Cyriocosmus ritae Pérez-Miles, 1998

Kaderka, Radan, 2015, The Neotropical genus Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 and new species from Peru, Brazil and Venezuela (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae), Journal of Natural History 50, pp. 393-465 : 438-453

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:727D9326-42D3-45FF-A593-2EF6A9CE5745
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4331329
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9E109-FFBD-2F0E-FE20-BAA4FC50FA13
treatment provided by	Carolina
scientific name	Cyriocosmus ritae Pérez-Miles, 1998
status

Treatment

Cyriocosmus ritae Pérez-Miles, 1998 View in CoL

( Figures 22 – 24 View Figure 22 View Figure 23 View Figure 24 , 26a, b View Figure 26 , 27d View Figure 27 , 29f View Figure 29 , 33i, j View Figure 33 , Tables 14, 15)

Cyriocosmus ritae: Pérez-Miles, 1998: 98 View in CoL , figures 14 – 20. Fukushima et al., 2005: 11, figures 17, 18, 31, 48.

Types

Male holotype ( IB 4951 ) from Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco, Reserva florestal do Humaitá , 11 April 1996, team of collectors from IB and SMNK (A. D. Brescovit, A. Bonaldo, H. Metzner, H. Höfer) . Female unknown. Male holotype not examined, only photo provided by Dr Hubert Höfer.

Diagnosis (from Fukushima et al. 2005):

The males differ from all other congeners by having incrassate tibia I ( Figure 24b View Figure 24 ) and a median protuberance on the retrolateral metatarsus I ( Figure 24b View Figure 24 ).

Distribution and natural history ( Figures 36 View Figure 36 , 37 View Figure 37 )

Known from the type locality in Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco, Reserva florestal do Humaitá, as well as from Peru, Colonia, Rio Callería, and newly from Iquitos, the Amazon River, Las Palmas, a small village near the Amazon River, approximately 60 km east from Iquitos. In the latter locality the spiders showed an arboreal lifestyle. Approximately 60% of 25 specimens were found 1 – 2 m up inside the silked leaves of Cecropia tree ( Urticaceae ). The rest of the specimens were found on the trunks, both in a tangle of adherent root fibres in retreats 0.5 – 1.5 m high, and also inside tree cavities approximately 2 m high.

Description

Male (NMPC P6A-5731, formerly RKCP 0347) ( Figures 22a View Figure 22 , 24a, b View Figure 24 , 26a, b View Figure 26 , 27d View Figure 27 ): Total length: 11.4, carapace length 5.5, width 5.1, chelicerae with 7 teeth on promargin, with granulation near the first two basal teeth. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: Vvvv-VVv. Left side: Vvvv-VVv. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.29 (circular), ALE 0.33 (oval), PME 0.18 (almost circular except outer fifth which is cut), PLE 0.29 (oval), AME – AME 0.09, AME – ALE 0.09, PME – PME 0.52, PME – PLE 0.05, ALE – PLE 0.07, AME – PME 0.01, OQ length 0.55, width 1.14. Clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, straight, width 0.55, 3.61 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 0.74, width 1.05, anterior third with 44 cuspules, maxillae with 139 cuspules. Almost rounded sternum, length 2.87, width 2.54, with three difficult-tonotice pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae I, II and III. Leg pattern: I>IV>II>III. Incrassate leg segments: tibia I, slightly femur III.

Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 65%, metatarsi II 50%, metatarsi III 40%, metatarsi IV 20% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I, II integral, in tarsi III, IV divided by narrow longitudinal band of setae.

Spination: femora I p 0-0-1, II p 0-0-2, III d 0-0-2, IV r 0-0-1 and femora of palps 0; patellae I – IV and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I v 0-(0 – 1)-0, r 0-0-1 (apical), II v 1-1-2 (apical), p 0-1-0, III v 0-1-2 (apical), r 0-1-0, p 0-2-0, IV v 1-1-2 (apical), r 1-1-1 and tibiae of palps 0; metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 1-0-1 (apical), III v 0-1-3 (apical), r 0-1-1, p 0-2-1, IV v 0-1-3 (apical), r 0-1-1, p 0-2-2, tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.

Palpal organ as in Figure 26a, b View Figure 26 , embolus with long PA, reaching more than half of embolus, crested PS keel is not fused with PA. Tegulum with distinct granulated TP, projecting prolaterally. Retrolateral face of cymbium with basal field of spiniform setae. Retrolateral face of palpal tibia with distinct subapical protuberance covered with cluster of numerous spiniform setae ( Figure 24a View Figure 24 ). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on tibia I ( Figures 24b View Figure 24 , 27d View Figure 27 ): a longer retrolateral tibial apophysis with short, stout spine at apex, a shorter prolateral tibial apophysis, apically flattened, with single inner, sigmoidly curved spine with extremely stout base and approximately of the same length as prolateral apophysis. Metatarsus I not sigmoidly curved. Instead, there is median protuberance on its retrolateral face ( Figure 24b View Figure 24 ). Metatarsus I flexion is on prolateral tibial apophysis.

Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central glossy patch . PLS: length 3.09, basal segment 1.01, middle segment 0.81, apical segment 1.27, all digitiform. PMS: 0.57.

Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view ( Figure 22a View Figure 22 ): carapace, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, covered with golden pubescence, except dark oval spot covering caput and surroundings of fovea, chelicerae dark brown, and covered with golden pubescence, femora, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi dark grey and intermixed with long, dark setae, palpal patellae, patellae of all legs and distal halves of all metatarsi covered with short whitish setae. Patellae I, II and palpal patellae with two distinct longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III with two diagonal stripes, patellae IV with single diagonal stripe. Abdomen covered with short black setae, intermixed with long, pale setae in posterior part, except central reddish-brown glossy patch, three lateral stripes on each side, basally joined, two short stripes on each side of spinnerets and two weak anteriorly located spots near area of urticating setae. Length of central patch: 3.56, width 2.34. Ventral view: labium, sternum, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown

femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi dark grey. Abdomen ventrally with dark longitudinal band. Spinnerets: fawn.

Female (NMPC P6A-5732, formerly RKCP 0348) ( Figures 22b View Figure 22 , 23 View Figure 23 a-e, 29f): Total length: 16.3, carapace length 6.6, width 6.3, chelicerae with 7 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: V-VVVVVV, 7 big teeth. Left side: V-VVVVVV, 7 big teeth. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances ( Figure 23e View Figure 23 ): AME 0.33 (circular), ALE 0.39 (oval), PME 0.25 (oval), PLE 0.34 (oval), AME – AME 0.09, AME – ALE 0.12, PME – PME 0.62, PME – PLE 0.06, ALE – PLE 0.09, AME – PME 0.06, OQ length 0.96, width 1.34. Clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, procurved, width 1.1, 4.6 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.1, width 1.3, anterior half with 66 cuspules, maxillae with 175 – 184 cuspules. Almost rounded sternum, length 3.1, width 3.2, with three visible pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.36, 0.31 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.16, 0.16 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.08, 0.16 from edge of sternum). Leg pattern: IV>I>II>III. All leg segments uniform.

Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I, II 60%, metatarsi III 35%, metatarsi IV 20% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I, II divided by longitudinal line of setae, in tarsi III, IV divided by narrow longitudinal band of setae.

Spination: femora I – IV and femora of palps 0; patellae I – IV and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I 0, II 0, III v 0-0-2 (apical), d 0-1-0, p 0-1-0, IV v 0-0-2 (apical), r 0-1-0 and tibiae of palps v 0-0-3 (apical); metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 0-1-1 (apical), III v 0-2-3 (apical), d 0-1-1 (apical), p 0-1-1 (apical), IV v 0-2-2 (apical), p 0-1-1 (apical), d 0-1-0, r 0-0-1 (apical), tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.

Spermathecae ( Figure 29f View Figure 29 ): two separated spiral seminal receptacles, distally terminated with caliciform extension, basally with flat, weakly sclerotized plates.

Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central glossy patch . PLS: length 5.39, basal segment 2.00, middle segment 1.43, apical segment 1.93, all digitiform. PMS: 0.91.

Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view ( Figures 22b View Figure 22 , 23a View Figure 23 ): carapace, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, and covered with golden pubescence, except dark oval spot covering caput and surroundings of fovea, chelicerae dark brown, and covered with golden pubescence, femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi dark grey and intermixed with long, dark setae, except patellae of posterior legs which are covered with short whitish setae, femora IV with golden basal pubescence. Patellae I, II and palpal patellae with two distinct longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with single diagonal stripe. Palpal femur and femur I prolaterally bare. Retrolateral face of femur IV bare. Abdomen ( Figure 23c View Figure 23 ) covered with short black setae, intermixed with long, pale setae in posterior part, except central reddish-brown glossy patch, three lateral stripes on each side, basally joined, two short stripes on each side of spinnerets and two weak anteriorly located spots near area of urticating setae. Length of central patch: 6.4, width 3.5. Ventral view ( Figure 23b View Figure 23 ): labium, sternum, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi and tarsi dark grey. Abdomen ventrally with dark longitudinal band ( Figure 23d View Figure 23 ). Spinnerets: basal segment reddishbrown, central segment grey, apical segment dark grey.

Variability

The variability in the shape of spermathecae is shown in Figure 33i, j View Figure 33 . The variability in the length of the carapace, the number and the arrangement of the cheliceral teeth, the number of labial and maxillary cuspules, the leg pattern and the spination of tibial apophyses is shown in Table 3.

Coloration during ontogeny

Carapace light brown, with a dark caput and surrounding of fovea, abdomen black, with three light brown lateral stripes, basally joined, and two short stripes near spinnerets, not basally joined, dorsally with a light brown, U-shaped patch of urticating setae. Femora and tarsi black, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi light brown.