karčov preslap and Mt. Ušite (1637 m), limestone, ca. 3–4 km W of the Kozja Stena Chalet, ca. 1600 m, 42°47–48‘ N, 24°29–30‘ E, 21 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, R. Bělohlávková, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as JŠ 6772 (PRA, no. det. 16765), ibidem: cultivated as JŠ 7573 (PRA, no. det. 26323).—Stara planina, Trojan township, Trojanska planina, NW slopes of Mt. Baljova planina, ca. 2 km E of Mt. Kozja stena (1670 m), granite, 1550–1600 m, 42°47‘ N, 24°34‘ E, 21 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, R. Bělohlávková, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova (PRA, no. det. 16770), ibidem: cultivated as JŠ 7556 (PRA, no. det. 26324).—Stara planina, Trojan township, Trojanska planina, ca. 0.5–1 km E of Mt. Kozja stena (1670 m), limestone, 1550–1600 m, 42°47‘ N, 24°33–34‘ E, 21 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, R. Bělohlávková, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as JŠ 7007 (PRA, no. det. 26321).—Trojanska planina Mts, the saddle Trojan (Trojanski prechod) in the Beklemeto area, mountain grasslands along the road between the Karnare village and Trojan town, ca. 15 km SSW of the Trojan town, 42°46‘47.4‘‘ N, 24°36‘22.7‘‘ E. Alt. 1538 m, F. Krahulec & A. Krahulcová 60, cultivated as JŠ 8936 (PRA, no. det. 26316), ibidem: cultivated as JŠ 8935 (PRA, no. det. 26315), ibidem: cultivated as JŠ 8934 (PRA, no. det. 26314), ibidem: cultivated as JŠ 9190 (PRA, no. det. 27082).— Sofia, Vitoša Mts., SW of Aleko Chalet, 1800 m, 3 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JŠ 2944 (PRA, no. det. 26312), ibidem: cultivated as JŠ 2942, JŠ 2947 & JŠ 2949 (PRA, no. det. 16777).— Sofia, Vitoša Mts., vicinity of Aleko Chalet, ca. 1800 m, 3 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner & B. Kuzmanov, cultivated as [JK] 363 (PRA, no. det. 16778).— Sofia, Vitoša Mts., between chalets of Aleko and Tintjavce, 8 Jul 1989 B. Kuzmanov, cultivated as T231 (PRA, no. det. 28937).—Rila Mts., Samokov, valley of Maljovica River, between “Komplex Maljovica” and Maljovica Chalet, 1750-2000 m, 8 Aug 1990, J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 4514 (PRA, no. det. 26319).—Rila Mts., near Sotova vada, 25–27 Jul 1989, B. Kuzmanov 89115 A, B, cultivated as T226 (PRA, no. det. 26318).—Rila Mts., Strašnoto jezero, 17 Aug 1982, H. Barešová, cultivated as JŠ 1002 (PRA, no. det. 26437).—Pirin, near Goce Delcev Chalet, ca. 900 m, 18 Aug 1989, B. Kuzmanov, cultivated as T247 (PRA, no. det. 26329).—Pirin, Bansko, Demjanica valley, at Demjaniška polana, above the waterfalls of Demjaniški skok, 1800–1850 m, 41°45–46‘ N, 23°28–29‘ E, 8 Aug 1997, J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 6294 (PRA, no. det. 16773, 27479).—Pirin, Bansko, along Banderica River, near Banderica Chalet, ca. 1800 m, 11 Aug 1990, J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 4555 (PRA, no. det. 26320).—Pirin, Bansko, Banderica Valley, ca. 1900 m, limestone, Jul 1936, I. Klášterský & M. Deyl (PR, no. det. 28627).—Rodopi, Asenovgrad, Dobrostan, chalet of Marciganica, 1420 m, 15 Jun 1984, H. Baumová, cultivated as JŠ 1525 (PRA, no. det. 16780).—Rodopi, Čepelare, Mursalica (the eastern part of the Perelik Mts.), village of Široka Läka, between Gela and Lednicata, limestone, ca. 1500 m, 41°39‘ N, 24°33‘ E, 23 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, R. Bělohlávková, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as JŠ 6818 (PRA, no. det. 16751).—Rodopi, Čepelare, Mursalica (the eastern part of the Perelik Mts.), village of Široka Läka, between Gela and Lednicata, limestone, ca. 1500 m, 41°39‘ N, 24°33‘ E, 23 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, R. Bělohlávková, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as JŠ 6812 (PRA, no. det. 16767).