Crisicoccus ziziphus Zhang & Wu

Zhang, Jiang-Tao & Wu, San-An, 2016, A new species in the genus Crisicoccus Ferris (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae), with a key to Chinese species, Zootaxa 4117 (3), pp. 440-450 : 441-446

Crisicoccus ziziphus Zhang & Wu , sp. nov.

Material examined. Holotype: adult ♀, CHINA, Beijing city, Changping District, Liucun Town [40° 11′ N, 116° 03′ E], on leaves and twigs of Ziziphus jujuba ( Rhamnaceae ), 19.v.2014, coll. San-An Wu.

Paratypes: 5 adult ♀ ♀ and 8 first-instar nymphs, same data as holotype; 2 adult ♀ ♀, 6 third-instar females and 6 second-instar females, CHINA, Hebei Prov., Shexian County, Hezhang Town, Zhangjiatou Village [36° 21′ N, 113° 46′ E], on leaves and twigs of Ziziphus jujuba ( Rhamnaceae ), 26.vii.2014, coll. San-An Wu and Ying-Da Wu.

Descriptions. Adult female ( Figs. 1–2 )

Body in life ( Fig. 1 ) oval, dark reddish, with thin covering of white mealy wax, and six pairs of short lateral filaments around the posterior body margin, especially caudal filaments longer than others. Ovisac white, cottonlike, covering dorsum.

Body on microscope slide ( Fig. 2 ) oval, 2.27 (1.43–2.94) mm long, 1.47 (0.90–2.06) mm wide. Anal lobes developed, each with a ventral apical seta 175.0 (158.5–197.5) µm long, and a well-developed ventral anal lobe bar. Antennae each with 8 segments, 388.5 (340.8–424.8) µm long; lengths of segments: I 44.5 (36.0–50.5) µm, II 47.0 (38.0–53.0), III 46.5 (44.5–52.5), IV 33.5 (26.5–42.5), V 47.5 (39.5–57.5), VI 36.0 (28.5–42.5), VII 38.0 (35.0–42.5), and VIII 96.0 (89.5–102.0) µm. Clypeolabral shield 139.0 (132.5–155.0) µm long. Labium 128.0 (116.5–139.0) µm long, 0.86–0.99 times as long as clypeolabral shield. Legs well developed, slender; claw stout, without a denticle, both tarsal digitules and claw digitules apically knobbed, longer than claw; translucent pores present on anterior and posterior surfaces of each hind coxa, and a few on hind tibia. Lengths of hind coxa 75.5 (64.0–85.0) µm, hind trochanter + femur 255.5 (219.0–274.5), hind tibia + tarsus 295.4 (267.5–320.5) µm; ratio of lengths of hind tibia + tarsus to hind trochanter + femur 1: 0.82–0.92, ratio of lengths of hind tibia to tarsus 1: 0.49– 0.59; claw 30.0 (28.0–31.5) µm long. Circulus nearly quadrate, 84.5 (66.0–102.0) µm wide, divided by an intersegmental line. Both anterior and posterior ostioles present, each lip with 5–12 trilocular pores and 1–4 setae. Anal ring 85.0 (75.5–93.0) µm wide, bearing 6 setae, each seta 132.5 (119.5–149.0) µm long. Recognizable cerarii numbering 5–7 (usually 6) pairs, present on posterior of abdomen. Anal lobe cerarii (C18) each bearing 2 conical setae, each seta 19.0 (16.0–21.0) µm long, plus 1–3 auxiliary setae and 10–16 trilocular pores, all situated on a small slightly sclerotized area. Penultimate cerarii (C17) each with 2 conical setae, each seta 14.5 (11.0–16.0) µm long, and 3–6 trilocular pores. Antepenultimate cerarii (C16), each with 2 conical setae, each seta 12.5 (9.5–15.0) µm long, and 3–4 trilocular pores. Cerarii C15 and C14 each with 2 conical setae, each seta 11.7 (11.5–12.0) µm long, and 2–5 trilocular pores. The setae in cerarii except anal lobe ones becoming more slender and increasingly widely spaced towards anterior end of body.

