Rahchamani, Ranjbar & Rahchamani, 2018

Ranjbar, Massoud & Rahchamani, Narges, 2018, The species of Scrophularia L. (Scrophulariaceae) with white margined leaves in Flora Iranica, Adansonia (3) 40 (6), pp. 67-87 : 69-75

1. Scrophularia deserti Delile ( Figs 1 ; 2 )

In Description de l’Égypte, Histoire naturelle: 240 (1813). — Typus: Egypt. Vallée de l’Égarement, s.d., Delile s.n. (holo-, MPU[MPU007068]!; iso-, P[P03414797]!). S. sinaica Benth. , Prodromus Systematis Naturalis RegniVegetabilis 10: 314

(1846) ( Fig. 3 ). — Typus: Egypt. 1836, Aucher-Eloy s.n.; Gleylé ou

Zeret Arab., Désert du Sinaï, VI.1832, Bové 73, lectotype and isolecto-

type here designated (lecto-, G-DC[G00672007, G00672020];

isolecto-, G[G00418253]!, K[K001096260, K001096261]!,

P[P03411959 at left, P03411964]!), HBG[HBG512037!]). S. moniliformis Pennell , Scrophulariaceae of the Western Himala-

yas: 54 (1943) ( Fig. 4 ). — Typus: Pakistan. Kacha Garhi , near

Peshawar , northwestern India, 25.V.1928, Qazilbash s.n. (holo-,

PH[PH00022890]!). S. kotschyi Boiss. , in exsiccata, syn. nov. — Typus: Iran. In arenosis

ins. Korgo in Sinu Persico , 17.II.1942, Kotschy s.n., lectotype and

isolectotype here designated, (lecto-, K[K001096310]!; isolecto-,

P[P03411947, P03411948, P03411950, P03411971 at right]!,

FI[FI009675]!, K[K001096311]!, [K001096312]!). PHENOLOGY. — Flowering and fruiting from March to July. CONSERVATION STATUS. — Based on GeoCAT tool (Bachman et al. 2011), the extent of occurrence (EOO) of Scrophularia deserti is estimated to 3 745 503.646 km 2. This species is known from about 60 disjunctive populations, representing about 32 different localities. The widespread taxon could be categorized as Least Concern (LC) according to IUCN Red List criteria ( IUCN 2012). OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — AFghanistan. Nimroz, Strasse nach Chakhansur , 14 km SW Dilaram am der Khashrod, 780 m, 18.IV.1972, Anders 8504 ( KU 020142!) . — Farah, Dasht-e Dilaram N von Dilaram, 850 m, 20.IV.1972, Anders 8549 ( KU 020141!) . Kandahar, Halbwüste , 8 km E Keshkenakhud an der Straβe, nach 980 m, 22.IV.1977, Podlech 28926 ( KU 020146!) . — Kandahar, 45 km W black, semidesertic hills, 2 km N of mainroad, 1000- 1250 m, 20.V.1967, Freitag 798 ( KU 020144!) . — Spin Boldak, 10 km NE Dasht-I Wat Thana , 1400 m, 10.IV.1967, Toncev 2150 ( KU 020143!) . — Helmand, Hills near Shorab , about 45 km NW Girishk, 850 m, 16.IV.1968, Freitag 2413a ( KU 020145!) .

Iran. Fars: Lar to Khonj, 27 km to Khonj , 24.III.2012, Ranjbar 31143 ( BASU!) ; 28 km from Darab to Bandar Abbas , 30.IV.2014, Ranjbar 35503 ( BASU!) . — Ilam: Malekshahi to Meymeh and Darehshahr , 10 km after Malekshahi , 1371 m, 4.V.2017, Ranjbar 40523 ( BASU!) . — Kermanshah: Sumar to Gilan-e Gharb, Sar Hal , Vijenan , 895 m, 19.IV.2014, Ranjbar 35414 ( BASU!) ; 5 km from Taze Abad to Azgaleh , 1200 m, 17.IV.2014, Ranjbar 35473 ( BASU!) ; 10 km to Taze Abad , 1320 m, 23.IV.2013, Ranjbar 33392 ( BASU!) ; Paveh, Nosud 719 m, 2015, Ranjbar & Rahchamani 37611 ( BASU!) ; Taze Abad to Javanrud, above the neck, 15 km to Javanrud , 1255 m, 6.V.2017, Ranjbar 41143 ( BASU!) ; Taze Abad to Javanrud, 35 km to Javanrud , 1126 m, 6.V.2017, Ranjbar 40547 ( BASU!) ; Khorasan-e Jonubi: Ferdows, nearby mountains, 3.IV.1991, Gholami 24586 (T!); E Birjand, Between Fork and Asad Abad , 1400 m, 19.IV.1999, Faghihnia & Zangooi 32054 ( FMUH!) . — Khuzestan: 5 km Haftkel to Ramhormoz , 168 m, 12.IV.2017, Ranjbar 40078 ( BASU!) . — Lorestan: Bolouran , 33°33’22’’N, 47°18’01’’E, 1337 m, 26.IV.2015, Ranjbar 37615 ( BASU!) ; Near Bolouran, 65 km to Babazeyd , 1370 m, 1.V.2013, Ranjbar 33781 ( BASU!) ; 40 km to Kuhdasht , 1350 m, 25.IV.2013, Ranjbar 59226 ( BASU!) . — Khorramabad: Chashm divan, 1000 m, 20.V.1999, Veiskarami 24148 ( TUH!) . — Markazi: 30 km from Nobaran to Tafresh , second crossroad, 1434 m, 26.V.2012, Ranjbar 31322 ( BASU!) . — Sistan and Baluchestan: Bampour to Bazman , 50 km to Bazman , 1200 m, 10.IV.1998, Ghahreman, Attar & Sheikh 21540 ( TUH!) . — Pr. Sser-tschah Persiae mediae orientalis, III.1859, Bunge s.n. ( P03553855 !) .

