Sticholotis

Xingmin Wang, Hermes E. Escalona, Shunxiang Ren & Chen Xiaosheng, 2017, Taxonomic review of the ladybird genus Sticholotis from China (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Zootaxa 4326 (1), pp. 1-72 : 7-8

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4326.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A2A72998-86A8-4E77-A2E3-64615Edb2D5F
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5309686
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987ED-FFAA-FFE8-BDB6-EECA5EFAF8D6
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Sticholotis
status

Treatment

Key to the species of Sticholotis View in CoL View at ENA from China

1. Disc of elytra unicolored and without spots ( Figs 11–28 View FIGURES 11 – 19. 11 – 13 View FIGURES 20 – 28. 20 – 22 )...................................................... 2

- Disc of elytra bicolored or unicolored with black or red spots ( Figs 29–118 View FIGURES 29 – 37. 29 – 31 View FIGURES 38 – 46. 38 – 40 View FIGURES 47 – 55. 47 – 49 View FIGURES 56 – 64. 56 – 58 View FIGURES 65 – 73. 65 – 67 View FIGURES 74 – 82. 74 – 76 View FIGURES 83 – 91. 83 – 85 View FIGURES 92 – 100. 92 – 94 View FIGURES 101 – 109. 101 – 103 View FIGURES 110 – 118. 110 – 112 )....................................... 7

2. Elytra without dark lateral margins ( Figs 11–19 View FIGURES 11 – 19. 11 – 13 )............................................................. 3

- Elytra with dark lateral margins ( Figs 20–28 View FIGURES 20 – 28. 20 – 22 ) ................................................................ 5

3. Elytron covered by uniform fine punctures ( Figs 14–19 View FIGURES 11 – 19. 11 – 13 )....................................................... 4

- Elytron with row of large punctures along sutural and lateral margins ( Figs 11–12 View FIGURES 11 – 19. 11 – 13 ).................. S. vietnamica Hoàng

4. Body uniformly yellow ( Fig 14 View FIGURES 11 – 19. 11 – 13 ).............................................. S. simplifulva Wang & Ren sp. nov.

- Body uniformly brown ( Fig 17 View FIGURES 11 – 19. 11 – 13 )........................................................... S. hirashimai Sasaji

5. Elytron without dark sutural margin ( Figs 23–28 View FIGURES 20 – 28. 20 – 22 )............................................................ 6

- Elytron with dark sutural margin ( Fig. 20 View FIGURES 20 – 28. 20 – 22 ).................................................. S. carinica (Gorham)

6. Head and pronotum black. Elytron with disc yellow to red and lateral margin black ( Figs 23–25 View FIGURES 20 – 28. 20 – 22 )..... S. hoabinhensis Hoàng

- Dorsum uniformly reddish brown ( Figs 26–28 View FIGURES 20 – 28. 20 – 22 )................................ S. denticuligera Wang & Ren sp. nov.

7. Elytron brown to black, with yellow to red spots ( Figs 29–49 View FIGURES 29 – 37. 29 – 31 View FIGURES 38 – 46. 38 – 40 View FIGURES 47 – 55. 47 – 49 ).................................................. 8

- Elytron yellow to brown, with black spots ( Figs 50–118 View FIGURES 47 – 55. 47 – 49 View FIGURES 56 – 64. 56 – 58 View FIGURES 65 – 73. 65 – 67 View FIGURES 74 – 82. 74 – 76 View FIGURES 83 – 91. 83 – 85 View FIGURES 92 – 100. 92 – 94 View FIGURES 101 – 109. 101 – 103 View FIGURES 110 – 118. 110 – 112 )..................................................... 17

8. Elytron with an irregularly shaped macula ( Fig. 29 View FIGURES 29 – 37. 29 – 31 ).......................................................... 9

- Elytron with two rounded spots ( Figs 32–49 View FIGURES 29 – 37. 29 – 31 View FIGURES 38 – 46. 38 – 40 View FIGURES 47 – 55. 47 – 49 )............................................................... 10

9. Elytra with spots elongate-oval. TL: 2.0– 2.4 mm ............................................... S. bilineata Weise

- Elytra with irregular red patterns ( Fig. 29 View FIGURES 29 – 37. 29 – 31 ). TL: 2.27 mm ........................... S. flammula Wang & Ren sp. nov.