Dorsum. Setae short and stiff, of different sizes, mostly each 10.0 (7.0–15.0) µm long. Trilocular pores each 3.5 (3.0–4.0) µm in diameter, scattered. Multilocular disc pores absent. Oral collar tubular ducts of 2 sizes: large type, each 9.5 (9.0–10.0) µm long, 4.0 (3.8–4.0) µm wide, usually present in transverse rows along posterior margins of abdominal segments IV–VII and few present along body margin, plus a few in middle of thorax; small type, each about 7.5 (7.0–8.0) µm long, 2.8 (2.0–3.0) µm wide, present mainly across middle of all abdominal segments, except posteriormost segment, scattered on body margin and in medial areas of thorax.

Venter. Setae normal, flagellate, longest on abdomen 65.5 (50.5–78.0) µm long, and on head 93.0 (76.0– 109.0) µm long. Trilocular pores, similar to those on dorsum, scattered. Multilocular disc pores, each 8.0 (7.0–8.0) µm in diameter, usually present around vulva, along posterior edges of abdominal segments IV–VII, and along anterior edges of abdominal segments V–VII. Oral collar tubular ducts as on dorsum and of 2 sizes: large type distributed mainly across middle of abdominal segments IV–VII, in groups along margins of abdominal segments IV–VIII, a few on thorax, and a few between antennal bases; small type present mainly across middle of abdominal segments II–VII and sparsely present in sub-marginal and marginal areas of thorax.

Comments. Crisicoccus ziziphus sp. n. is very similar to C. moricola Tang and C. punicus Wu in the number of cerarii and distribution of multilocular pores; but C. zizyphus differs from C. moricola in possessing large oral collar tubular ducts medially on both body surfaces (large ducts present only on margins of dorsum and venter in C. moricola ); and from C. punicus in having small-type oral collar tubular ducts on the dorsum, and translucent pores on hind coxa and tibia ( C. punicus has small-type oral collar tubular ducts only on the venter, and the hind coxa and tibia lack translucent pores).

The adult female of C. zizyphus can be distinguished from all other instars by presence of the vulva, multilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts.

Distribution. China (Beijing, Hebei).

Economic importance: The host plant, Ziziphus jujuba ( Rhamnaceae ) is one of the main dried fruit crops in North China. When heavily infested with C. zizyphus , plant growth is slowed, so this species is a potential threat to jujuba production.

Etymology. The specific epithet is based on the Latin genitive of the host-plant generic name Ziziphus .

Third-instar female ( Fig. 3 )

Body on microscope slide oval, 1.10 (1.00–1.25) mm long, 0.65 (0.60–0.75) mm wide. Anal lobes each with a ventral apical seta 125.5 (117.5–137.5) µm long, and a well-developed ventral anal lobe bar. Antennae each with 7 segments, 243.0 (239.0–255.0) µm long; lengths of segments: I 30.0 (27.0–35.0) µm, II 30.5 (28.5–33.0), III 25.0 (22.5–27.0), IV 27.5 (21.0–30.5), V 23.0 (20.0–25.0), VI 27.0 (22.5–30.0), and VII 80.5 (77.5–85.5) µm. Clypeolabral shield 102.0 (95.5–112.5) µm long. Labium 81.5 (77.0–92.0) µm long, 0.70–0.93 times as long as clypeolabral shield. Legs well developed; claw without a denticle, tarsal digitules and claw digitules apically knobbed, longer than claw. Length of hind coxa 43.0 (37.5–49.0) µm, hind trochanter + femur 153.5 (143.5– 163.0), hind tibia + tarsus 179.5 (165.0–185.5) µm; ratio of lengths of hind tibia + tarsus to hind trochanter + femur 1: 0.83–0.88, ratio of lengths of hind tibia to tarsus 1: 0.85–0.94; claw 22.5 (21.5–23.5) µm long. Circulus 52.0 (47.5–60.0) µm wide, usually divided by an intersegmental line. Anterior and posterior ostioles well developed, each lip with 2–5 trilocular pores and 1–3 short setae. Anal ring 56.0 (54.5–60.0) µm wide, bearing 6 setae, each seta 89.0 (82.0–95.5) µm long. Cerarii numbering usually 2 or 3 pairs, on posterior abdominal segments. Anal lobe cerarii (C18) each bearing 2 conical setae, each seta 12.5 (11.0–13.5) µm long, 6–7 trilocular pores and 1–2 auxiliary setae, all on a small, slightly sclerotized area. Penultimate cerarii (C17) each with 2 slender conical setae, each seta 9.0 (8.0–10.0) µm long, and 1 trilocular pore. Antepenultimate cerarii (C16), when present, each bearing 2 slender conical setae, each seta 8.5 (8.0–9.5) µm long, and 1 trilocular pore.