Kuwait. 28°32’53’’N, 48°23’04’’E, 2.V.2012, Abdullah s.n. ( ED00640324 !) ; Wadi Al-Batin, 12 km N Al-Salmi border station with Saudi Arabia , carbonaceous sandstone, 280 m, 17.IV.1990, Boulos & Cope 1766 8 ( ED00655194 !) . — Al-Subiyah: facing Bubyan Island , coarse maritime sand near the Gulf shore , 29°35’N, 48°05’E, 0-5 m, 21.III.1985, Boulos 15515 ( ED00655196 !) . — Al Jahra: Sabiyah , 1.III.1981, Armer 84 ( ED00655203 !) ; Al-Zout Mira Saud , 6.IV.1981, Armer 149 ( ED00655204 !) .

Oman. Musandam: approx. 1644 km from Khasab on road to Diba , 25°00’N, 56°00’E, 15.III.1994, McLeish 3713 ( ED00128527 !) ; Musandam: Side wadi off wadi Khabb, North of Dibba , 28.IV.1989, Western 1024 ( ED00655192 !) ; not specified, 16.III.1994, McLeish 3843 ( ED00100888 !) .

Pakistan. Kacha Garhi , Peshawar, IV.1937, Nath 15834 ( NY02684287 !); Kacha Garhi, Peshawar, V.1929, Stewart 10176 ( NY02684288 !) .

Palestina. Jericho , in declivitatibus aridis ad Ain-i-Sultan et Wadi- Kilt, 200 m, 30.III.1897, Bornmüller 216 ( JE00010889 !) .

Saudi Arabia. Itarah-Harad: 5 km west of Sitarah, on Haradh road, 9.IV.1992, Collenette 8140 ( ED00540095 !) . — Al Bahah: near Al Bahah, on the Aqiq road, 13.III.1982, Collenette 3388 ( ED00655197 !) . — Al Qasim: Jebel al Asmar, 100 km south west of Buraydah on the road to Medina, 12.II.1980, Collenette 1779 ( ED00655202 !) . — Al Riyad: Riyadh, III.1978, Chaudhary s.n. ( ED00655201 !) .

United Arab Emirates. Fundort : Dubai, felsiges Milieu des Jebel Hofir, Zwischen stark verwitterter Kalk und Kalksandstein , 500- 800 m, 11.III.1986, Müller-Hohenstein 86128 ( ED00655195 !) . — Al Fujayrah: Fujairah Emirate: 5 km northeast of Uwaynat, along the highway to Dibba , 2.III.1986, Boulos & Al-Hasan 15931 ( ED00655191 !) . — Ra’s Al Khaymah: North slope of Jebel Quwah. Ruus al Jibal , 5.V.1988, Western 1124 ( ED00655193 !) .

DESCRIPTION

Perennial herb, 20-55 cm tall, ascending to erect, at the base woody. Stems numerous, dark green to gray, purple at the base, approximately quadrangular, glabrous to very sparsely short glandular hairs. Basal leaves whorled, dark green, brown to purplish when dry, thick, coriaceous, white margined, glabrous to very sparsely short glandular hairs on both surfaces, orbiculate to ovate to elliptic, obtuse, 5-40 × 5-50 mm, sessile to petiolate, petiole to 30 mm long, venation pinnate, prominent and purple in base, undulate, crenate to dentate, with 5-7 teeth in one side; to 1 mm long, angle of teeth 60-80º, obtuse, apical and basal sides of tooth convex. Cauline leaves alternate to opposite sometimes with lateral branches, dark green, thick, coriaceous, white margined, glabrous or with very sparsely short glandular hairs on both surfaces, obovate to elliptic, obtuse to acute, 10-75 × 5-30 mm, sessile to petiolate, petiole to 50 mm long, venation pinnate, prominent and green to approximately purple in base, undulate, dentate to lobed to parted, with 4-5 teeth or part in one side; to 1-5 mm long, angle of teeth 30-80º, obtuse to acute, apical side of tooth convex, basal side of tooth convex to straight. Inflorescence 15-20 cm long, bracteate, paniculate, cymous dichasium, many-flowered. Bracts lanceolate, entire, acute, to 5 mm long, green, with white mucro, glabrous to very sparsely short glandular hairs. Bracteoles linear to lanceolate, entire, acute, to 2 mm long, green, with white mucro, glabrous or with very sparsely short glandular hairs. Peduncle 10-15 mm long, pedicel 1-3 mm long, glabrous or with very sparsely short glandular hairs. Calyx 1.5-2 × 2.5-3 mm, sepals equal, broadly ovate, obtuse, 1/3 corolla length or shorter, green, with narrowly white margin to 0.2 mm wide, glabrous or with very sparsely short glandular hairs. Corolla 4-5 × 4.5-5.5 mm, ventricose, lobes unequal, upper lobe 1-1.5 mm larger, obtuse, purple when fresh, purple to red in dried status, glabrous. Stamens 4, fertile, exserted, 4-4.5 mm long, filaments white, with loosely glandular points, anthers red to purple. Staminode rhomboid. Ovary globose to ovoid, 1.5-2 × 1.5-2 mm, glabrous. Style terminal, filiform, 4.5-5 mm long, glabrous. Capsule globose to ovoid, 4-5 × 4-5 mm, mucronate, mucro 0.5 mm long, light brown, glabrous. Seeds ovate to triangular, 1-2.2 × 0.5- 1.2 mm, dark brown to black.

