Raveniola zyuzini, Zonstein, 2024

Zonstein, Sergei L., 2024, A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia, European Journal of Taxonomy 967, pp. 1-185 : 57-59

Raveniola zyuzini sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B61B579D-3D60-4EF1-A77D-5F7285F6356D

Figs 18 , 53 , 73–74 , 100 , 127 , 155 , 185 , 219 , 246 , 277 , 337–339 , 368–369 , 436–438 , 475–477 , 532–533 , 595–596 , 711–714, 755

Diagnosis

Raveniola zyuzini sp. nov. differs from other members of the same species group by having a darker brownish orange carapace and legs (vs considerably paler brownish or yellowish orange ones – Figs 18 , 53 cf. Figs 15–17 , 50–52 ). Unlike males of R. diluta sp. nov. and R. fedotovi , possessing a raised embolic keel, males of R. zyuzini either entirely lack this structure or possess only a low vestige of the keel; the new species differs from R. pallens sp. nov. in having a longer proximal section of the embolus ( Figs 236–238 cf. Figs 234, 235 ). Females of R. zyuzini are distinguishable due to their weakly sclerotized spermathecal trunks, carrying fusiform outer branches (vs differently conformed spermathecae in other species of the group; Figs 532–533 cf. Figs 526–531 ).

Etymology

The specific epithet is given in honour and memory of Dr. Alexei Zyuzin (1951–2021), noting his significant contribution to the taxonomical and faunistic study of Central Asian spiders.

Material examined

Holotype

UZBEKISTAN • ♂; Babatag Mts , environs of Chorroha (Chorraga) Pass, 10.4 km ENE of Mt Zarkassa; 38°04.0′ N, 68°13.5′ E; 1400 m a.s.l.; 15 Apr. 1990; S. Zonstein leg; SMNH.

Paratypes (8 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀)

UZBEKISTAN • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; SMNH • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Apr. 1989; SMNH • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding, northern slope of Mt Zarkassa ; 38°02.0′ N, 68°11.7′ E; 1900 m a.s.l.; 20 Apr. 2019; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding, eastern slope of Mt Zarkassa ; 1300–1800 m a.s.l.; 26 Apr. 1994; S.V. Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH .

Description

Male (holotype)

HABITUS. See Fig. 18.

MEASUREMENTS. TBL 12.20, CL 5.14, CW 4.32, LL 0.41, LW 0.86, SL 2.57, SW 2.26.

COLOUR. Carapace, as well as most palp and leg segments medium brownish orange; leg I slightly darker than other legs; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae medium reddish brown; sternum, labium, maxillae, metatarsi and tarsi II–IV light yellowish orange; abdomen and spinnerets very pale yellowish brown, dorsal abdominal pattern indiscernible.

CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 100 . Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 155 . Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12(0.18), ALE 0.20, PLE 0.14, PME 0.13; AME–AME 0.12(0.06), ALE–AME 0.08(0.05), ALE–PLE 0.05, PLE–PME 0.03, PME–PME 0.31. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 10 promarginal teeth and 3 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 219 . Maxillae with 8 cuspules each.

LEGS. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Fig. 277 . Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; absent on tarsi III and IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–10 each on tibiae, 16–18 on metatarsi, 13–14 on tarsi, 10 on cymbium. PTC I–II and III–IV with 8–9 and 9–10 teeth on each margin.

SPINATION. Palp: femur d5, pd2, rd1; patella pd1; tibia d3, p3, r3, v7; cymbium d5(4). Leg I: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p1; tibia p2, pv2, r1(0), rv2+2M; metatarsus v1. Leg II: femur d4, pd3, rd 2(1); patella p1; tibia p3, v7; metatarsus p1, v6. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p2, r2; tibia d2, p3, r3, v6; metatarsus d3, p3, r4, v7. Leg IV: femur d4, pd3, rd3(2); patella p1, r2; tibia d2, p3, r3, v7; metatarsus d2, p3, r3, v9. Tarsi I–IV aspinose.

PALP. Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 368 . Embolus with long, slightly tapering proximal section, provided with low rounded keel, and with short curved apex ( Fig. 436 ).