Dorsum. Setae short, stiff, mostly each 8.5 (8.0–10.0) µm long, accompanied by shorter setae each 6.0 (4.0– 7.0) µm long. Trilocular pores, each 3.5 (3.0–4.0) µm in diameter, scattered. Multilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts absent.

Venter. Setae normal, flagellate; longest setae on head 34.0 (30.5–39.0) µm long, longer than those elsewhere on venter where each 16.0 (14.0–18.0) µm long. Trilocular pores scattered. Multilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts absent.

Comments. The third-instar female can be distinguished from the adult female by the absence of a vulva, multilocular disc pores, and oral collar tubular ducts; and from earlier instars by the presence of 7-segmented antennae and 2 or 3 pairs of cerarii (earlier instars usually having 6-segmented antennae and one pair of cerarii).

Second-instar female ( Fig. 4 )

Body on microscope slide elongate oval, 0.75 (0.70–0.80) mm long, 0.43 (0.40–0.46) mm wide. Anal lobes developed, each ventral surface possessing an apical seta 88.0 (77.5–97.5) µm long, and a well-developed anal lobe bar. Antennae each with 6 segments, 175.5 (167.5–187.5) µm long; lengths of segments: I 20.0 (18.5–24.5) µm, II 23.5 (20.0–26.5), III 26.0 (24.0–30.5), IV 18.5 (17.0–20.5), V 20.5 (18.0–24.5), and VI 67.0 (65.0–69.5) µm. Clypeolabral shield 82.0 (79.0–86.0) µm long. Labium 68.5 (60.0–74.5) µm long, shorter than clypeolabral shield. Legs well developed; claw without a denticle, both tarsal digitules and claw digitules apically knobbed, longer than claw. Length of hind coxa 32.0 (26.5–37.5) µm, hind trochanter + femur 109.0 (105.0–113.5), hind tibia + tarsus 129.5 (127.5–135.5) µm; ratio of lengths of hind tibia + tarsus to hind trochanter + femur 1: 0.83–0.85, ratio of lengths of hind tibia to tarsus 1: 1.04–1.18; claw 19.0 (18.0–19.5) µm long. Circulus 31.5 (26.5–35.5) µm wide, usually divided by an intersegmental line. Anterior and posterior ostioles well developed, each lip with 1 or 2 trilocular pores and 1 short seta. Anal ring 39.5 (31.0–42.5) µm wide, bearing 6 setae, each seta 55.0 (46.5–62.5) µm long. Only anal lobe cerarii (C18) present, each bearing 2 conical setae, each seta 11.5 (10.0–14.0) µm long, plus 2 trilocular pores between conical setae and 1 auxiliary seta.

Dorsum. Setae short and stiff, each 6.5 (6.0–7.0) µm long; trilocular pores each 3.2 (3.0–4.0) µm in diameter; both setae and pores present in roughly 10 longitudinal rows. Multilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts absent.

Venter. Setae normal, flagellate setae; long flagellate setae mostly abundant on head, each 35.5 (32.0–42.0) µm long, longer than those on abdomen. Trilocular pores scattered on head and thorax, and present in 4 longitudinal rows on abdomen. Multilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts absent.

Comments. The second-instar female can be distinguished from the third-instar female in having 6-segmented antennae, and from the first-instar nymph by the presence of anal lobe cerarii each with 2 trilocular pores and 1 auxiliary seta (first-instar nymphs have only 1 trilocular pore and no auxiliary setae).

