Exocarpocoris, WEIRAUCH, 2007

WEIRAUCH, CHRISTIANE, 2007, Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Polyozus Group of Australian Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae), American Museum Novitates 3590, pp. 1-64 : 18-43

Exocarpocoris , new genus figures 1 , 3–8 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 16 , 18–20

TYPE SPECIES: Exocarpocoris tantulus , new species.

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized among Phylini by the small to moderate size (2.07–2.94), ovoid and stout or elongate ovoid body, combination of cream, yellow, and brown coloration or a yellow and brown color pattern, with distal part of corium and clavus brown or dark brown, resulting in crescent-shaped dark mark, mixture of suberect dark and subadpressed, flattened, silvery setae, and characters of the male genitalia, that is, the J-shaped, large vesica, with dorsal apical process at right angle to body of vesica and ventral apical almost straight, dorsal apical process either slender, elongate, and tapering or short and truncate, with or without squarish or triangular process, ventral apical process slen- der, connected to ventral sclerotized strap of vesica, secondary gonopore just distal to middle of vesica, facing caudad and slightly left, process arising from proximal margin of secondary gonopore varying from moderate length to very long, laterally flattened and broad, bent or coiled, sometimes coiling around ventral apical process, its broad base arising just ventral to secondary gonopore. Among Australian Phylini , similar to Polyozus and Ancoraphylus , with respect to the type of vestiture, and characters of the male (e.g., shape of vesica, presence of process arising close to secondary gonopore) and female genitalia (ornamentation of posterior wall and dorsal labiate plate). Distinguished from these genera by the usually yellow, brown, and cream coloration, dark U-shaped mark on the distal part of the corium, the white cuneus, and characters of the male genitalia such as the flattened and broad process arising from the left strap of the vesica.

DESCRIPTION: Male: Macropterous, small, ovoid or elongate ovate, total length 2.40– 2.94, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.49–1.98, width across pronotum 0.92–1.20. COLORATION ( fig. 1 ): General coloration yellow or orange, white, sometimes with brown or light brown suffusion. Head: Yellow or white, mandibular and maxillary plates, gena, and gula often paler than remaining head and with greenish tinge. Antennal segments pale yellowish, gradually infuscate toward apex starting apically on segment 2. Labium pale yellow, last segment moderately or strongly infuscate. Thorax: Pronotum, mesonotum, and scutellum either yellow or pale yellow, sometimes with whitish marks with green tinge, or whitish with green tinge with orange marks. Pleura yellow, pale yellow, or whitish with orange and green marks, evaporatorium pale yellow or whitish. Legs: Yellow or pale yellow, tibiae distally and tarsi slightly suffused, femora uniformly pale or with few small light brown spots in distal third of all femora or in distal third of meso- and metafemur and in distal half of metafemur, tibial spines dark with dark or pale bases. Hemelytra: Corium including clavus yellow, pale yellow, or whitish, with distal part of corium and clavus brown or suffused with brown, resulting in crescent-shaped mark, cuneus white, membrane brown with white marks and with white veins. Abdomen: Abdomen including pygophore either uniformly yellow or pale yellow with green tinge or whitish with transverse brown and orange bands and pygophore whitish with orange marks. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum weakly shining, vestiture comprising dark suberect simple setae and flattened, subadpressed silvery setae, with oblique ridges ( fig. 4B ). STRUCTURE: Head: Small or of moderate size, broad or very broad, with vertex 1.5–2.0 times as wide as eye, anteocular area short and almost vertical or of moderate length, clypeus slightly, distinctly, or strongly produced. Eye small to moderate ( fig. 3C ), about one-half to three-fourths of height of head, anterior margin slightly or not emarginate to accommodate antennal fossa, posterolateral margin contiguous with anterolateral margin of pronotum. Antennal fossa either removed from anteroventral margin of eye by about diameter of antennal segment 1 or adjacent to fossa. Antennal segment 1 slender and short, ranging from not reaching to slightly surpassing apex of head, segment 2 of moderate length, slender, diameter slightly increasing toward apex, segments 3 and 4 slender, segment 3 longer than segment 4. Labium slender, length variable, apex either only reaching base of mesocoxa or base of metacoxa. Thorax: Pronotum wider than long or much wider than long, anterior margin almost straight, lateral margins gently sloping, posterior margin almost straight, anterior and posterior lobes not distinct, calli weakly demarcated, scutellum equilateral; evaporatory area of metathoracic gland as in figure 3D . Legs: Either moderately stout and short or slender and moderately long. Claws ( fig. 5B ) small and slender, with pulvilli almost covering entire ventral surface of claw, or long and slender, with pulvilli covering no more than proximal half, parempodia setiform. Hemelytra: Costal margin straight or slightly convex; cuneus broadly triangular. Abdomen: Either very stout or slender, reaching to about apex of cuneus. GENITALIA: Pygophore ( figs. 6C ): Either very large and broad, taking up about one half of abdomen, or of moderate size taking up about one-third of abdomen. Parameres: Right paramere ( fig. 7 ) short and broad or more broadly lanceolate, apex acuminate; left paramere ( fig. 6D, E ) large or of moderate size, anterior process short and stout, posterior process of moderate length, gradually tapering, straight, or slightly bent ventrad in lateral view, paramere body elongate, extended into more or less distinct, almost horizontal lobe. Phallotheca ( figs. 6D , 10 ): Of phyline type, large or of moderate size, external portion tubular, only slightly tapering toward blunt apex, smooth or with low flange dorsally on anterior or posterior surface; opening ventral, slitlike. Vesica ( fig. 12 ): J-shaped, large or of moderate size, body stout or slender, with long or moderately long dorsal and ventral apical processes forming roughly anchor-shaped apex; dorsal apical process either slender, elongate, and tapering or short and truncate, with or without squarish or triangular process; ventral apical process slender, connected to ventral sclerotized strap of vesica; secondary gonopore just distal to middle of vesica, facing caudad and slightly left; process arising from proximal margin of secondary gonopore varying from moderate length to very long, laterally flattened and broad, bent or coiled, sometimes coiling around ventral apical process, base of process broad, arising just ventral to secondary gonopore.

Female: Limited sexual dimorphism, same coloration and only slightly longer and wider than male. Female genitalia with posterior wall with fields of spicules and paired posterior processes, and dorsal labiate plate with paired areas with microtrichia ( fig. 14 ).

ETYMOLOGY: Named for the host plant of the three known species, Exocarpos Labill. , combined with Greek ‘‘korios’’, meaning ‘‘bug’’; masculine.

HOST: The three known species breed on Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) based on several collecting events.

