Taraxacum panhellenicum Sonck (1989a: 51)

Štěpánek, Jan & Kirschner, Jan, 2022, Taraxacum sect. Erythrocarpa in Europe in the Alps and eastwards: A revision of a precursor group of relicts, Phytotaxa 536 (1), pp. 7-52 : 33-35

10. Taraxacum panhellenicum Sonck (1989a: 51) .

Type:— GREECE. Lakonia , E of road Sparti—Tripoli, at a side-way ca. 6 km W of Vourvoura, alt. 920 m, 28 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck ( H 1590457 , no. det. 34452, lectotype, designated by Sonck (1989b: [237]); isotypes: H 1596835 , H 1596836 , H 1596837 , H 1689308 , H 1689309 , H 1689310 , H 1689311 , H 1689312 , H 1596814 , H 1596817 , no. det. 34454) .

Note 1: — Sonck (1989a) designated the whole gathering (with specimens cited preserved in three herbarium collections) as the type of T. panhellenicum . The single holotype specimen designation was, by printer‘s error, omitted from the protologue. A correction, including the picture of the type specimen, was published in the next issue of the same journal ( Sonck 1989b). Thus, a lectotype was selected from among the three syntypes cited in the protologue. For details, see Štěpánek & Kirschner (2014).

Note 2:—The date written on the lectotype label (20 Apr 1984) is not correct. Erik Sonck collected there only on Apr 28, in 1984.

Description:— Sonck (1989a: 51–52).

Illustration:— Sonck (1989b: [237]).

Exsiccates:—Taraxaca Exs., no. 141, 1254–1257.

Diagnostic notes:— Taraxacum panhellenicum is very distinct in having large, 8–10 × 3–4 mm, ± appressed, conspicuously dark blackish grey coloured outer phyllaries, with a contrasting whitish border 0.2–0.4 mm wide; the phyllaries are usually suffused purple. Pollen is not developed, as a rule, and achenes are red-brown, long, with very long, subsparse thin spinules, the longest ones being 0.5–0.6 mm long (!). In the bright and contrasting colours of outer phyllaries, T. panhellenicum seemingly approaches T. sect. Scariosa but the other characters, and features of achenes in particular, place it safely in T. sect. Erythrocarpa (Fig. 18).

Distribution and ecology:—Until recently, T. panhellenicum was known to occur in Greece only, now there is a single confirmed locality in Albania. The most common habitats are open oak woodlands and stony mountain slopes, usually between 450 m and ca. 1900 m. Its IUCN conservation status is estimated as LC.