10. Elytra with anterior spot separated from anterior margin ( Figs 32–37 View FIGURES 29 – 37. 29 – 31 )........................................... 11

- Elytra with anterior spot meeting anterior margin ( Figs 38–47 View FIGURES 38 – 46. 38 – 40 View FIGURES 47 – 55. 47 – 49 )................................................. 14

11. Elytron with six longitudinal rows of large punctures......................................... S. confucii (Mulsant)

- Elytron with one longitudinal row of large punctures along the suture or without punctures ( Figs 32, 35 View FIGURES 29 – 37. 29 – 31 )............... 12

12. Elytra with red or brown external margins ( Figs 32, 35 View FIGURES 29 – 37. 29 – 31 )...................................................... 13

- Elytra without red or brown external margins................................................ S. morimotoi Kamiya

13. Pronotum red, elytron dark brown to black with two red spots ( Figs 32–33 View FIGURES 29 – 37. 29 – 31 ). Penis long and slender ( Fig. 155 View FIGURES 150 – 158. 150 – 153 ). TL: 2.24–2.87 mm, TW: 2.08–2.57 mm, TH: 1.05–1.15 mm ................................................. S. formosana Weise

- Pronotum black, elytron black with two dark red spots ( Figs 35–36 View FIGURES 29 – 37. 29 – 31 ). Penis short and stout ( Figs 160–161 View FIGURES 159 – 168. 159 – 163 ). TL: 2.27 mm, TW: 2.01 mm, TH: 1.09 mm .............................................................. S. taiwanensis Miyatake

14. Spots on elytra regularly shaped. Parameres slightly shorter than penis guide ( Figs 41–49 View FIGURES 38 – 46. 38 – 40 View FIGURES 47 – 55. 47 – 49 )........................... 15

- Spots on elytra irregularly shaped ( Figs 38–40 View FIGURES 38 – 46. 38 – 40 ). Parameres distinctly longer than penis guide ( Figs 166–167 View FIGURES 159 – 168. 159 – 163 ). TL: 2.18–2.27 mm, TW: 1.91–2.11 mm, TH: 1.01–1.05 mm ................................... S. wenchangia Wang & Ren sp. nov.

15. Penis relatively longer and slender ( Figs 175 View FIGURES 169 – 177. 169 – 173 , 179 View FIGURES 178 – 186. 178 – 182 ). Additional dorsal strut-like projection on tegminal basal piece large, almost same length to strut ( Figs 176 View FIGURES 169 – 177. 169 – 173 , 180 View FIGURES 178 – 186. 178 – 182 )...................................................................... 16

- Penis relatively shorter and stouter ( Fig. 171 View FIGURES 169 – 177. 169 – 173 ). Additional dorsal strut-like projection on tegminal basal piece small, half length of strut ( Figs 172 View FIGURES 169 – 177. 169 – 173 ). TL: 2.32–2.44 mm, TW: 1.98–2.11 mm, TH: 1.05–1.19 mm ..................... S. petila Yu & Pang

16. Elytral spots medium-sized, the distance between them larger than spot diameters ( Figs 44–46 View FIGURES 38 – 46. 38 – 40 ). TL: 1.6–2.1mm, TW: 1.3–1.8 mm, TH: 0.9–1.2 mm ..................................................................... S. ruficeps Weise

- Elytral spots very large, the distance between them about 1/3 of one diameter ( Figs 47–49 View FIGURES 47 – 55. 47 – 49 ). TL: 2.70–2.90 mm, TW: 2.51–2.67 mm, TH: 1.38–1.48 mm ................................................. S. dadugangensis Wang & Ren sp. nov.

17. Elytra with a dark band along anterior and lateral margins ( Figs 50–94 View FIGURES 47 – 55. 47 – 49 View FIGURES 56 – 64. 56 – 58 View FIGURES 65 – 73. 65 – 67 View FIGURES 74 – 82. 74 – 76 View FIGURES 83 – 91. 83 – 85 View FIGURES 92 – 100. 92 – 94 ).......................................... 18

- Elytra without continuous dark band along margins ( Figs 95–118 View FIGURES 92 – 100. 92 – 94 View FIGURES 101 – 109. 101 – 103 View FIGURES 110 – 118. 110 – 112 ).............................................. 33

18. Elytra with large central sutural spot ( Figs 50–55 View FIGURES 47 – 55. 47 – 49 )........................................................... 19

- Elytra with large central sutural spot and in addition a pair of rounded spots ( Figs 56–94 View FIGURES 56 – 64. 56 – 58 View FIGURES 65 – 73. 65 – 67 View FIGURES 74 – 82. 74 – 76 View FIGURES 83 – 91. 83 – 85 View FIGURES 92 – 100. 92 – 94 )........................... 20

19. Pronotum yellowish brown ( Fig. 50 View FIGURES 47 – 55. 47 – 49 ). Parameres distinctly dilated in apical third ( Figs 185–186 View FIGURES 178 – 186. 178 – 182 ). TL: 2.34 mm, TW: 2.14 mm, TH: 1.35 mm ................................................................ S. dilatata Wang & Ren sp. nov.