DISCUSSION: Species of this genus appear to be closely associated with their common host plant Exocarpos aphyllus (assuming that the few records of E. aurum and E. praegracilis on Melaleuca unciniata are sitting rather than breeding hosts). Even though about 10 species of Exocarpos occur in Australia, and some of these were sampled during the Schuh and Cassis collecting trips, Exocarpocoris was recorded only from one of these species. Exocarpocoris aurum and E. tantulus do not only share the same species of host plant and have broadly overlapping distributions, but they are also frequently collected during the same collecting event (i.e., they also have overlapping phenology).

Species of this genus are somewhat greenish in life, but the color is fading when they are killed and dried.

KEY TO SPECIES OF EXOCARPOCORIS

1. Slender ovoid body, narrow vertex, distinct color pattern of body consisting of cream, yellow, and brown ( fig. 1 ; E. praegracilis ); vesica with dorsal apical process truncate and process arising from proximal margin of secondary gonopore of moderate length ( fig. 12 ; E. praegracilis )............................... E. praegracilis , n.sp.

– Ovoid body, broad vertex, coloration of body either pale brown and orange, distal area of corium brown, cuneus pale or distinct color pattern consisting of cream, yellow, and brown ( fig. 1 ; E. aurum , E. tantulus ); vesica with dorsal apical process elongate and slender, process arising from proximal margin of secondary gonopore long ( fig. 12 ; E. aurum , E. tantulus )................. 2

2. Of moderate size (2.40–2.85), coloration yellow and pale brown ( fig. 1 ; E. aurum ); vesica with dorsal apical process without dorsal appendage and process arising from area of secondary gonopore very long, but not coiling around the ventral apical process ( fig. 12 ; E. aurum )............... E. aurum , n.sp.

– Small (2.07–2.37), distinct color pattern consisting of cream, yellow, and brown ( fig. 1 ; E. tantulus ); vesica with dorsal apical process with dorsal squarish appendage and process arising from area of secondary gonopore very long, often coiling around the ventral apical process ( fig. 12 ; E. tantulus ).............................. E. tantulus , n.sp.

Exocarpocoris aurum , new species figures 1 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 16 , 18–20

HOLOTYPE: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 5 km SW of Whyalla, 33.05085 ° S 137.5004 ° E, 30 m, 21 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05056209, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00137581) ( AM).

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the moderate size (2.40–2.85), ovoid body, and broad head, pale brown and yellow coloration, distal area of corium brown, cuneus pale, and characters of the male genitalia, that is, the large vesica with anchor-shaped apex with dorsal apical process tubular, coiled, without appendage, ventral apical process elongate, almost straight, bent at tip, connected to sclerotized strap of vesical body, ventral process arising close to gonopore very long, broad, and laterally flattened, apex with irregular protuberances. Body shape most similar to E. tantulus , but distinguished by the different coloration ( fig. 1 ), larger size, and characters of the male vesica, that is, the much shorter process arising close to the secondary gonopore in E. aurum ( fig. 12 ).

DESCRIPTION: Male: Macropterous, small, ovoid; total length 2.40–2.85, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.69–1.94, width across pronotum 1.10–1.20. COLORATION ( fig. 1 ): General color yellow and white, often with light brown suffusion. Head: Yellow, vertex with whitish mark median to inner margin of eye, maxillary, mandibular plates, and gena light yellow, buccula, and gula almost white, and slightly tinged green. Labium pale yellow, last segment strongly infuscate. Thorax: Pronotum yellow with calli and posterior margin sometimes paler, whitish with green tinge, mesonotum and scutellum yellow with median area whitish. Pleura yellow, margins of propleuron, mesepisternum, and mesepimeron somewhat paler, evaporatorium very pale, almost white. Legs: Yellow, tibiae distally and tarsi slightly suffused, with few small light brown spots in distal third of all femora, tibial spines dark with dark bases. Hemelytra: Corium including clavus yellow, exocorium, distal parts of endocorium, and clavus distinctly suffused with brown, resulting in faint, crescent-shaped mark, cuneus white, membrane brown, usually with two white patches on anterior margin of hemelytron adjacent to cuneus, white mark distal to apex of posterior cell, and a white mark distal to clavus, veins white. Abdomen including pygophore: Yellow, sometimes with the basal segments more intensely yellow or orange and segments 8 and 9 whitish with green tinge. STRUCTURE: Head: Of moderate size, very broadly triangular in dorsal aspect, vertex about twice as wide as eye, anteocular area short, almost vertical, clypeus slightly produced, maxillary plate sunken, eye small, only a little more than half of height of head, not emarginate since antennal fossa removed from eye. Antenna with antennal fossa removed from anterior ventral margin of eye by about diameter of antennal segment 1. Antennal segment 1 slender and short, barely reaching apex of head. Labium slender, apex of labium barely surpassing base of mesocoxa. Thorax: Pronotum much wider than long. Legs: Moderately stout and short. Claws long and slender, pulvilli covering no more than proximal half of ventral surface of claw. Hemelytra: Slightly convex, cuneus triangular. Abdomen: Very stout, reaching to about apex of cuneus. GENITALIA: Pygophore: Very large and broad, taking up almost half of abdomen. Parameres: Right paramere broad ( fig. 7 ); left paramere large, with posterior process straight and with tapering apex, body with large horizontal lobe ( fig. 8 ). Phallotheca ( fig. 10 ): Large, smooth. Vesica ( fig. 12 ): Large, body slender, with long dorsal and ventral apical processes; dorsal apical process slender and tapering; process arising from proximal margin of secondary gonopore long.

Female: Coloration similar to male, slightly longer and stouter. Total length 2.83–2.98, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.95–2.07, width across pronotum 1.16–1.23.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for the golden yellow coloration, after Latin ‘‘aurum, -i’’ (n.) meaning gold or anything made of gold.

HOST (appendix 1): The vast majority of specimens were recorded from Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) .

DISTRIBUTION: The range of distribution extends from South Australia to the south of Western Australia ( fig. 16 ) .

DISCUSSION: Exocarpocoris aurum is closely related to E. tantulus but is distinguished by the more yellowish coloration, larger size, and characters of the male genitalia. The two species are known to occur on the same host plant and are sympatric over most of their distribution.