First-instar nymph ( Fig. 5 )

Body on microscope slide elongate, 0.38 (0.35–0.40) mm long, 0.19 (0.16–0.20) mm wide. Anal lobes each with a ventral apical seta 64.5 (60.5–70.5) µm long, and an anal lobe bar. Antennae each with 6 segments, 146.5 (141.0–155.0) µm long; apical segment longest, with about 18 long setae and 4 fleshy setae; lengths of segments: I 18.0 (17.0–20.0) µm, II 19.5 (17.0–22.5), III 15.5 (14.0–17.0), IV 15.0 (13.0–17.5), V 17.5 (15.0–18.5), and VI 61.5 (60.0–62.5) µm. Clypeolabral shield 66.0 (63.5–70.0) µm long. Labium 52.5 (49.0–55.0) µm long, shorter than clypeolabral shield. Legs well developed; claw without a denticle, both tarsal digitules and claw digitules apically knobbed, longer than claw. Length of hind coxa 18.5 (17.5–20.0) µm, hind trochanter + femur 85.5 (82.5– 90.0), hind tibia + tarsus 106.5 (101.0–111.5) µm; ratio of lengths of hind tibia + tarsus to hind trochanter + femur 1: 0.76–0.83, ratio of lengths of hind tibia to tarsus 1: 1.34–1.72; claw 16.5 (15.0–19.0) µm long. Spiracles each cup-like, peritreme accompanied by one trilocular pore; anterior spiracles each 16.0 (15.0–17.0) µm long, 7.0 (6.0– 8.0) µm wide, posterior spiracles each 17.5 (15.0–19.0) µm long, 7.0 (6.5–7.5) µm wide. Circulus oval, 29.5 (24.0– 34.0) µm wide, usually divided by an intersegmental line. Anterior and posterior ostioles with each lip with 1 trilocular pore and 0 or 1 short seta. Anal ring 30.5 (26.5–32.0) µm wide, bearing 6 setae, each seta 46.0 (42.0– 52.0) µm long. Only anal lobe cerarii (C18) present, each bearing 2 conical setae, each seta 9.0 (8.0–10.0) µm long, plus 1 trilocular pore between conical setae; without auxiliary setae.

Dorsum. Setae short, stiff, mostly each 5.0 (4.5–6.5) µm long; trilocular pores each 3.0 (2.8–3.4) µm in diameter; both setae and pores usually forming 8 longitudinal rows. Multilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts absent.

Venter. Setae normal, flagellate, mostly each 15.0 (12.0–20.0) µm long, usually forming 6 longitudinal rows on abdomen. Trilocular pores present, with 8 on head, 20 on thorax, forming 2 longitudinal rows on submargins of abdominal segments. Multilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts absent.

Comments. The first-instar nymph can be distinguished from all other instars by the lack of auxiliary setae in the anal lobe cerarii. It shares 6-segmented antennae with the second-instar female, but has fewer trilocular pores.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Habitus photos of Crisicoccus ziziphus Zhang & Wu, sp. nov. on Ziziphus jujuba. A. Groups of ovisacs; B. Adult females and nymphs on twig, attended by ants; C. Adult female and ovisac on leaf underside.

FIGURE 2. Adult female of Crisicoccus ziziphus Zhang & Wu, sp. nov. A. Ventral flagellate seta on head. B. Trilocular pore. C. Small type of oral collar tubular duct. D. Large type of oral collar tubular duct. E. Hind coxa. F. Hind tibia. G. Claw without denticle. H. Multilocular disc pore. I. Anal lobe cerarius. J. Large dorsal body seta. K. Small dorsal body seta.

FIGURE 3. Third-instar female of Crisicoccus ziziphus Zhang & Wu, sp. nov. A. Ventral flagellate seta on head. B. Trilocular pore. C. Ventral flagellate seta on thorax. D. Claw without denticle. E. Ventral flagellate seta on abdomen. F. Anal lobe cerarius. G. Cerarius on abdomen. H. Dorsal body seta.

FIGURE 4. Second-instar female of Crisicoccus ziziphus Zhang & Wu, sp. nov. A. Ventral flagellate seta on head. B. Trilocular pore. C. Ventral flagellate seta on abdomen. D. Claw without denticle. E. Anal lobe cerarius. F. Dorsal body seta.

FIGURE 5. First-instar nymph of Crisicoccus ziziphus Zhang & Wu, sp. nov. A. Ventral flagellate seta on head. B. Trilocular pore. C. Ventral flagellate seta on abdomen. D. Claw without denticle. E. Anal lobe cerarius. F. Dorsal body seta.