- Pronotum dark brown to black ( Figs 53–55 View FIGURES 47 – 55. 47 – 49 ). Parameres not dilated ( Figs 189–190 View FIGURES 187 – 196. 187 – 191 ). TL: 2.01–2.37 mm, TW: 1.85–2.11 mm, TH: 1.19–1.35 mm .................................................................... S. cinctipennis Weise

20. Pronotum black or yellow with black spot ( Figs 56–67 View FIGURES 56 – 64. 56 – 58 View FIGURES 65 – 73. 65 – 67 )...................................................... 21

- Pronotum uniformly yellow without spots ( Figs 68–94 View FIGURES 65 – 73. 65 – 67 View FIGURES 74 – 82. 74 – 76 View FIGURES 83 – 91. 83 – 85 View FIGURES 92 – 100. 92 – 94 )...................................................... 25

21. Pronotum black ( Figs 59–67 View FIGURES 56 – 64. 56 – 58 View FIGURES 65 – 73. 65 – 67 )........................................................................... 22

- Pronotum yellow with a black spot ( Figs 56, 58 View FIGURES 56 – 64. 56 – 58 ). TL: 2.24 mm, TW: 2.08 mm, TH: 1.19 mm .................................................................................................. S. illecebrosa Wang & Ren sp. nov.

22. Pronotum and elytra with very narrow yellow lateral margins. ( Figs 59–61 View FIGURES 56 – 64. 56 – 58 )...................................... 23

-. Pronotal and elytral lateral margins black ( Figs 62–67 View FIGURES 56 – 64. 56 – 58 View FIGURES 65 – 73. 65 – 67 )....................................................... 24

23. Apex of elytra with large quadrate black spot ( Fig. 59 View FIGURES 56 – 64. 56 – 58 ) TL: 2.10–2.49 mm, TW: 1.70–2.11 mm, TH: 1.15–1.25 mm ............................................................................................... S. punctata Crotch

- Apex of elytra without spots. TL: 2.0 mm.................................................. S. klapperichi Mader

24. Elytral disc with spots very large and elongate oval ( Fig. 62 View FIGURES 56 – 64. 56 – 58 ). Elytra covered with uniformly fine punctures ( Fig. 62 View FIGURES 56 – 64. 56 – 58 ). TL: 2.14–2.21 mm, TW: 1.81–1.91 mm, TH: 1.03–1.05 mm ........................ S. magnopunctata Wang & Ren sp. nov.

- Elytral disc with spots relatively small and rounded ( Fig. 65 View FIGURES 65 – 73. 65 – 67 ). Elytra covered with uniformly fine punctures and two rows of large punctures along margin of sutural spot ( Fig. 65 View FIGURES 65 – 73. 65 – 67 ). TL: 2.14 mm, TW: 1.88 mm, TH: 1.15 mm ............................................................................................... S. acutifolia Wang & Ren sp. nov.

25. Anterior elytral spot meeting the margin ( Figs 71–94 View FIGURES 65 – 73. 65 – 67 View FIGURES 74 – 82. 74 – 76 View FIGURES 83 – 91. 83 – 85 View FIGURES 92 – 100. 92 – 94 )........................................................ 26

- Anterior elytral spot not touching the basal elytral margin ( Fig. 68 View FIGURES 65 – 73. 65 – 67 ). TL: 2.11–2.47 mm, TW: 1.88–2.21 mm, TH: 1.15–1.32 mm ......................................................................... S. tortus Wang & Ren sp. nov.