PARATYPES: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 20 km W of Nepabunna, Mt. Serle, 30. 55365 ° S 138.8304 ° E, 630 m, 07 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. Royal Bot Gard. NSW 427339, 83 (AMNH_PBI 00088250–0008 8257), 10♀ (AMNH_PBI 00088258–000- 88267) (AM). Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. Royal Bot Gard. NSW 427339, 43 (AMNH_PBI 00130315–00130- 318), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00130321–00130323, AMNH_PBI 00130325) (AMNH). 41.5 km NW of Morgan, 33.63335 ° S 139.9167 ° E, 150 m, 01 Nov 1995, Schuh, Cassis, and Gross, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. B.M. Wiecek 1996 NSW 395968, 43 (AMNH_PBI 00088277, AMNH_ PBI 00088278, AMNH_PBI 00088282, AMNH_PBI 00088283), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00088297) (AM). Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. B.M. Wiecek 1996 NSW 395968, 123 (AMNH_PBI 00132473–0013- 2481, AMNH_PBI 00132483–00132485), 20♀ (AMNH_PBI 00132487–00132497, AMNH_ PBI 00132499–00132501, AMNH_PBI 0013- 2504–00132506, AMNH_PBI 00132508–0013- 2510) (AMNH). 5 km SW of Whyalla, 33.05085 ° S 137.5004 ° E, 30 m, 21 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05056209, 143 (AMNH_PBI 00088268, AMNH_PBI 00088269, AMNH_PBI 00088298–00088- 309), 12♀ (AMNH_PBI 00088270–00088275, AMNH_PBI 00088314–00088319), 2 immatures (AMNH_PBI 00088312, AMNH_PBI 00088313) (AM). Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05056209, 93 (AMNH_PBI 00137579, AMNH_PBI 00137580, AMNH_PBI 00137582–00137- 588), 9♀ (AMNH_PBI 00137589–00137597) (AMNH). Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05056209, 23 (AMNH_PBI 00088310, AMNH_PBI 000- 88311), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00088320, AMNH_ PBI 00088321) (WAMP). 75 km NW of Morgan, 5 km N Cane Grass, 33.53334 ° S 140.05 ° E, 100 m, 02 Nov 1995, Schuh, Cassis, and Gross, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. B.M. Wiecek NSW 395968, 83 (AMNH_PBI 00088196, AMNH_PBI 00088276, AMNH_PBI 00088279–00088- 281, AMNH_PBI 00088284–00088286), 10♀ (AMNH_PBI 00088287–00088296) (AM). 8.8 km S of Oakbank, 33.11264 ° S 140. 5524 ° E, 100 m, 08 Nov 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Exocarpos aphyllus (Santalaceae) , 13 (AMNH_PBI 00137574) (AMNH). 96 km NW of Morgan, Pine Valley Stn, 33.31667 ° S 140.2 ° E, 150 m, 02 Nov 1995, Schuh, Cassis, and Gross, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. B.M. Wiecek 1995 NSW 395- 968, 583 (AMNH_PBI 00132368–00132370, AMNH_PBI 00132321, AMNH_PBI 001- 32324, AMNH_PBI 00132328–00132333, AMNH_PBI 00132335, AMNH_PBI 0013- 2337–00132341, AMNH_PBI 00132343–001- 32347, AMNH_PBI 00132349, AMNH_PBI 00132350, AMNH_PBI 00132357–00132367, AMNH_PBI 00132371–00132393), 72♀ (AMNH_PBI 00132394–00132398, AMNH_ PBI 00132400–00132423, AMNH_PBI 0013- 2426–00132443, AMNH_PBI 00132446–001- 32467, AMNH_PBI 00132469, AMNH_ PBI 00132470, AMNH_PBI 00132472) (AMNH). Mt Serle district (near Gammon Ranges National Park), 30.55001 ° S 138. 837 ° E, 567 m, 08 Nov 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. NSW staff NSW666360, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00097182), 1♀ (AMNH_ PBI 00097183) (AMNH). Victoria: Murray Sunset National Park, Lost Hope Track, 34.79166 ° S 141.8357 ° E, 55 m, 03 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. Field ID, 233 (AMNH_PBI 00194442–00194464), 29♀ (AMNH_PBI 00194465–00194493) (AMNH). Western Australia: 55.6 km SE of Southern Cross, 31.58895 ° S 119.5926 ° E, 470 m, 04 Dec 1997, Schuh, Cassis, Brailovsky, Asquith, Melaleuca uncinata R. Br. (Myrtaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05055989, 93 (AMNH_PBI 00088202–00088210), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 000- 88214–00088216), 1 immature (AMNH_ PBI 00088211) (AM). Melaleuca uncinata R. Br. (Myrtaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05055989, 23 (AMNH_PBI 00088200, AMNH_PBI 00088201), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00088212, AMNH_PBI 00088213) (WAMP). Eneabba on Brand Highway, 29.80735 ° S 115.2699 ° E, 100 m, 31 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Exocarpos sp. (Santalaceae) , 43 (AMNH_ PBI 00089793, AMNH_PBI 00089795–000- 89797), 11♀ (AMNH_PBI 00089798–000- 89803, AMNH_PBI 00089805, AMNH_PBI 00089807–00089810) (AM). Moorine Rocks, 11.7 km N of Great Eastern Highway on

Noongar Road, 31.22843 ° S 118.979 ° E, 345 m, 04 Dec 1997, Schuh, Cassis, Brailovsky, Asquith, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05056020, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00089972) (AM). ca 35 km S of Menzies, 29.96214 ° S 121.1323 ° E, 600 m, 24 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05056136 Host 96-44, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00135803) (AMNH).

Exocarpocoris praegracilis , new species figures 1 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 16 , 18–20

HOLOTYPE: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 55.6 km SE of Southern Cross, 31.58895 ° S 119.5926 ° E, 470 m, 04 Dec 1997, Schuh, Cassis, Brailovsky, Asquith, Melaleuca uncinata R. Br. (Myrtaceae) , det.

PERTH staff 05055989, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00087139) ( WAMP).

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the moderate size, slender ovoid body, and narrow vertex, distinct color pattern consisting of cream, yellow, and brown, with distal area of corium dark brown, and characters of the male genitalia, such as the moderate-sized vesica, dorsal and ventral apical processes of moderate length, dorsal apical process truncate, with small triangular process, process arising from proximal margin of secondary gonopore of moderate length. Color pattern most similar to E. tantulus but distinguished by the different body shape and characters of the male genitalia.