Specimens examined:— ALBANIA: Gjirokastër District (Rrethi i Gjirokastrës), Mount Maja e Lalucit , above the village of Saraqinishtë , in open rocky grassland, on limestone, 40.11831° N, 20.24975° E, 1559 m, 9 May 2015, Z. Barina 27574 (BP, herb. Z. Barina, no. det. 30574).— GREECE: Ionian Islands, Kefallinía (Nom. Kefalinnías), Enos Oros, SW slope of Stavrós , rocky grasslands in an open Abies woodland, 1450 m, 28 Apr 1995, W. Gutermann 29285 (WU, herb. W. Gutermann, no. det. 22148).— Peloponnes, Lakonia, Ep. Lakedhemona, E slopes of Taygetos, 3 km above Toriza, between Paleopanajia and the chalet, limestone, 1100–1200 m, 19 Apr 1979, W. Greuter & H. Merxmüller 17248a (M, no. det. 2856).— Epirus, “ Région des Mts. Timfi, au dessus de la Naliadle, ca. 400 m avant le pont sur l‘Aoos ”, 500 m, [partly illegible], 14 Apr 1990, P. Authier 8161 (herb. P. Authier, no. det. 15062).— Thessalia, Meteora , 27 Apr 1982, C. E. Sonck (PRA, no. det. 25961).— Epirus, Timfi Mts., Konitsa, 700 m, 18 Apr 1994, P. Authier 12653 (herb. P. Authier, no. det. 15061); ibidem, 500 m, 18 Apr 1994, P. Authier 12652 (herb. P. Authier, no. det. 15059).— Trikala, Ep. Trikalon, 1.2 km NE of Langadhia , Q. coccifera scrub, 510 m, 39°39‘22“ N, 21°49‘53“ E, 28 Apr 2000, R. Eisenblätter & E. Willing 81376 (B, no. det. 16786).— Ioannina, Ep. Pogoniou, 2.1 km ENE of Pontikates , 570 m, 39°58‘24“ N, 20°24‘09“ E, 25 Apr 2000, R. Eisenblätter & E. Willing 80530 (B, no. det. 16793).— Thessaly, Trikala, Koridallos, roadside ca. 2 km of Metsovo , 4 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, herb. C. E. Sonck , no. det. 4813, 3718).— Laconia , E. of road Sparti—Tripoli , at the side way ca. 6 km W of Vourvoura , 920 m, 28 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, herb. C. E. Sonck, no. det. 3719, 3716).— Epiros, Ioannina, Dodoni , 21 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, herb. C. E. Sonck, no. det. 3715, 4812).— Graecia: Thessalia, Meteora , 27 Apr 1982, C. E. Sonck (G, no. det. 22568).— Thessalia, Trikala, Trigona , roadside, 20 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (G, no. det. 22569).— Epiros, Ioannina, on the islet in the Lake of Ioannina , close to the monastery, 22 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 25358, 25359).— Thessalia, Trikala, Trigona , roadside, 20 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34464, paratypes; H, no. det. 3717).— Epeiros, Ioannina , 26 Apr 1983, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34466).— Epiros, Ioannina, Vikos, St. Paraskevi , 23 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34462, paratypes).— Thessalia, Trikala, Koridallos, ca. 2 km of Metsovo , roadside, 4 May 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34458, paratypes).— Thessalia, Trikala, Kalambaka, Meteora , 27 Apr 1982, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34460).— Epiros, Ioannina, Dodoni , 21 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34449, paratypes).— Magnisia, Volos, Hania , 2 May 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34451, paratypes).— Thessalia, Trikala, Kalambaka: slope near Meteora (alt. ca. 250 m)., 27 Apr 1982, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34456, paratype).— Lakonia, E of road Sparti—Tripoli, at a side way ca. 6 km W of Vourvoura , 28 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck, cultivated in Průhonice as JŠ 1959 (H, no. det. 34455), ibidem: cultivated as JŠ 1958 (H, no. det. 34453), ibidem: cultivated in Průhonice as JŠ 1958, distributed as Taraxaca Exs., no. 141 (PRA, no. det. 6241).— Epeiros, Ioannina , 26 Apr 1983, C. E. Sonck (H, no. det. 34457).— Epiros, Ioannina, along road to Monadendri, 1-2 km from a side road to Tepelovo , 23 Apr 1984, C. E. Sonck (H, herb. C. E. Sonck, no. det. 5190).— Ioannina, Ep. Konitsis, S of Pirsojianni , 40°12‘47“ N, 20°48‘43“ E, 2 Apr 2003, R. Willing & E. Willing 108407 (B, no. det. 16792).— Ioannina, Ep. Konitsis, Klidhonia, 39°59‘01“ N, 20°38‘52“ E, 31 Mar 2003, R. Willing & E. Willing 107963 (B, no. det. 16789).— Nom. Fthiotis, Ep. Lokridhos, 0.3 km SE of Karia , 38°44‘30“ N, 22°46‘30“ E, 28 Apr 1993, E. Willing 22906b, 22906a (B, no. det. 16787).— Ioannina, Ep. Pogoniou, SE of Vasiliko , 39°58‘05“ N, 20°38‘26“ E, 31 Mar 2003, R. Willing & E. Willing 107993 (B, no. det. 16788).— Ioannina, Ep. Konitsis, NW Exohi, 40°06‘24“ N, 20°43‘43“ E, 1 Apr 2003, R. Willing & E. Willing 108212 (B, no. det. 16784).— Ioannina, Ep. Konitsis, S of Melissopetra , 40°02‘19“ N, 20°36‘56“ E, 31 Mar 2003, R. Willing & E. Willing 108036 (B, no. det. 16785).— Grevena, Ep. Grevenon, S of Eleftherochori , 40°02‘08“ N, 21°28‘56“ E, 15 Apr 2002, R. Willing & E. Willing 100298 (B, no. det. 16783).— Ioannina, Ep. Pogoniou, 0.9 km ESE of Lavdhani , 39°48‘12“ N, 20°31‘16“ E, 24 Apr 2000, R. Eisenblätter & E. Willing 80139 (B, no. det. 16795).— Grevena, Ep. Grevenon, SW of Kipourio , 870 m, 39°56‘12“ N, 21°20‘24“ E, 30 Apr 2003, R. Willing & E. Willing 116580 (B, no. det. 16791).— Epiros, Timfi Mts., ... Kallithea , ca. 400 m [partly illegible], 18 Apr 1996, P. Authier 13790 (herb. P. Authier, no. det. 15057).— Ioannina, Ep. Pogoniou, 2.3 km NW of Kryoneri, 530 m, 39°54‘12“ N, 20°28‘40“ E, Apr 2000, R. Eisenblätter & E. Willing 80275 (B, no. det. 16790).— Kalambaka, 20 Apr 1908, Maire 3124 (WU, no. det. 9058).— Epiros, Dodona, 1 km E of township Dodoni , 600 m, 11 Apr 1985, B. Wallnöfer 191 (W, herb. Wallnöfer, no. det. 8966).— Larisa, NE of Elafos, 690 m, 39°35‘23“ N, 22°48‘09“ E, 20 Apr 2008, R. Willing & E. Willing 173445 (B, no. det. 31560).— Trikala, Koridallos, 660 m, 39°48‘19“ N, 21°21‘24“ E, 6 Apr 2008, R. Willing & E. Willing 168829, 168820 (B, no. det. 31532).— Evvia, NE of Steni , 850 m, 38°36‘01“ N, 23°51‘15“ E, 3 May 2011, E. Willing & R. Willing 215081, 215082 (B, no. det. 31527).— Taygetos Mts. , near Ag. Marina, May 1981, R. Bělohlávková, cultivated as JŠ 364, 2n=32 (PRA, no. det. 33644).

Less certain identification:— GREECE: Messinia, Ep. Kalamon, SE of Pije , 900 m, 37°04‘48“ N, 22°16‘47“ E, 29 Apr 2001, R. Willing & E. Willing 92571 (B, no. det. 16794).