TYPIFICATION NOTES

Delile (1813: 240) described S. deserti based on a specimen collected from Egypt, “Vallée de l’Égarement” without the herbarium number. This species is detected at ED, FR, JE, MPU and P herbaria. The MPU specimen combined with handwriting, which is apparently belonging to the author’s species. It seems that this specimen ( MPU 007068) should be original material of this species. Since the specimens matching to original description were not found in other herbaria, then MPU specimen can be automatically considered as the holotype for S. deserti .

Additionally, Bentham (1846: 314) introduced S. sinaica based on the specimens of Aucher-Eloy, Schimper and Bové from Egypt. This species was considered as synonym for S. deserti by Boissier (1879), but later Grau (1981) was cited it as a separate species in Flora Iranica. By examining the specimens from different herbaria, it seems that this species has no significant differences with S. deserti and should be considered as a correct synonym for the mentioned species. However, this synonym species needs a typification. This species is tracked at HBG, K, LE, M and W herbaria. Since the type specimen is not selected in the original description, the mentioned specimens are considered as syntypes and the lectotype should be designed from them. The K specimens collected by Bové with herbarium number 73 could be the original material. These sheets have the number of the species “65” in the Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis ( Bentham 1846) account written on them by Bentham. Additionally, the epithet “ sinaica ” is likely written on the sheets by Bentham himself (K00109660) and (K00109661). So the specimens are certainly original material. But these specimens are not perfect to select the lectotype and the leaf characteristics are unclear in them. Furthermore, Bentham has undoubtedly examined the specimens of G-DC herbarium and they are the original material, too. So, these specimens are preferred to others for the typification. There is the mix sheet of two plant pieces which are collected by Aucher-Eloy and Bové (G00672007 and G00672020). Since “v.s.” in the protologue means that author had seen dried specimens of this plant and mentioned no specific herbarium, and as the also mentioned specimen in G-DC herbarium (G00672007 and G00672020) is a complete sheet consistent with the original description, it is selected as lectotype for S. sinaica .

Also, S. moniliformis was introduced by Pennell (1943) from Pakistan, but synonymized with S. deserti by Grau (1981). Since this species is not found in Iran and the observed specimens are few, final decision about its status is difficult and needs further studies. However, it seems that this symonymy might be correct. Then, the type specimen is cited in original description based on Qazilbash specimen in ANSP ( PH herbarium). Since type specimen is selected in protologue and there is only one specimen in PH herbarium matched with mentioned information, so this sheet ( PH 00022890) is automatically considered as holotype for S. moniliformis . The other specimens are detected in NY herbarium, which definitely is regarded as paratypes of this species.

Among the observed specimens of S. deserti , there are three collections in FL, K and P herbaria that are labeled with the name S. kotschyi Boiss. based on Kotschy specimens with herbarium number 16 from “In arenosis ins. Korgo in Sinu Persico”. In Flora Orientalis, these specimens are cited for S. deserti . It seems that at first Boissier named these specimens as S. kotschyi , but he did not publish it as a new species and identified it under the name of S. deserti . Additionally, this name is not in IPNI and The Plant List site. However, S. kotschyi has not the effective publication, but since it was written for some of the specimens of S. deserti , so this name should be considered as a new synonym for S. deserti .

Figures

FIG. 1. — Scrophularia deserti Delile: A, habit; B, basal and cauline leaves; C, D, flower in front and side views; E, basal leaves (Kermanshah: Tazeh Abad to Javanrud, 15 km to Javanrud, 1255 m, 6.V.2017, Ranjbar 41143, BASU, Photographed by M. Ranjbar). Scale bars: A, B, 2 cm; C, D, 1 mm; E, 1 cm.

FIG. 2. — Holotype of Scrophularia deserti Delile (Delile s.n., MPU007068).

FIG. 3. — Lectotype of Scrophularia sinaica Benth. (Aucher-Eloy s.n. and Bové 73, G-DC[G00672020]).

FIG. 4. — Holotype of Scrophularia moniliformis Pennell (Qazilbash s.n., PH00022890).