DESCRIPTION: Male: Macropterous, small, elongate ovate, total length 2.85–2.94, apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.87–1.98, width across pronotum 1.01–1.07. COLORATION ( fig. 1 ): General coloration yellow, white, and brown. Head: Yellow, with maxillary and mandibular plates, gena, and buccula very pale yellow. Labium pale yellow, last segment strongly infuscate. Thorax: Pronotum, mesonotum, and scutellum pale yellow, with anterior margin of pronotum whitish. Pleura uniformly pale yellow. Legs: Pale yellow, tibiae distally and tarsi slightly suffused, with tibial spines dark, bases pale. Hemelytra: Corium pale yellow with distal part of endocorium and clavus brown, resulting in crescent-shaped brown mark, cuneus whitish, membrane light brown with two whitish or transparent patches on anterior margin of hemelytron distal to cuneus, whitish mark distal to clavus, veins white. Abdomen: Including pygophore pale yellow with green tinge. STRUCTURE: Head: Small, with head broadly triangular in dorsal aspect, vertex about 1.5 times as wide as eye, anteocular area of moderate length, clypeus strongly produced, maxillary plate sunken; eye of moderate size, extending over three-fourths height of head, slightly emarginate at antennal fossa; antennal fossa adjacent to anteroventral margin of eye. Antennal segment 1 slender and short, barely surpassing apex of head. Labium slender, apex of labium not reaching base of mesocoxa. Thorax: Pronotum wider than long. Legs: Slender and moderately long. Claws long and slender, pulvilli covering no more than proximal half of ventral surface of claw. Hemelytra: Almost parallel-sided, cuneus triangular. Abdomen: Slender, reaching to about apex of cuneus. GENITALIA: Pygophore: Of moderate size, occupying about one-third of abdomen, gradually tapering. Parameres: Right paramere, broadly lanceolate ( fig. 7 ); left paramere of moderate size, posterior process slightly bent ventrad in lateral view, body only moderately extended horizontally ( fig. 8 ). Phallotheca ( fig. 10 ): Of moderate size, with finely serrate lobe on posterior surface. Vesica ( fig. 12 ): Of moderate size, dorsal and ventral apical processes of moderate length; dorsal apical process truncate, with small triangular process; process arising from proximal margin of secondary gonopore of moderate length.

Female: Unknown.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for the comparatively slender body among species of Exocarpocoris , after Latin adjective ‘‘praegracilis, -e’’ meaning very slender.

HOST (appendix 1): Four of the five specimens were collected on Exocarpocoris aphyllus , and one specimen on Melaleuca unciniata . This last specimen was chosen as the holotype because of its condition compared to other specimens examined. The host record for this specimen is here considered a sitting record rather than a breeding host .

DISTRIBUTION: Known from three localities in the south of Western Australia ( fig. 16 ).

DISCUSSION: Exocarpocoris praegracilis lacks the characteristic ovoid body shape, wide vertex, and wide pronotum, as well as the small eyes of the two other species of Exocarpocoris and is treated as the sister species of E. aurum + E. tantulus in the cladistic analyses ( figs. 18 , 19 ). The general structure of the male genitalia together with the color pattern on the hemelytron and the shared host plant justify the placement of this species in the genus Exocarpocoris .

PARATYPES: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Moorine Rocks, 11.7 km N of Great Eastern Highway on Noongar Road, 31.22843 ° S 118.979 ° E, 345 m, 04 Dec 1997, Schuh, Cassis, Brailovsky, Asquith, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05056020, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00089957) (WAMP). ca 35 km S of Menzies, 29.96214 ° S 121.1323 ° E, 600 m, 24 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05056136, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00088322) (AM). Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05056136, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00135788) (AMNH). Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05056136, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00135794) (WAMP).

Exocarpocoris tantulus , new species figures 1 , 3–8 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 16 , 18–20

HOLOTYPE: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 96 km NW of Morgan, Pine Valley Stn, 33.31667 ° S 140.2 ° E, 150 m, 02 Nov 1995, Schuh, Cassis, and Gross, Exocarpos aphyllus (Santalaceae) , det. B.M. Wiecek NSW 395968, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00132322) ( AM).

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the small size, ovoid body, and broad head, distinct color pattern consisting of cream, yellow, and brown, with distal area of corium dark brown. Further characterized by the large vesica with the dorsal and ventral apical processes long and slender, the dorsal apical process with a squarish process, and the process arising from proximal margin of secondary gonopore very long, sometimes coiling around ventral apical process. Body shape most similar to E. aurum but distinguished by the different size and coloration.

DESCRIPTION: Male: Macropterous, small, ovoid, total length 2.07–2.37, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.49–1.59, width across pronotum 0.92–1.04. COLORATION ( fig. 1 ): General coloration yellow, white, and brown. Head: Whitish with green tinge with several orange lines, one at midline, and several transverse lines on vertex, base of mandibular and maxillary plates, fasciae orange, gena and gula suffused with greenish coloration. Labium pale yellow, last segment infuscate. Thorax: Pronotum whitish with green tinge and two irregular paired orange patches on posterior lobe, mesonotum orange with whitish midline, scutellum whitish with green tinge, base with paired orange patches. Propleuron whitish with green dorsal margin and central orange spot, mesopleuron whitish and orange, metapleuron whitish with central orange spot, evaporatorium whitish. Legs: Pale yellow, tibiae distally and tarsi slightly suffused, with few small light brown spots in distal third of pro- and mesofemora and distal half of metafemur, tibial spines dark with dark bases. Hemelytra: Corium whitish and yellow with distal half of clavus, distal two-thirds of endocorium (with the exception of white distal mark), and distal fourth of exocorium dark brown, resulting in crescent-shaped dark mark, cuneus white, membrane brown with two white patches on anterior margin of hemelytron distal to apex of cuneus, one mark distal to apex of posterior cell, and a white mark distal to clavus, veins white. Abdomen: Whitish with transverse yellow and brown, sometimes also green marks, pygophore whitish with yellow marks. STRUCTURE: Head: Of moderate size, very broadly triangular in dorsal aspect, vertex about twice as wide as eye, anteocular area short, almost vertical, clypeus produced, eye small ( fig. 3C ), only a little more than half of height of head, not emarginate since antennal fossa removed from eye. Antenna with antennal fossa removed from anterior ventral margin of eye by about diameter of antennal segment 1. Antennal segment 1 slender and short, not reaching apex of head. Labium slender, apex of labium reaching base of metacoxa. Thorax: Pronotum much wider than long; evaporatory area of metathoracic gland as in figure 3D . Legs: Moderately stout and short. Claws small and slender, pulvilli almost covering entire ventral surface of claw. Hemelytra: Slightly convex, cuneus triangular. Abdomen: Very stout, reaching to about apex of cuneus. GENITALIA: Pygophore ( fig. 6C ): Very large and broad, taking up almost half of abdomen. Parameres: Right paramere broad ( fig. 7 ); left paramere large, with posterior process slightly bent ventrad and with truncate apex, body with large horizontal lobe ( figs. 6D, E , 8 ). Phallotheca ( figs. 6D , 10 ): Large, with serrate lobe in anteroventral position, close to opening. Vesica ( fig. 12 ): Large, body stout, dorsal and ventral apical processes long and slender; dorsal apical process slender and tapering, with squarish process; process arising from proximal margin of secondary gonopore very long, sometimes coiling around ventral apical process.

