Cardiodactylus riga Otte, 2007a

Robillard, Tony & Yap, Sheryl, 2015, The Eneopterinae crickets from Leyte Island (Philippines) with description of two new species [Insecta: Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Gryllidae], Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 63, pp. 69-90 : 80-83

Cardiodactylus riga Otte, 2007a

( Figs. 1 , 7G–I , 10E–H , 11C–E, 12C, D , 13D–F , 14B )

Cardiodactylus riga Otte, 2007a: 348 – 2007 b: 30 (confirmation of depository). Eades et al., 2014 ( Orthoptera Species File Online); Robillard et al., 2014: 86 (new signalisations).

Type material. Holotype (male): Philippines: male ( BPBM), Luzon, Camarines Sur, Mt. Iriga , 500–600 m, coll. H.M.Torrevillas, 3 April 1962 [not examined].

Material examined. Philippines: 1 male (TR1), day, call recording, sur bananier [on banana tree] (molecular sample C83) (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3352) , 1 male (TR35), day, sur bananier [on banana tree] ( UPLB-MNH), Leyte, Burauen, Buo , zone secondaire en bord de route [secondary area near road], 10°57’59.8”N 124°52’35.5”E, 108 m, coll. T. Robillard, March 2013 . 1 male, 1 female ( MNHN), day, South Leyte, prox. Kuting Reef , forêt secondaire sur sol karstique [secondary forest on karstic soil], 11°48’48.7”N 124°18’57.3”E (10 m), coll. T. Robillard, August 2013 .

Distribution. Central and southern Philippines, Luzon and Leyte islands ( Fig. 1 ).

Emended diagnosis. Species of average size, colouration contrasted, face yellow with 3 black spots, very similar in colouration and external morphology to C. empagatao , to which it differs by brown Sc vein (yellow in C. empagatao ), female venation yellow with dark brown cells and male genitalia bisinuated in profile view ( Fig. 13F ).

Redescription. In addition to the characters given by Otte (2007a: figs 17, 19): size average for the species group, colouration contrasted including yellow brown, dark brown, black and orange brown patterns. Head dorsum yellow brown with 3 dark brown bands including 2 wide lateral ones with an anterior notch not related to black colouration of fastigium, and a median punctuated band made of the fusion of two thin parallel bands; short triangular bands posterior to eyes slightly connected to lateral bands. Face yellow or light brown with 3 black spots, one in the middle of epistomal suture, and 2 between antennae; front part of fastigium usually with 2 small dark brown lines dorsally. Scapes yellow with basal dark brown patterns. Pronotum: Dorsal disk anterior part pale yellow, median area with 2 transverse symmetrical black patches, posterior area black. Lateral lobes pale, homogeneously yellow brown or cream, with a thin discontinuous dark line separating dorsal disks and lateral lobes. Legs I and II almost homogeneously orange brown. FIII homogeneously orange brown, tibiae and knees dark brown. Tarsomeres III-1 orange brown to dark brown. Cerci yellow brown, base faintly mottled with dark brown, apex with dark brown rings. Abdomen brown.

Male: FW colouration mostly dark brown to black (cells and veins), with a wide semicircular whitish region posterior to mirror and areas with vivid yellow veins including bases of anal veins, anterior part of 3A, harp veins and part of 1A and CuA close to harp veins, part of chord veins (2 inverted y-shape), and anterior part of diagonal vein. M/R area and cells dark brown. Sc dark brown, its apex yellow; projections of Sc and more ventral veins of lateral field yellow. FW venation ( Fig. 12C ): 1A almost not bisinuated. CuP absent. Harp with 2 w-shaped veins. Mirror area: mirror (d1) oval, separated in two parts near midlength; d2 area as wide as mirror but d2 not differentiated. Apical field with 4 cell alignments posterior to mirror (n = 2). Lateral field with 7-8 projections of Sc (n = 2) and 3 more ventral veins (n = 2).