SPINNERETS. See Fig. 595 . PLS: maximal diameter 0.34; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.78, 0.39, 0.34, respectively; total length 1.51; apical segment triangular.

	Femur	Patella	Tibia	Metatarsus	Tarsus	Total
Palp	2.73 (2.42)	1.59 (1.57)	2.29 (1.85)	–	0.83 (1.63)	7.44 (7.47)
Leg I	4.51 (3.46)	2.60 (2.21)	3.57 (2.74)	3.62 (2.30)	2.22 (1.57)	16.52 (12.28)
Leg II	4.22 (3.28)	2.37 (1.98)	3.37 (2.40)	3.34 (2.28)	2.10 (1.55)	15.40 (11.49)
Leg III	3.63 (2.92)	1.96 (1.61)	2.78 (2.16)	3.75 (2.97)	2.09 (1.57)	14.21 (11.23)
Leg IV	4.72 (3.82)	2.24 (1.99)	3.71 (3.31)	5.38 (4.27)	2.43 (1.57)	18.29 (14.96)

Female (paratype)

HABITUS. See Fig. 53.

MEASUREMENTS. TBL 13.00, CL 4.42, CW 3.73, LL 0.36, LW 0.87, SL 2.12, SW 2.01.

COLOUR. In general as in male, but legs more uniformly coloured, without difference between legs I and II–IV.

CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 127 . Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 185 . Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10(0.14), ALE 0.21, PLE 0.12, PME 0.11; AME–AME 0.12(0.08), ALE–AME 0.09(0.07), ALE–PLE 0.05, PLE–PME 0.03, PME–PME 0.33. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 3–4 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 246 . Maxillae with 10–11 cuspules each.

LEGS. Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; absent on tarsi III and IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–10 each on tibiae, 13–14 on metatarsi, 11–13 on tarsi, 9–10 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 4 promarginal teeth. PTC I–II and III–IV with 7–8 and 5–8 teeth on each margin, respectively.

SPINATION. Palp: femur d3, pd1; patella p1; tibia v7; tarsus v2(1). Leg I: femur d4, pd1; tibia v7; metatarsus v6(5). Leg II: femur d4, pd1; tibia p2, v7; metatarsus p1, v6. Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p1; tibia d1, p2, r2, v7; metatarsus d2, p3, r3, v7. Leg IV: femur d4, pd2(1), rd1; patella p1, r1; tibia d1, p3, r3, v7; metatarsus d1, p4, r4, v7. Patellae I–II and tarsi I–IV aspinose.

SPERMATHECAE. Each of paired spermathecae with wide cone-shaped trunk and short fusiform outer branch diverging from medium part of spermathecal trunk ( Figs 532–533 ).

SPINNERETS. See Fig. 596 . PMS: absent. PLS: maximal diameter 0.59; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.68, 0.52, 0.47; total length 1.67; apical segment triangular.

Variation

Carapace length in males (n=7) varies from 3.80 to 5.19, in females (n =4) from 3.44 to 5.32. Within the type series, a few insignificant variations in the habitus and colouration are shown in Figs 73–74 . For some structural details of the tarsal organ and trichobothria, see Figs 377–379 . The most common conformation of the copulatory bulb, lacking the keel, is similar to that shown in Figs 475–477 . The less distributed variant of the bulb, provided with a rudimentary keel, is shown in Figs 369 , 437–438 .

Ecology

All spiders were found under stones in open park woodland composed of low deciduous trees ( Acer spp. , Crataegus spp. , etc.) at 1300–1600 m a.s.l. and in sparse mixed forest biotopes dominated by Juniperus seravschanica at 1600–1900 m a.s.l. See Figs 711–714 .

Distribution

Known only from the type locality. See Fig. 755 .