Female: Coloration similar to male, slightly longer than male. Total length 2.41–2.54, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.62– 1.74, width across pronotum 0.95–1.05.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for its comparatively small size compared to E. aurum and E. praegracilis , after Latin adjective ‘‘tantulus, - a, -um’’ meaning so small.

HOST (appendix 1): Recorded from Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) .

DISTRIBUTION: Ranges from South Australia to the Shark Bay area of Western Australia. Its distribution extends farther north than the distribution of E. aurum ( fig. 16 ) .

DISCUSSION: Exocarpocoris tantulus is closely related to E. aurum ( figs. 18 , 19 ) but is distinguished from its sister species by the more distinct color pattern, smaller size, and structures of the male genitalia.

PARATYPES: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 20 km W of Nepabunna, Mt. Serle, 30.55365 ° S 138.8304 ° E, 630 m, 07 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. Royal Bot Gard. NSW 427339, 23 (AMNH_PBI 00088189, AMNH_ PBI 00088190), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00088191– 00088194) (AM). Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. Royal Bot Gard. NSW 427339, 23 (AMNH_PBI 00130314, AMNH_ PBI 00130319), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00130320, AMNH_PBI 00130324, AMNH_PBI 0013 0326) (AMNH). 41.5 km NW of Morgan, 33.63335 ° S 139.9167 ° E, 150 m, 01 Nov 1995, Schuh, Cassis, and Gross, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. B.M. Wiecek 1996 NSW 395968, 23 (AMNH_PBI 00132482, AMNH_PBI 00132486), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00132498, AMNH_PBI 00132502, AMNH_ PBI 00132503, AMNH_PBI 00132507) (AMNH). 75 km NW of Morgan, 5 km N Cane Grass, 33.53334 ° S 140.05 ° E, 100 m, 02 Nov 1995, Schuh, Cassis, and Gross, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. B.M. Wiecek NSW 395968, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00088195), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00088197–000- 88199) (AM). 8.8 km S of Oakbank, 33. 11264 ° S 140.5524 ° E, 100 m, 08 Nov 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Exocarpos sp. (Santalaceae) , 23 (AMNH_PBI 00137573, AMNH_ PBI 00089794), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00089804, AMNH_PBI 00089806, AMNH_PBI 0008 9811, AMNH_PBI 00137575–00137577) (AM). 96 km NW of Morgan, Pine Valley Stn, 33.31667 ° S 140.2 ° E, 150 m, 02 Nov 1995, Schuh, Cassis, and Gross, Exocarpos aphyllus (Santalaceae) , det. B.M. Wiecek NSW 395968, 113 (AMNH_PBI 00132323, AMNH_PBI 00132325–00132327, AMNH_PBI 00132334, AMNH_PBI 00132336, AMNH_PBI 0013 2342, AMNH_PBI 00132348, AMNH_PBI 00132351–00132353), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 0013 2399, AMNH_PBI 00132444) (AMNH). Exocarpos aphyllus (Santalaceae) , det. B.M. Wiecek NSW 395968, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00132356), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00132471) (CNC). Exocarpos aphyllus (Santalaceae) , det. B.M. Wiecek NSW 395968, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00132355), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00132468) (USNM). Exocarpos aphyllus (Santalaceae) , det. B.M. Wiecek NSW 395968, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00132354), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00132445) (ZISP). Victoria: Murray Sunset National Park, Lost Hope Track, 34.79166 ° S 141.8357 ° E, 55 m, 03 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. Field ID, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00194441) (AMNH). Western Australia: 11 km N of Coolgardie-Esperance Highway on Kambalda Road, 31.25231 ° S 121.5899 ° E, 320 m, 18 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05670675, 43 (AMNH_PBI 00088183–00088186), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00088187, AMNH_PBI 000- 88188) (AMNH). 24 km SE of jct of Manga Rd and Shark Bay Rd, Shark Bay World Heritage Area, 26.39014 ° S 114.0094 ° E, 60 m, 26 Oct 2004, Cassis, Wall, Weirauch, Symonds, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. Field ID, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00088492), 7♀ (AMNH_PBI 00088493–000- 88499) (AM). 43 km N of Norseman, 31.85648 ° S 121.6414 ° E, 300 m, 19 Nov 1999, R. T. Schuh, G. Cassis, & R. Silveira, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05670675, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00- 087322), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00087323) (AM). Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05670675, 33 (AMNH_PBI 00088217–00088219), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 000- 88220, AMNH_PBI 00088221) (AMNH). 89.2 km N of jct of Agana Kilabarra Rd and Brand Highway, on Brand Highway, 27. 18877 ° S 114.6159 ° E, 178 m, 24 Oct 2004, Cassis, Wall, Weirauch, Symonds, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. PERTH 6989837, 23 (AMNH_PBI 00090605, AMNH_PBI 00090606), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00090607–00090610) (AM). Exmouth (waste area behind sand-dune), Truscott Crescent (opposite Pony Club), 21.94606 ° S 114. 1358 ° E, 10 m, 31 Oct 2004, Cassis, Wall, Weirauch, Tatarnic, Symonds, Exocarpos sp. (Santalaceae) , 13 (AMNH_PBI 00090598), 6♀ (AMNH_PBI 00090599–00090604) (AM). Moorine Rocks, 11.7 km N of Great Eastern Highway on Noongar Road, 31.22843 ° S 118.979 ° E, 345 m, 04 Dec 1997, Schuh, Cassis, Brailovsky, Asquith, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05056020, 143 (AMNH_PBI 00088222–000- 88229, AMNH_PBI 00089956, AMNH_ PBI 00089958–00089962), 22♀ (AMNH_PBI 00088234–00088248, AMNH_PBI 00089967, AMNH_PBI 00089969–00089971, AMNH_ PBI 00089973–00089975), 8 immatures (AMNH_PBI 00088231–00088233, AMNH_ PBI 00089963–00089966, AMNH_PBI 0008 9968) (AM). Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05056020, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00088230), 1♀ (AMNH_ PBI 00088249) (WAMP). ca 35 km S of Menzies, 29.96214 ° S 121.1323 ° E, 600 m, 24 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05056136, 163 (AMNH_PBI 00135784– 00135787, AMNH_PBI 00135789–00135799, AMNH_PBI 00135801), 5♀ (AMNH_PBI 00135806–00135810), 1 immature (AMNH_ PBI 00135802) (AM). Exocarpos aphyllus R. Br. (Santalaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05056136, 33 (AMNH_PBI 00135782, AMNH_PBI 00135783, AMNH_PBI 00135800), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00135804, AMNH_PBI 0013 5805) (WAMP).

Polyozus, Eyles and Schuh, 2003 figures 1–7 , 9 , 11–14 , 17–20

Polyozus Eyles and Schuh, 2003: 302–304 .

TYPE SPECIES: Polyozus galbanus Eyles and Schuh, 2003 .