26. Mid area of elytral suture darker but without spots ( Figs 71–76 View FIGURES 65 – 73. 65 – 67 View FIGURES 74 – 82. 74 – 76 )................................................ 27

- Mid area of elytral suture with a black spot ( Figs 77–94 View FIGURES 74 – 82. 74 – 76 View FIGURES 83 – 91. 83 – 85 View FIGURES 92 – 100. 92 – 94 )..................................................... 28

27. Pronotum yellow ( Fig 71, 73 View FIGURES 65 – 73. 65 – 67 ). Penis thick and penis guide extremely broad ( Figs 219–220 View FIGURES 217 – 226. 217 – 221 ). TL: 2.67–2.90 mm, TW: 2.37– 2.54 mm, TH: 1.19–1.38 mm .................................................. S. latissima Wang & Ren sp. nov.

- Pronotum dark red ( Fig. 74 View FIGURES 74 – 82. 74 – 76 ). Penis short and stout, penis guide thin ( Figs 224–225 View FIGURES 217 – 226. 217 – 221 ). TL: 2.24–2.97 mm, TW: 2.01–2.57 mm, TH: 1.19–1.62 mm ....................................................... S. maolanensis Wang & Ren sp. nov.

28. Parameres very short, less than 1/2 of penis guide length ( Figs 229, 234 View FIGURES 227 – 236. 227 – 231 )......................................... 29

- Parameres long, almost equal to penis guide ( Figs 239, 244 View FIGURES 237 – 246. 237 – 241 , 249, 253 View FIGURES 247 – 254. 247 – 250 )........................................... 30

29. Elytron disc and base with large and rounded spots ( Fig. 77 View FIGURES 74 – 82. 74 – 76 ). Penis very long and slender ( Fig. 228 View FIGURES 227 – 236. 227 – 231 ). Parameres slender ( Figs 229–230 View FIGURES 227 – 236. 227 – 231 ). TL: 2.08 mm, TW: 1.81 mm, TH: 1.05 mm ................................ S. tenuis Wang & Ren sp. nov.

- Elytron disc and base with small spots ( Fig. 80 View FIGURES 74 – 82. 74 – 76 ). Penis short ( Fig. 233 View FIGURES 227 – 236. 227 – 231 ). Parameres broad ( Fig. 234–235 View FIGURES 227 – 236. 227 – 231 ). TL: 2.27–2.54 mm, TW: 2.11–2.41 mm, TH: 1.22–1.38 mm ................................................... S. brachyloba sp. nov.

30. Pronotum dark red. Parameres slender ( Figs 86–94 View FIGURES 83 – 91. 83 – 85 View FIGURES 92 – 100. 92 – 94 )......................................................... 31

- Pronotum yellow ( Fig. 83 View FIGURES 83 – 91. 83 – 85 ). Parameres very broad ( Fig. 239 View FIGURES 237 – 246. 237 – 241 ). TL: 2.87 mm, TW: 2.60 mm, TH: 1.42 mm ..................................................................................................... S. denticulata Hoàng

31. Elytra with spots on humeral callus sligthly separated from basal margins ( Fig. 86 View FIGURES 83 – 91. 83 – 85 ). TL: 2.67–2.97 mm, TW: 2.54–2.84 mm, TH: 1.22–1.48 mm ............................................................. S. pengi Wang & Ren sp. nov.

- Elytra with spots on humeral callus that distinctly touch basal margins of elytra ( Figs 248, 252 View FIGURES 247 – 254. 247 – 250 )....................... 32

32. Elytron with spots on base and disc larger than sutural spots ( Fig. 89 View FIGURES 83 – 91. 83 – 85 ). TL: 2.80–2.90 mm, TW: 2.54–2.67 mm, TH: 1.46–1.48 mm ..................................................................... S. wuzhishana Wang & Ren sp. nov.

- Elytron with spots on base and disc distinctly smaller than sutural spots ( Fig. 92 View FIGURES 92 – 100. 92 – 94 ). TL: 2.44 mm, TW: 2.18 mm, TH: 1.29 mm ....................................................................... S. nanlingensis Wang & Ren sp. nov.