Figures

Figs 10–18. Raveniola spp., ♂♂, holotypes (except 14, 16), habitus, dorsal views. 10. R. insolita sp. nov. (ZISP). 11. R. ornata sp. nov. (SMNH). 12. R. ornatula sp. nov. (SMNH). 13. R. pamira sp. nov. (SMNH). 14. R. pamira sp. nov., paratype (SMNH). 15. R. diluta sp. nov. (SMNH). 16. R. fedotovi (Charitonov, 1946), from Hojakurgan (SMNH). 17. R. pallens sp. nov. (SMNH). 18. R. zyuzini sp. nov. (SMNH). Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

Figs 45–53. Raveniola spp., ♀♀, paratypes (except 49, 51), habitus, dorsal views. 45–46. R. ornata sp. nov., from Ganjina and Sanglok (both SMNH), respectively. 47. R. ornatula sp. nov. (SMNH). 48. R. pamira sp. nov. (SMNH). 49. R. sororcula sp. nov., holotype (SMNH). 50. R. diluta sp. nov. (SMNH). 51. R. fedotovi(Charitonov, 1946), from Hojakurgan (SMNH). 52. R. pallenssp. nov. (SMNH). 53. R. zyuzini sp. nov. (SMNH). Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

Figs 69–75. Raveniola spp., ♀♀ (69, 71–72, 74) and ♂♂ (70, 73, 75), live spiders; predominantly dorsal (69, 71–72, 74–75) and dorsolateral (70, 73) views. 69–70. R. cucullata sp. nov. (SMNH). 71. R. dolosa sp. nov. (SMNH).72. R. ornatasp. nov. (SMNH). 73–74. R. zyuzinisp. nov. (SMNH). 75. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) (SMNH).

Figs 100–108. Raveniola spp., ♂♂, holotypes (except 107), cephalothorax, dorsal views. 100. R. zyuzini sp. nov. (SMNH). 101. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) (ZISP). 102. R. kirgizica sp. nov. (SMNH). 103. R. kopetdaghensis (Fet, 1984) (ZISP). 104. R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021 (SMNH). 105. R. nenilini sp. nov. (SMNH). 106. R. ovchinnikovi sp. nov. (SMNH). 107. R. virgata (Simon, 1891), ♂ from vicinity of Arslanbob (SMNH). 108. R. vulpina sp. nov. (SMNH). Scale bars: 2.0 mm.

Figs 127–135. Raveniola spp., ♀♀, paratypes (except 132–133), cephalothorax, dorsal views. 127. R. zyuzinisp. nov. (SMNH). 128. R. ferghanensis(Zonstein, 1984) (SMNH). 129. R. kirgizicasp. nov. (SMNH). 130. R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021, from Sary-Chelek Reserve (SMNH). 131. R. nenilini sp. nov. (SMNH). 132. R. tarabaevi sp. nov., holotype (SMNH). 133. R. virgata (Simon, 1891), from Arslanbob (SMNH). 134–135. R. vulpina sp. nov., from Sary-Chelek Reserve and Tereksai (both SMNH), respectively. Scale bars: 2.0 mm.

