Papilio bianor triumphator Fruhstorfer, 1902

Hu, Shao-Ji, Cotton, Adam M., Lamas, Gerardo, Duan, Kuang & Zhang, Xin, 2023, Checklist of Yunnan Papilionidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) with nomenclatural notes and descriptions of new subspecies, Zootaxa 5362 (1), pp. 1-69 : 42

65a. Papilio bianor triumphator Fruhstorfer, 1902

Papilio polyctor triumphator Fruhstorfer, 1902 ; Soc. ent., 17 (9): 65; TL: ‘Sikkim … Assam … Tonkin … Siam’ [Sikkim, Assam, N.E. India; N. Vietnam; Thailand].

P. [apilio] polyctor connectens Mell, 1938; Dt. ent. Z., 1938 (2): 320; TL: ‘Tali und Chaochow, Westyunnan’ [Dali and Fengyi (9 km E. of Dali township), W. Yunnan, China]; [JH of Papilio sarpedon connectens Fruhstorfer, 1906 ( Papilionidae )].

Papilio polyctor kingtungensis Lee, 1962 ; Acta ent. Sinica, 11 (2): 139, 144, pl. 2, f. 3, 5; TL: ‘Jingdong, Yunnan, China’.

Papilio polyctor xiei Chou, 1994 ; Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium, 2: 150, 751, f. 5; TL: ‘Mengla, Yunnan, China’.

Distribution: commonly found in areas to the west of Ailao Shan in Yunnan; also found from N.E. India to Kachin State of Myanmar and parts of N. Indochina.

Note: In the original description of ssp. triumphator Fruhstorfer included series of specimens from Sikkim and Assam, plus a single specimen from each of N. Vietnam and S.E. Thailand. He specifically stated that Sikkim and Assam specimens are different and was proposing triumphator for the other population to that named Papilio ganesa by Doubleday (1842), the type of which he had not examined. Since the Sikkim population belongs to ssp. ganesa the type locality of ssp. triumphator is effectively Assam by implication ( Cotton et al. 2021).