REVISED DIAGNOSIS: Recognized among Phylini by the small, elongate ovoid to large and elongate body, uniformly yellowish green, reddish brown, or brown, light green and orange coloration, mixture of suberect dark and subadpressed, flattened, silvery setae, large eyes, and characters of the male genitalia, most notably the J-shaped vesica, with dorsal and ventral apical processes forming anchor-shaped apex and additional median apical process in shape of tree or fork, secondary gonopore distal to middle of vesica, facing caudad, slender, short, straight process arising from proximal margin of secondary gonopore, usually bent left. Among Australian Phylini , similar to Ancoraphylus , n.gen. and Exocarpocoris , n.gen. in type of vestiture and in characters of the male (e.g., shape of vesica, presence of process arising close to secondary gonopore) and female genitalia (ornamentation of posterior wall and dorsal labiate plate), but distinguished by size, shape, and coloration as well as characters of the male genitalia given above.

REVISED DESCRIPTION: Male: Macropterous, small to large, elongate and slender, moderately elongate ovate, or ovoid and stout, total length 2.40–4.44, length apex clypeus– cuneal fracture 1.58–2.83, width across pronotum 0.84–1.27. COLORATION ( figs. 1 , 2 ): Overall coloration either rather uniformly pale green, brownish green, or pale yellowish green, sometimes with orange tinge, light brown with red tinge, or brown, with green pronotum, orange mesonotum, and orange or green scutellum. Head: Either uniformly greenish yellow or brownish green or vertex dark with clypeus, mandibular and maxillary plates, gena, and gula pale reddish brown, or head pale with red marks. Antenna usually pale, infuscate toward apex, segment 1 with or without subbasal dark ring. Labium generally pale, infuscate toward apex. Thorax: Pronotum, mesonotum, and scutellum either rather uniformly pale green or pale orange, or light brown with red suffusion, or pronotum pale green, with mesonotum orange, and scutellum pale green or orange. Pleura usually rather uniformly pale green or orange, sometimes pale with red suffusion, or pale green and dark brown or orange. Legs: Usually uniformly pale with tarsi infuscate, small dark spots on femora, and tibial spines dark with dark bases. Hemelytra: Corium including cuneus either uniformly pale green or brown, sometimes with orange tinge, or corium and cuneus brown and proximally with pale area, or cuneus entirely pale. Abdomen: Usually pale with green or yellow tinge, pygophore with dorsal surface either pale or dark brown. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum weakly shining and with two types of setae: simple, semierect or erect, dark, and flattened, subadpressed, silvery setae in variable relative abundance, subadpressed setae with oblique ridges ( fig. 4C–F ). STRUCTURE: Head: Triangular or very short triangular in dorsal aspect with clypeus either indistinctly produced, slightly produced, or prominent, width of vertex variable, about as wide as one eye, slightly wider, or not as wide as one eye, clypeus slightly produced, mandibular plate not produced, maxillary plate large and either slightly or not sunken. Eye large or relatively large, as high as head or almost as high, emarginate posterior to fossa, posterolateral margin contiguous with anterolateral margins of pronotum. Antennal insertion contiguous with anterior margin of eye, segment 1 slender, moderately slender or very stout, surpassing or not reaching apex of head, segment 2 long and slender, moderately long and slender, or short and stout, diameter slightly increased toward apex or strongly tapering at both ends, segment 3 longer than segment 4. Labium slender, of variable length. Thorax: Pronotum either distinctly or only slightly wider than long, anterior margin slightly or very weakly sinuate, lateral margins almost straight, posterior margin straight, anterior and posterior lobes not demarcated, calli obsolete. Legs: Slender, claws ( fig. 5C–F ) slender and long or of moderate length and stoutness, pulvilli small or of moderate size, parempodia setiform. Hemelytra: Almost parallel, slightly convex, or convex, cuneus elongate triangular or triangular. Abdomen: Short, either slender or stout. GENITALIA: Pygophore ( fig. 6F ): Of moderate size, tapering. Parameres: Right paramere ( figs. 6G , 7 ) short and broadly lanceolate, apex short, with subapical notch on anterior surface; left paramere ( figs. 6G , 9 ) with anterior process short or of medium length and slender or moderately stout, posterior process short or long, slender, bent ventrad and truncate at apex, body with short or large horizontal lobe. Phallotheca ( figs. 6G , 11 ): External portion tubular or irregularly tubular, tapering or only slightly tapering toward apex, anterior surface basally with shallow or large horizontal flange, distinctly serrate subapical lobe present or absent, posterior surface smooth or with weakly serrate very shallow flange, opening ventral, slitlike at base and extended toward apex or short and elongate ovate. Vesica ( figs. 12 , 13 ): J-shaped, of variable size, with dorsal and ventral apical processes forming anchor-shaped apex and additional median apical process in shape of tree or fork; dorsal apical process either truncate and fan-shaped, slender and elongate, blade-shaped, and with entire or serrate margin, and with or without squarish or triangular process on ventral surface of dorsal apical blade; ventral apical process long and slender, either connected to ventral sclerotized strap of vesica or separated by membrane; secondary gonopore distal to middle of vesica, facing caudad; slender, short, straight process arising from proximal margin of secondary gonopore, usually bent left.

Female: Often somewhat smaller and more ovoid than the male, coloration lighter than or very similar to male, sexual dimorphism weak (e.g., P. bulita ) to strong (e.g., P. galbanus ). All species with posterior wall with fields of spicules and paired posterior processes, and dorsal labiate plate with paired areas with microtrichia ( fig. 14 ).

DISCUSSION: Polyozus Eyles and Schuh, 2003 was described as a monotypic genus from New Zealand with P. galbanus as the type species. Eyles and Schuh (2003) listed Acacia dealbata and A. baileyana as its hosts, but also included one record from Olearia ilicifolia and one from hemlock; both are here regarded as sitting hosts. The authors did not mention that the two species of Acacia were introduced to New Zealand from Australia in the nineteenth century, with their original distribution being southeastern Australia ( Webb, 1980). The presence of Polyozus galbanus in Australia, recorded herein, is therefore not surprising. In addition, Melanotrichus australianus Carvalho, 1965 is transferred to Polyozus (and with this from Orthotylinae to Phylinae ), and seven new species of Polyozus from Australia are described.