—Rodopi, Čepelare, Mursalica (the eastern part of the Perelik Mts.), village of Široka Läka, summit of Mt. Čaeva čuka (1826 m), ca. 8 km WSW of Široka Läka, limestone, 1700–1800 m, ca. 41°38–39‘ N, 24°29–30‘ E, 23 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, R. Bělohlávková, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as JŠ 6828 (PRA, no. det. 16753).—Rodopi, Čepelare, Černatica Mts., Chvojna village, Mt. Goljam Persenk (2091 m), above Čudni Mostove, ca. 1600 m, ca. 41°48–49‘ N, 24°34–35‘ E, 24 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, R. Bělohlávková, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as JŠ 6791 (PRA, no. det. 16762).—Rodopi, Čepelare, Černatica Mts., Chvojna village, Mt. Goljam Persenk (2091 m), above Skalni Mostove, ca. 1800 m, 41°49‘ N, 24°33–34‘ E, 24 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, R. Bělohlávková, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as JŠ 6802 (PRA, no. det. 16761).—Rodopi, Čepelare, Prespa Mts., Manastir village, 1620 m, ca. 41°41‘ N, 24°49‘ E, 25 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, R. Bělohlávková, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as JŠ 6832 (PRA, no. det. 16756, 16755).—Rodopi, Čepelare, Prespanski djal Mts., Läki village, Radjuva planina (Djuva planina), between Läki and Momčilovci in the valley of Džurkovska reka, above Zdravec, 1450 m, 41°43‘ N, 24°47‘ E, 25 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, R. Bělohlávková, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as JŠ 6824 (PRA, no. det. 16752).—[Rodopi] Smolyan, Karabalkan Mts., Mt. Karlak, 1800–2160 m, Jun 1936, I. Klášterský & M. Deyl (PR, no. det. 28622).— GREECE: Grevenon, Ep. Grevenon, Mt. Vourinos, SW foothills, c. 2 km NW of Varis along road to a small iron mine, 40.09 N, 21.39 E, 25 May 1999, A. Strid et al. 48334a (C/herb. Strid, no. det. 15040).—Imathia, Ep. Naousis, Vermion, NW of Ano Seli, 1600-1650 m, 40°35‘30“ N, 21°55‘30“ E, 9 Jun 1992, E. Willing 17594 (B, no. det. 16750).— Makedonia, Kajmakčalan, N side of the summit, 2520 m, 7 Aug 2009, L. Meierott GR-09/402 & 403 & T. Gregor (herb. L. Meierott, no. det. 27970).—Nom. Pierias, Ep. Pierias: Mt. Olympos, 2600 m, about 400 m E of Refuge C, 13 Jul 1985, Vanamo Salo & Marjatta Salmenkallio VS 1153 (H, no. det. 25649).—NORTH MACEDONIA: Nidže Mts., between the Belo Grotlo ridge and Mt. Kajmakčalan, ca. 1800 m, 1989, R. Bělohlávková & D. Fišerová, cultivated as JŠ 4028 (PRA, no. det. 16774).—the Jakupica planina Mts., above Patiška Reka, 1400 m, Jul 1987, R. Bělohlávková & D. Fišerová, cultivated as JŠ 2809/2 (PRA, no. det. 16776).—the Jakupica planina Mts., below Mt. Ubava, ca. 1900 m, Jul 1987, R. Bělohlávková & D. Fišerová, cultivated as JŠ 3214 (PRA, no. det. 16781).—Šar planina, above Brezovica, 1800–1900 m, 8 Jul 1987, R. Bělohlávková & D. Fišerová, cultivated as JŠ 3243 (PRA, no. det. 16779).—Ohridsko Jezero, Jablonica Mts., ca. 1600-1800 m, granite, 1989, D. Fišerová & R. Bělohlávková, cultivated as JŠ 4023 (PRA, no. det. 26317).—Boiska Reka Pass, E of Bari, 1400 m, May 1969, G. H. Leute 403 (W, no. det. 30941).— MONTENEGRO: Han Garančica (south of Kolašin), summit of Mt. Maglić NE of Mokro, Jul-Aug 1995, D. Fišerová, cultivated as JŠ 5994 (PRA, no. det. 16775), ibidem: cultivated as JŠ 6355 (PRA, no. det. 16772), ibidem: cultivated as JŠ 5995/1,2 (PRA, no. det. 16771).

Less certain identification:— ALBANIA: District of Dibër (Rrethi i Dibrës), Mt. Ruja e Lura above village Fushë Lurë , on limestone rocks in dolina, 1759 m, 41.77685° N, 20.26097° E, 21 Jun 2013, Z. Barina, D. Pifkó 22574 ( BP, herb. Z. Barina, no. det. 30586) [ripe achenes missing] .