Male genitalia ( Fig. 13D–F ): Pseudepiphallus elongate, shaped as a wide gutter, narrowed anteriorly and preapically, slightly asymmetrical; bisinuated in profile ( Fig. 13F ). Dorsal ridges showing 2 upper levels in lateral view, the most anterior level the most dorsal, carinated and bean-shaped, the preapical one forming convergent sclerotised blades. Pseudepiphallic sclerite with wide anterior expansions narrowed at midlength and parallel, membrane between them setose. Posterior pseudepiphallic apex rounded, with a rounded translucent area. Ectophallic arc complete, v-shaped. Ectophallic fold with thin lateral sclerites; apex trilobate, membranous, median lobe oval. Base of ectophallic apodemes with a short ventroanterior sclerotisation. Endophallic sclerite small. Endophallic apodeme with a dorsal crest and lateral lamellas. Membrane of endophallic cavity smooth.

Female: FW ( Fig. 12D ) dark brown with contrasted yellow veins; base whitish with a whitish area at FW midlength external margin. Lateral field: M/R/Sc areas dark brown to black; Sc dark brown, its projections and more ventral veins yellow. FW venation: dorsal field with 15 strong longitudinal veins; Sc with 8 projections and 3 more ventral veins. Ovipositor of similar size as FIII; apex not denticulate on dorsal and ventral edges ( Fig. 14C ).

Female genitalia ( Fig. 7G–I ): Copulatory papilla triangular, longer than wide, with 2 baso-lateral sclerites; apex rounded and little sclerotised, folded ventrally.

Juvenile: Colouration of head and legs close to that of adults; body light brown mottled with dark brown.

Variation. The observed males from Leyte differ slightly from the photographs of HT in terms of male genitalia. In particular, the pseudepiphallus seems longer in the observed specimens; this could be due to the photographs of HT in Otte (2007a) or to geographic or individual variation.

Habitat and life history traits. Cardiodactylus riga was encountered in Leyte in secondary areas in banana trees along the roads and in secondary habitats in coastal areas, mostly on large rocks. They are not strictly nocturnal since the calling song occurs from late afternoon and continues at night. Couples were heard and observed mating during afternoon, between leaves of banana trees or on large stones.

Behaviour. Calling song ( Fig. 16 ): Cardiodactylus riga has a long mono-syllabic calling song. At 27.5°C, the calling songs show a very indented amplitude profile. Syllables have the following characteristics: syllable duration = 262.1 ± 6.0 ms; syllable period = 6.3 ± 1.4 s; syllable duty cycle = 4.2%. The power spectrum shows no clear harmonic pattern and dominant frequency of 14.29 ± 0.19 kHz.

Figures

Fig.1. Map of Leyte and distribution of the species mentioned in the study. Map modified after snapshots from www.maphill.com.

Fig. 7. Female genitalia: Lebinthus estrellae, new species: A, in dorsal; B, ventral; C, lateral views. Cardiodactylus empagatao: D, in ventral; E, lateral views. Cardiodactylus riga: F, in ventral; G, lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 10. Cardiodactylus empagatao (A–D): A, male in dorsal; B, lateral views. C, female in dorsal; D, lateral views. Cardiodactylus riga (E–H): E, male in dorsal; F, lateral views. G, female in dorsal; H, lateral views. Scale bars: 5 mm.

Fig. 12. Cardiodactylus empagatao: A, dorsal FW venation of male; B, female. Cardiodactylus riga: C, dorsal FW venation of male; D, female. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 13. Cardiodactylus empagatao: A, male genitalia in dorsal; B, ventral;C, lateral views. Cardiodactylus riga: D, male genitalia in dorsal; E, ventral; F, lateral views. Black arrows on lateral views indicate the curves discussed in descriptions. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 14. Apex of Ovipositor of: A, Lebinthus estrellae; B, Cardiodactylus empagatao; C, Cardiodactylus riga; D, Paranisitra leytensis. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 16. Calling song of Cardioactylus riga: A, oscillogram of 4 syllables; B, detailed oscillogram; C, sonogram of 1 syllable; D, frequency spectrum of 1 syllable.