KEY TO SPECIES OF POLYOZUS

1. Body ovoid, reddish brown ( fig. 1 , P. bulita )...................... P. bulita , n.sp.

– Body elongate ovoid or elongate, rather uniformly pale green or pale orange, or pronotum pale green, with mesonotum orange, and scutellum pale green or orange ( figs. 1 , 2 ; e.g., P. australianus , P. mina )......... 2

2. Uniformly pale green, sometimes with orange suffusion ( fig. 2 ; e.g., P. furcilla , P. kojonup )............................ 3

– More varied coloration, with at least part of hemelytron suffused with brown ( figs. 1 , 2 ; e.g., P. australianus , P. mina )......... 6

3. Size small to moderate (2.37–2.88) ( fig. 2 ; P. furcilla , P. tridens )................. 4

– Size large to very large (3.45–4.44) ( fig. 2 ; P. kojonup )........................ 5

4. Vesica with only one small tooth in apical half of median apical process ( fig. 12 ; P. furcilla ).................... P. furcilla , n.sp.

– Vesica with two small teeth in apical half of median apical process ( fig. 13 ; P. tridens )...................... P. tridens , n.sp.

5. Vesica with fan-shaped dorsal apical process ( fig. 13 ; P. leeuwin ); body very large........................ P. kojonup , n.sp.

– Vesica with blade-shaped dorsal apical process ( fig. 13 ; P. kurringai ), body large......................... P. kurringai , n.sp.

6. Body elongate ovoid, pygophore pale dorsally............................. 7

– Body elongate, pygophore dark dorsally... 8

7. Vesica with blade-shaped dorsal apical process, appendage triangular ( fig. 13 ; P. manilla )...................... P. manilla , n.sp.

– Vesica with slender dorsal apical process, appendage squarish ( fig. 13 ; P. mina )......................... P. mina , n.sp.

8. Vesica with triangular appendage on dorsal apical process ( fig. 12 ; P. australianus )............ P. australianus ( Carvalho, 1965)

– Vesica with squarish appendage on dorsal apical process ( fig. 13 ; P. galbanus )............ P. galbanus Eyles and Schuh, 2003

Polyozus australianus ( Carvalho, 1965) , new combination figures 1 , 7 , 9 , 12 , 17–20

Melanotrichus australianus Carvalho, 1965: 265–267 (n.sp.).

Melanotrichus australianus Carvalho, 1965 : Cassis and Gross, 1995: 192 (cat.).

Orthotylus australianus ( Carvalho, 1965) : Schuh, 1995 (incertae sedis, Phylinae ).

REVISED DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the moderate size, elongate body, brown coloration with green pronotum and orange mesonotum and scutellum, dorsal surface of pygophore usually dark brown, and characters of the male genitalia, most notably the small vesica with dorsal apical process blade-shaped and with exterior margin weakly serrate, proximal process triangular, small, median apical process tree-shaped with numerous branches, weakly sclerotized, ventral apical process long and slender, not connected to strap of vesical body. Among species of Polyozus , habitus, coloration, and male genitalia most similar to P. galbanus , but distinguished, among others, by the smaller size, usually orange scutellum, and vesica with triangular process on dorsal apical blade; also similar to P. manilla , but distinguished by the darker coloration, more slender body shape, and more slender and elongate left paramere (in dorsal view) in P. australianus .

REVISED DESCRIPTION: Male: Of moderate size, elongate and slender ( fig. 3E ), total length 3.20–3.43, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 2.07–2.20, width across pronotum 0.93–1.04. COLORATION ( fig. 1 ): Generally brown, with green pronotum, and orange mesonotum and scutellum. Head: Vertex dark brown, fasciae indistinct, clypeus, mandibular and maxillary plates, gena and gula pale reddish brown, base of clypeus sometimes dark brown. Antennal segments pale reddish brown, first antennal segment often with subbasal dark ring. Labial segments pale reddish brown, darker brown toward apex. Thorax: Pronotum uniformly pale green, mesonotum orange or dark brown with paired orange marks, scutellum orange. Pleura pale green with mesopleuron at least ventrally, sometimes entirely, dark brown. Legs: Pale with tarsi infuscate, forecoxa sometimes dark brown ventrally, fore and middle femora with small brown spots and hindfemur with large brown spots, tibial spines dark with dark bases. Hemelytra: Corium including cuneus usually brown but sometimes fading to pale brown with green tinge, cuneus proximally with large pale area, membrane transparent to slightly infuscate with orange veins and infuscate area distal to corial margin. Abdomen: Pale green with dorsal surface of pygophore dark brown. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum weakly shining, covered with stout, suberect, dark, simple setae, and flattened, subadpressed, silvery setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Head triangular in dorsal aspect, with prominent clypeus, vertex about as wide as one eye, maxillary plate sunken, eye large, as high as head. Antenna with antennal segment 1 slender and surpassing apex of head, segment 2 long and slender, slightly smaller diameter than segment 1, diameter not increased toward apex, segments 3 and 4 slender, segment 3 slightly longer than segment 4. Labium slender, apex of labium reaching apex of metacoxa. Thorax: Pronotum wider than long and anterior margin slightly sinuate; evaporatory area of metathoracic gland as in figure 3F . Legs: Claws slender and long, pulvilli small. Hemelytra: Almost parallel-sided, cuneus elongate triangular. Abdomen: Short and slender, just surpassing costal fracture. GENITALIA: Parameres: Right paramere, see figure 7 ; left paramere ( fig. 9 ) with anterior process of medium length and thickness, posterior process long, slender, bent ventrad, and truncate at apex, body with large, almost horizontal lobe, slightly bent to the left. Phallotheca ( fig. 11 ): External portion irregularly tubular, tapering toward apex, anterior surface basally with large horizontal flange and distinctly serrate lobe subapically, posterior surface with weakly serrate small lobe, opening ventral, slitlike at base and extended toward apex. Vesica ( fig. 12 ): Small, with dorsal apical process blade-shaped and with exterior margin weakly serrate, proximal process triangular, small, median apical process tree-shaped with numerous branches, weakly sclerotized, ventral apical process long and slender, not connected to strap of vesical body.

Female: Coloration slightly paler than in male, slightly smaller and less elongate than male. Total length 2.70–3.40, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.89–2.21, width across pronotum 0.94–1.06.

HOST (appendix 1): Recorded exclusively from Acacia ( Fabaceae , Mimosoideae ). Several records were not identified to species level, but some specimens were from A. decurrens Willd. and a large series was from A. baileyana F. Muell.

DISTRIBUTION: Known from the Australian Capital Territory, South Australia, Tasmania, and Western Australia ( fig. 17 ) .

DISCUSSION: Carvalho (1965) described this species as an Orthotyline in the genus Melanotrichus . Schuh (1995), synonymizing Melanotrichus with Orthotylus , subsumed it under the latter genus, but pointed out that O. australianus had an incertae sedis status, since it was ‘‘a member of the Phylinae based on illustrations of male genitalia’’. The close resemblance of P. australianus to other species of the genus Polyozus justifies inclusion in this genus and therefore the transfer to Phylini , Phylinae .