33. Elytron with 4 or less rounded or irregular compact black spots, although additional black streaks may be present on lateral or sutural margins ( Figs 95–106 View FIGURES 92 – 100. 92 – 94 View FIGURES 101 – 109. 101 – 103 )........................................................................... 34

- Elytron with more than 4 rounded or irregular compact black spots ( Figs 107–118 View FIGURES 101 – 109. 101 – 103 View FIGURES 110 – 118. 110 – 112 )................................. 40

34. Elytron with less than 4 black spots...................................................................... 35

- Elytron with 4 black spots ( Figs 95–106 View FIGURES 92 – 100. 92 – 94 View FIGURES 101 – 109. 101 – 103 ).................................................................. 36

35. Elytron with 2 large black spots. TL: 1.75–1.9 mm, TW: 1.55–1.6 mm ............................ S. pictipennis Lewis

- Elytron with 3 relatively small black spots, although additional black streaks are present on lateral or sutural margins. TL: 2.4 mm .............................................................................. S. maculata Korschefsky

36. Elytron with spots touching basal margin or suture ( Figs 98–106 View FIGURES 92 – 100. 92 – 94 View FIGURES 101 – 109. 101 – 103 ).............................................. 37

- Elytron without spots touching basal margin or suture ( Figs 95–96 View FIGURES 92 – 100. 92 – 94 ). TL: 2.51–2.93 mm, TW: 2.24–2.60 mm, TH: 1.48–1.71 mm .................................................................... S. octopunctata Wang & Ren sp. nov.

37. Elytral spots not touching suture at basal 2/5. TL: 2.0– 2.26 mm, TW: 1.76–1.82 mm ( Yu 1995).......... S. linguiformis Yu

- Elytral spots touching suture at basal 2/5, forming a common sutural spot ( Figs 98–106 View FIGURES 92 – 100. 92 – 94 View FIGURES 101 – 109. 101 – 103 )............................ 38

38. Parameres slightly shorter than or equal to penis guide ( Figs 267, 272 View FIGURES 265 – 274. 265 – 269 ).......................................... 39

- Parameres very short, about 1/2 of penis guide length ( Fig. 262 View FIGURES 255 – 264. 255 – 259 ). TL: 2.41–2.80 mm, TW: 2.18–2.47 mm, TH: 1.32–1.48 mm ....................................................................... S. jinpingensis Wang & Ren sp. nov.

39. Penis guide thin and slender, apices of parameres moderately broadening, clavate ( Fig. 267 View FIGURES 265 – 274. 265 – 269 ). TL: 2.26–2.70 mm, TW: 2.08– 2.44 mm, TH: 1.22–1.52 mm ................................................... S. clavata Wang & Ren sp. nov.

- Penis guide wide and short, apices of parameres not broadening ( Fig. 272 View FIGURES 265 – 274. 265 – 269 ). TL: 2.31–2.54 mm, TW: 2.08–2.34 mm, TH: 1.35– 1.42 mm ..................................................................... S. crassa Wang & Ren sp. nov.

40. Elytra yellow to yellowish brown, with eleven or twelve black spots ( Figs 110–118 View FIGURES 110 – 118. 110 – 112 )................................ 41

- Elytra reddish brown, with two large yellow irregular spots, and sixteen small black spots around their margins ( Figs 107– 109 View FIGURES 101 – 109. 101 – 103 ). TL: 2.70–2.90 mm, TW: 2.31–2.67 mm, TH: 1.42–1.45 mm ....................... S. taenia Wang & Ren sp. nov.

41. Pronotum with two black spots before base. TL: 3.2 mm, TW: 2.65 mm ···················································· S. undeci- mpunctata Miyatake

- Pronotum without spots ( Figs 110–118 View FIGURES 110 – 118. 110 – 112 )................................................................... 42

42. Spots on elytron touching the basal margin and suture ( Figs 113–118 View FIGURES 110 – 118. 110 – 112 )........................................... 43

- Spots on elytron not touching the basal margin and suture ( Figs 110–112 View FIGURES 110 – 118. 110 – 112 ). TL: 2.93–3.13 mm, TW: 2.67–2.80 mm, TH: 1.55– 1.71 mm ................................................................. S. neckiformis Wang & Ren sp. nov.

43. Penis guide very thick at base, apex strongly curved in lateral view, and very wide in ventral view ( Figs 287–288 View FIGURES 285 – 294. 285 – 289 ). TL: 2.3 4– 2.70 mm, TW: 2.11–2.41 mm, TH: 1.12–1.25 mm .................................... S. obesa Wang & Ren sp. nov.

- Penis guide distinctly thiner than S. obesa , apex not curved, and narrow in ventral view ( Figs 292–293 View FIGURES 285 – 294. 285 – 289 ). TL: 2.47–3.07 mm, TW: 2.21–2.84 mm, TH: 1.25–1.68 mm ........................................... S. robusta Wang & Ren sp. nov.