Cardiodactylus empagatao Otte, 2007a

Robillard, Tony & Yap, Sheryl, 2015, The Eneopterinae crickets from Leyte Island (Philippines) with description of two new species [Insecta: Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Gryllidae], Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 63, pp. 69-90 : 76-80

Cardiodactylus empagatao Otte, 2007a

( Figs. 1 , 2B , 7D–F , 10A–D , 11A, B, 12A, B , 13A–C , 14A , 15 )

Cardiodactylus empagatao Otte, 2007a: 351 – 2007 b: 31 (confirmation of depository). Eades et al., 2014 ( Orthoptera Species File Online); Robillard et al., 2014: 33 (new signalisations).

Type material. Holotype (male): Philippines: male ( BPBM), Mindanao, Misamis Oriental, Mt. Empagatao , 28 km SW of Gingoog, coll. H.M. Torrevillas, 12 April 1961 [not examined].

Material examined. Philippines: 1 male (#6316) ( MNHN- EO-ENSIF1194), Mindanao [Island], Davao, coll. Baker. 1 male (TR50), 2 juveniles (TR45, 55) ( MNHN) , 1 male (TR49) ( UPLB MNH), day, sur bananier [on banana tree], Leyte [Island], Burauen, Barangay Villa Corazon, forêt secondaire sur pente [secondary forest on slope] (GPS Bar 2), 10°57’52.1”N 124°46’39.8”E, 345 m, coll. T. Robillard, March 2013 . 1 juvenile (TR31), day, Leyte [Island], Burauen, Barangay Villa Corazon, zone herbacée [herbaceous area] (GPS Bar 1), 10°57’50.5”N 124°46’ 35.3”E, 282 m, March 2013, coll. T. Robillard (molecular sample C79) ( MNHN- EO-ENSIF3353) .

Distribution. Southern Philippines, Mindanao and Leyte Islands ( Fig. 1 ).

Emended diagnosis. Species of average size for the species group, contrasted colouration, face yellow with 3 dark spots, dorsal disk of pronotum pale yellow anteriorly; very similar in colouration and external morphology to C. riga Otte, 2007a , to which it differs by yellow Sc vein (brown in C. riga ), female FW colouration with dark brown veins and cells and characteristic whitish and yellow patterns, and male genitalia with only one wide curve in profile ( Fig. 13C ).

Taxonomic discussion. Otte (2007a) mentioned that the species he described from the Philippines ( C. kondoi , C. riga and and C. empagatao ) were collected far from Mindanao on separate islands. However, Misamis Oriental (the type locality of C. empagatao ) is a province of the Philippines located in the Northern part of Mindanao (http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Misamis_Oriental), thus on the same island as the type of Cardiodactylus haani philippinensis Bolivar, 1913 . C. empagatao could consequently correspond to this species. However the type of C. haani philippinensis being lost (Robillard, 2014) and the original description being inconsistent with observed specimens, C. empagatao should be considered as a valid species. The redescription presented here is based on newly collected specimens only, but both external morphology, colouration and male genitalia are consistent with photographs of the original description.

Redescription. In addition to the characters given by Otte (2007a: figs 34, 37): size average for the species group, colouration contrasted including yellow brown, dark brown, black and orange brown patterns ( Fig. 10A–D ). Head dorsum ( Fig. 11A) yellow brown with 3 dark brown bands including 2 wide lateral ones with an anterior notch not related to black colouration of fastigium, and a median punctuated band made of the fusion of two thin parallel bands; short triangular bands posterior to eyes not connected to lateral bands. Face ( Fig. 11B) yellow with 3 black spots, one in the middle of epistomal suture, and 2 between antennae; front part of fastigium usually with 2 small dark brown lines dorsally. Scapes yellow with basal dark brown patterns. Pronotum: Dorsal disk anterior part pale yellow, median area with 2 transverse symmetrical black patches, posterior area black. Lateral lobes pale, homogeneously yellow brown or cream, with a thin discontinuous dark line separating dorsal disks and lateral lobes. Legs I and II almost homogeneously orange brown. FIII homogeneously orange brown, tibiae and knees dark brown. Tarsomeres III-1 orange brown to dark brown. Cerci yellow brown, base faintly mottled with dark brown, apex with dark brown rings. Abdomen brown.

Male: FW ( Fig. 12A ) colouration mostly dark brown to black (cells and veins), with a wide semicircular whitish region posterior to mirror and areas with vivid yellow veins including bases of anal veins, anterior part of 3A, harp veins and part of 1A and CuA close to harp veins, and part of chord veins (2 inverted y-shape). M/R area and veins dark brown. Sc yellow, with a small dark brown preapical area; projections of Sc and more ventral veins of lateral field yellow. FW venation ( Fig. 12A ): 1A almost not bisinuated. CuP absent. Harp with 2 w-shaped veins. Mirror area: mirror (d1) oval, separated in two parts near midlength; d2 area as wide as mirror but d2 not differentiated. Apical field with 4 cell alignments posterior to mirror (n = 2). Lateral field with 7–8 projections of Sc (n = 2) and 3 more ventral veins (n = 2).