Although this species appears very close to P. galbanus and has a partly overlapping distribution, it is distinct by a detail on the male vesica, the shape of the appendage on the dorsal apical process, and slightly different coloration. Possibly, P. australianus and P. galbanus are also restricted to different host plants; that is, most host records of P. australianus are from A. baileyana and A. decurrens , whereas those of P. galbanus are mostly from A. dealbata and A. mearnsii . Future collecting effort will test this hypothesis.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: AUSTRALIA: Australian Capital Territory: Black Mountain, 35.26387 ° S 149.10051 ° E, 19 Nov 1985, G. Cassis, Acacia decurrens (Fabaceae) , 73 (AMNH_PBI 00088063, AMNH_PBI 00087- 587–00087592), 5♀ (AMNH_PBI 00087593– 00087597) (AM). Canberra, 35.2833 ° S 149. 2167 ° E, 605 m, 1973, J.C.M. Carvalho, 23 (AMNH_PBI 00175102, AMNH_PBI 0017- 5103) (MNRJ). Ginninderra, 35.1652 ° S 149. 0679 ° E, 03 Jan 1963, C.R. MacLellan, Acacia sp. (Fabaceae) , 23 (AMNH_PBI 00087714, AMNH_PBI 00088011), 5♀ (AMNH_PBI 00088014–00088018), 1 immature (AMNH_ PBI 00088019) (AM); 04 Feb 1963, C.R. MacLellan, apple, 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 000- 88012, AMNH_PBI 00088013) (AM). South Australia: Athelstone, 34.87116 ° S 138.70668 ° E, 07 Oct 1973, J.J.H. Szent-Ivany, Light Trap, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00169055) (SAMA). Tasmania: Kingston, Welcome Inn grounds just E of A6, 42.96942 ° S 147.287 ° E, 120 m, 20 Jan 2004, M.D. Schwartz and P.P. Tinerella, Acacia baileyana F. Muell. (Fabaceae) , det. NSW staff NSW658237, 43 (AMNH_PBI 00194328–00194331), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 0019- 4412–00194415) (AM). Acacia baileyana F. Muell. (Fabaceae) , det. NSW staff NSW- 658237, 263 (AMNH_PBI 00194332–0019- 4357), 51♀ (AMNH_PBI 00194361–00194411) (AMNH). Acacia baileyana F. Muell. (Fabaceae) , det. NSW staff NSW658237, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00194325), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00194358) (CNC). Acacia baileyana F. Muell. (Fabaceae) , det. NSW staff NSW658237, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00194326), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00194359) (USNM). Acacia baileyana F. Muell. (Fabaceae) , det. NSW staff NSW 658237, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00194327), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00194360) (ZISP). Western Australia: Kevill Road, 4 km W of Margaret River, 33.94611 ° S 115.03666 ° E, 120 m, 02 Dec 1998, G. Cassis, Acacia sp. (Fabaceae) , 253 (AMNH_PBI 00088062, AMNH_PBI 00087- 598–00087621), 24♀ (AMNH_PBI 00087622– 00087645) (AM).

Figures

Fig. 1. Habitus photographs of Ancoraphylus spp., Exocarpocoris spp., and Polyozus pp.

Fig. 3. Habitus in lateral view and evaporatorium of A, B, Ancoraphylus arctous (AMNH_PBI 00087680); C, D, Exocarpocoris tantulus (AMNH_PBI 00135796); E, F, Polyozus kojonup (AMNH_PBI 00136470).

Fig. 4. Setae comprising hemelytral vestiture. A, Ancoraphylus arctous (AMNH_PBI 00087680); B, Exocarpocoris tantulus (AMNH_PBI 00135796); C, Polyozus bulita (AMNH_PBI 00168436); D, P. furcilla (AMNH_PBI 00099437); E, P. galbanus (AMNH_PBI 00139062); F, P. kojonup (AMNH_PBI 00136470). Scale bar: 50 mm.

Fig. 5. Pretarsus. A, Ancoraphylus arctous (AMNH_PBI 00087680); B, Exocarpocoris tantulus (AMNH_PBI 00135796); C, Polyozus bulita (AMNH_PBI 00168436); D, P. furcilla (AMNH_PBI 00099437); E, P. galbanus (AMNH_PBI 00139062); F, P. kojonup (AMNH_PBI 00136470). Scale bar: 50 mm.

Fig. 6. Male genitalic structures of A, B, Ancoraphylus arctous; C–E, Exocarpocoris tantulus, and F, G, Polyozus kojonup. Scanning micrographs, scale bar measurements in mm. A, C, F, pygophore in dorsolateral view, B, D, G, detail of parameres and phallotheca, E, ventral surface of left paramere.

Fig. 7. Right parameres of species of Ancoraphylus, Exocarpocoris, and Polyozus.

Fig. 8. Left paramere of species of Ancoraphylus and Exocarpocoris, shown in dorsal and lateral view. Numbers on illustrations refer to characters and character states in table 2.

Fig. 10. Phallotheca of species of Ancoraphylus and Exocarpocoris, in dorsal and ventral perspective. Numbers on illustrations refer to characters and character states in table 2.

Fig. 12. Vesica of species of Ancoraphylus, Exocarpocoris, and Polyozus.

Fig. 14. Female genitalic structures in Ancoraphylus, Exocarpocoris, and Polyozus, comprising bursa copulatrix in dorsal view and posterior wall in ventral view.

Fig. 16. Distribution of species of Exocarpocoris.

Fig. 18. Phylogenetic relationships of the 16 species of the Polyozus group: The strict consensus of the eight equally most parsimonious trees (L 5 91; CI 5 67; RI 5 83) derived from the character matrix in table 3. Solid circles on the branches indicate uniquely derived apomorphic character states; empty circles indicate homoplastic characters under unambiguous character optimization. Figures above the bars indicate number of character as shown in table 2 and appendix 1; figures below bars indicate the character state. Large figures in shaded circles denominate clades. Branch support values (Bremer support) are given above branches in square boxes.

Fig. 19. Strict consensus of the two most parsimonious trees obtained with the analysis using implied weights. Characters and clades are shown as explained in figure 18.

Fig. 20. Fast optimization of host plants of Phylini of the Polyozus group on the strict consensus of the unweighted analysis.

Fig. 9. Left paramere of species of Polyozus, shown in dorsal and lateral view. Numbers on illustrations refer to characters and character states in table 2.

Fig. 11. Phallotheca of species of Polyozus, in dorsal and ventral perspective. Numbers on illustrations refer to characters and character states in table 2.

Fig. 13. Vesica of species of Polyozus.

Fig. 17. Distribution of species of Polyozus.

Fig. 2. Habitus photographs of Polyozus spp.