Figs 148–159. Raveniola spp., ♂♂, holotypes (except 150, 152–153), clypeus and eye tubercle, dorsal views. 148. R. ornatula sp. nov. (SMNH). 149. R. pamira sp. nov. (SMNH). 150. R. pamira, paratype (SMNH). 151. R. dilutasp. nov. (SMNH). 152. R. diluta, paratype (SMNH).153. R. fedotovi(Charitonov, 1946), paralectotype (PSU). 154. R. pallens sp. nov. (SMNH). 155. R. zyuzini sp. nov. (SMNH). 156. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) (ZISP). 157. R. kirgizica sp. nov. (SMNH).158. R. kopetdaghensis (Fet, 1984) (ZISP). 159. R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021 (SMNH). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figs 184–195. Raveniola spp., ♀♀, paratypes (except 191–193), clypeus and eye tubercle, dorsal views. 184. R. pallens sp. nov. (SMNH). 185. R. zyuzini sp. nov. (SMNH). 186. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) (SMNH). 187. R. kirgizica sp. nov. (SMNH). 188–189. R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021, from Aflatun (ZMMU) and Sary-Chelek Reserve (SMNH), respectively. 190. R. nenilini sp. nov. (SMNH). 191. R. tarabaevi sp. nov., holotype (SMNH). 192–193. R. virgata (Simon, 1891), ♀♀ from Arslanbob (SMNH) and Gava (SMF), respectively. 194–195. R. vulpina sp. nov., from Sary-Chelek Reserve and Tereksai, respectively (both SMNH). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figs 211–219. Raveniola spp., ♂♂, holotypes (except 215, 217), sternum, labium and maxillae, ventral views. 211. R. insolita sp. nov. (ZISP). 212. R. ornata sp. nov. (SMNH). 213. R. ornatula sp. nov. (SMNH). 214. R. pamira sp. nov. (SMNH). 215. R. pamira, paratype (SMNH). 216. R. diluta sp. nov. (SMNH). 217. R. fedotovi (Charitonov, 1946), ♂ from Hojakurgan (SMNH). 218. R. pallens sp. nov. (SMNH). 219. R. zyuzini sp. nov. (SMNH). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figs 238–246. Raveniola spp., ♀♀, paratypes (except 238, 242, 244), sternum, labium and maxillae, ventral views. 238. R. karategensis sp. nov., holotype (SMNH). 239. R. ornata sp. nov., from Sanglok (SMNH). 240. R. ornatula sp. nov. (SMNH). 241. R. pamira sp. nov. (SMNH). 242. R. sororcula sp. nov., holotype (SMNH). 243. R. diluta sp. nov. (SMNH). 244. R. fedotovi (Charitonov, 1946), ♀ from Hojakurgan (SMNH). 245. R. pallens sp. nov. (SMNH). 246. R. zyuzini sp. nov. (SMNH). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figs 274–281. Raveniola spp., ♂♂, holotypes (except 275, 279), tibia and metatarsus I, retrolateral views. 274. R. fedotovi (Charitonov, 1946), lectotype (ZMMU). 275. R. fedotovi, ♂ from Hojakurgan (SMNH). 276. R. pallens sp. nov. (SMNH). 277. R. zyuzini sp. nov. (SMNH). 278. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) (ZISP). 279. R. ferghanensis, paratype (SMNH). 280. R. kirgizica sp. nov. (SMNH). 281. R. kopetdaghensis (Fet, 1984) (ZISP). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figs 334–348. Raveniola spp., ♂♂ (334, 337–348) and ♀♀ (335–336); chelicera, probasal corner (334) and entire structure (343); apical edge of maxilla (335, 344); tarsus I (336); same, tarsal organ (337, 340–341, 345–346); same, bases of trichobotria (338–339, 342, 347); same, claws (348); proventrocaudal (334, 343), ventroapical (335, 344), dorsal (336–342, 345–347) and anterior (348) views. 334– 336. R. pamira sp. nov. (SMNH). 337–339. R. zyuzini sp. nov. (SMNH). 340–342. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) (SMNH). 343–348. R. virgata (Simon, 1891) (SMNH).

Figs 364–378. Raveniola spp., ♂♂, holotypes (except 366, 369, 376, 378), palpal tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb, retrolateral (364–377) and retroventral (378) views. 364. R. pamira sp. nov. (SMNH). 365. R. diluta sp. nov. (SMNH). 366. R. fedotovi (Charitonov, 1946), lectotype (ZMMU). 367. R. pallens sp. nov. (SMNH). 368. R. zyuzini sp. nov. (SMNH). 369. R. zyuzini, paratype (SMNH). 370. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) (ZISP). 371. R. kirgizica sp. nov. (SMNH).372. R. kopetdaghensis (Fet, 1984) (ZISP). 373. R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021 (SMNH). 374. R. nenilini sp. nov. (SMNH). 375. R. ovchinnikovi sp. nov. (SMNH). 376. R. virgata (Simon, 1891), ♂ from vicinity of Arslanbob (SMNH). 377. R. vulpina sp. nov. (SMNH). 378. R. vulpina, paratype from Tereksai (SMNH). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figs 429–438. Raveniola spp., ♂♂, holotypes (except 432–433, 437–438), details of copulatoty bulb, ventral (429, 435, 438), retroventral (430, 434), retrolateral (431, 436–437), proventral (432) and prolateral (433) views. 429–431. R. diluta sp. nov. (SMNH). 432–433. R. fedotovi (Charitonov, 1946), lectotype (ZMMU). 434–435. R. pallens sp. nov. (SMNH). 436. R. zyuzini sp. nov. (SMNH). 437– 438. R. zyuzini, paratype (SMNH). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figs 475–486. Raveniola spp., ♂♂, details of copulatoty bulb (475–476, 478), tip of embolus (477), posterior median (479, 482–483, 485–486) and posterior lateral (481) spinnerets, and individual spigots (480, 484); prolateral (475) ventral (476–478, 481) and posterior (479–480, 482–486) views. 475– 477. R. zyuzini sp. nov. (SMNH). 478, 486. R. virgata (Simon, 1891) (SMNH). 479–481. R. redikorzevi (Spassky, 1937) (SMNH). 482–484. R. cucullata sp. nov. (SMNH). 485. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) (SMNH).