Male genitalia ( Fig. 13A–C ): Pseudepiphallus shaped as a wide gutter. Apex of dorsal ridges with short setae, folded laterally and carinated innerly, the lateral triangular expansions clearly asymmetrical. Ventral side of pseudepiphallus with a wide little sclerotised median area. Dorsal ridges almost convex in lateral view (forming only one wide curve) ( Fig. 13C ). Pseudepiphallic sclerite with wide triangular anterior expansions, the membrane between them setose. Posterior pseudepiphallic apex rounded, with a rounded translucent area slightly sclerotised medially. Ectophallic arc complete, with a posterior triangular expansion. Ectophallic fold with thin lateral sclerites; apex trilobate, membranous, median lobe oval. Base of ectophallic apodemes with a short ventroanterior sclerotisation. Endophallic sclerite small, with a triangular posterior expansion. Endophallic apodeme with a dorsal crest and lateral lamellas. Membrane of endophallic cavity smooth.

Female: FW colouration ( Fig. 12B , 15B ): mostly dark brown with no contrast between cells and veins; base of FW whitish; a large whitish area on external lateral margin at FW midlength; light yellow narrow diagonal stripe from antero-external corner, including one of the longitudinal veins. CuA/M/R area and veins dark brown; Sc and its projections and more ventral veins yellow. FW venation ( Fig. 12B ): dorsal field with 12 (n = 1) strong longitudinal veins; lateral field with 9 (n = 1) longitudinal veins including 5 projections of Sc and 4 more ventral veins. Ovipositor of similar size as FIII; apex not denticulate on dorsal and ventral edges ( Fig. 14B ).

Female genitalia ( Fig. 7D–F ): Copulatory papilla triangular, with 2 baso-lateral sclerites; apex rounded, sclerotised and folded ventrally.

Juvenile: Colouration pattern of head and legs close to that of adults; body light brown mottled with dark brown.

Variation. The males from Leyte differ slightly from HT in male genitalia: the rami are well sclerotised while they are mostly membranous in HT, and the observed males show a wide membranous line along pseudepiphallus in ventral view which is absent in HT. These characters may however result from conservation artefacts in the HT or from individual or slight geographical variations, as it is commonly observed in Cardiodactylus . Observation of more material from Mindanao should allow determining if the specimens from Leyte could constitute a different species or, as we suggest here, geographic variation.

Habitat and life history traits. Cardiodactylus empagatao is a nocturnal species living in secondary forest habitats. In Leyte, males and females have been observed singing and mating in banana trees ( Fig. 15 ).

Behaviour. Calling song: Heard in Leyte, but not recorded. The song of Cardiodactylus empagatao consists of a single syllable close to that of C. riga .

Figures

Fig.1. Map of Leyte and distribution of the species mentioned in the study. Map modified after snapshots from www.maphill.com.

Fig. 2. A, Secondary habitat of Lebinthus luae in Maripipi Island (Biliran Islands, Philippines); B, Secondary forested habitat of Lebinthus estrellae, new species (in the leaf litter), Cardiodactylus empagatao Otte (in low trees and banana trees) and Paranisitra leytensis, new species (intermediate vegetation) in Villa Corazon Barangay, Burauen, Leyte.

Fig. 7. Female genitalia: Lebinthus estrellae, new species: A, in dorsal; B, ventral; C, lateral views. Cardiodactylus empagatao: D, in ventral; E, lateral views. Cardiodactylus riga: F, in ventral; G, lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 10. Cardiodactylus empagatao (A–D): A, male in dorsal; B, lateral views. C, female in dorsal; D, lateral views. Cardiodactylus riga (E–H): E, male in dorsal; F, lateral views. G, female in dorsal; H, lateral views. Scale bars: 5 mm.

Fig. 12. Cardiodactylus empagatao: A, dorsal FW venation of male; B, female. Cardiodactylus riga: C, dorsal FW venation of male; D, female. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 13. Cardiodactylus empagatao: A, male genitalia in dorsal; B, ventral;C, lateral views. Cardiodactylus riga: D, male genitalia in dorsal; E, ventral; F, lateral views. Black arrows on lateral views indicate the curves discussed in descriptions. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 14. Apex of Ovipositor of: A, Lebinthus estrellae; B, Cardiodactylus empagatao; C, Cardiodactylus riga; D, Paranisitra leytensis. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 15. Cardiodactylus empagatao: A, secondary forest habitat; B, female on low vegetation in Villa Corazon Barangay, Burauen, Leyte.