Figs 522–536. Raveniola spp., ♀♀, spermathecae, dorsal views. 522–523. R. pamira sp. nov., paratype and female from Shahob, respectively (both SMNH). 524. R. sororcula sp. nov., holotype (SMNH). 525. R. sororcula, paratype (SMNH). 526–527. R. diluta sp. nov., paratype from Kondara (SMNH). 528–529. R. fedotovi (Charitonov, 1946), from Hojakurgan (SMNH). 530–531. R. pallens sp. nov., paratype (SMNH). 532–533. R. zyuzini sp. nov., paratype (SMNH). 534–536. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984), from Andijan (SMNH), non-type specimen from environs of Jalal-Abad (SMNH), and paratype from Jalal-Abad (SMNH), respectively. Abbreviations: ld = lateral diverticulum; sb = spermathecal base; st = spermathecal trunk. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figs 593–601. Raveniola spp., ♂♂, holotypes (593, 595, 597–598, 601) and ♀♀ paratypes (594, 596, 599–600). Spinnerets, lateral (593,596–597), ventral (595,598–599, 601) and posterior (594, 600) views. 593–594. R. pallens sp. nov. (SMNH). 595–596. R. zyuzini sp. nov. (SMNH). 597–600. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) (ZISP). 601. R. kirgizica sp. nov. (SMNH). Strictly reduced PMS indicated by white arrows. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figs 229–237. Raveniola spp., ♀♀, paratypes (except 229–230), sternum, labium and maxillae, ventral views. 229. R. redikorzevi (Spassky, 1937), ♀ from Kepele (SMNH). 230. R. afghana sp. nov., holotype (NHMD). 231. R. alajensis sp. nov. (SMNH). 232. R. concolor Zonstein, 2000 (MCSN AR 19). 233– 234. R. cucullata sp. nov. from Shikildara (SMNH) and Shahob (SMNH), respectively. 235. R. dolosa sp. nov.(SMNH). 236. R. hirta sp. nov. (SMNH). 237. R. ignobilis sp. nov. (SMNH). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figs 707–714. Raveniola spp., habitats of R. fedotovi (Charitonov, 1946) (707–710) and R. zyuzini sp. nov. (711–714), Uzbekistan. 707. Hissar Mts (northwestern slope), montane slopes south of Ishkent Village. 708. Zeravshan Mts, Kitab Reserve, Hojakurgan Canyon. 709–710. Same, a rocky substrate under the tree canopy. 711. Babatagh Mts, as seen from foothills. 712. Same, as seen from the midland zone (ca 1200 m a.s.l.). 713–714. Same, the collection sites at 1400 m and 1800 m a.s.l., respectively.

Figs 751–760. Distribution records of Raveniola spp. 751. R. alajensis sp. nov. (), R. cucullata sp. nov. () and R. dolosa sp. nov. (). 752. R. hirta sp. nov. (), R. ignobilis sp. nov. () and R. insolita sp. nov. (). 753. R. karategensis sp. nov. (), R. ornata sp. nov. () and R. ornatula sp. nov. (). 754. R. pamira sp. nov. (), R. sororcula sp. nov. () and R. diluta sp. nov. (). 755. R. fedotovi (Charitonov, 1946) (), R. pallens sp. nov. () and R. zyuzini sp. nov. (). 756. R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) () and R. kirgizica sp. nov. (). 757. R. kopetdaghensis (Fet, 1984) (). 758. R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021 () and R. nenilini sp. nov. (). 759. R. ovchinnikovi sp. nov. () and R. tarabaevi sp. nov. (). 760. R. virgata (Simon, 1891) (;? = the questionable type locality) and R. vulpina sp. nov. (). Country abbreviations as in Figs 747–750.