Sigara (Tropocorixa) schadei (Hungerford 1928)

Konopko, Susana Amanda, 2012, Description of the immature stages of Sigara (Tropocorixa) schadei (Hungerford) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Corixidae), Zootaxa 3487, pp. 41-57 : 44-54

Sigara (Tropocorixa) schadei (Hungerford 1928)

( Figs. 1–24 ; Tables 1–3 )

Material examined. ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires Province, lagoon from the Golf Club Lagos de Palermo, Buenos Aires City, 02/01/ 2008–31 /03/2008, Konopko S. A. coll. (oviposited eggs: 24; nymphs: instar I, 8 specimens; II–V, 5 specimens each).

Egg ( Figs. 1–2 )

EL: 0.72–0.77 mm. EW: 0.57–0.62 mm. ML: 0.05–0.06 mm. SL: 0.07–0.08 mm. Oval shape ( Fig. 1 ), EL/EW: 1.18–1.29, flattened at one side, with a very short stalk ( Fig. 1 ). Color yellow. Chorionic surface with protuberances delimiting small areas, without hexagons ( Figs. 1–2 ).

First nymph ( Figs. 9 , 13 , 18–20 , 23 )

Color. Ground color testaceous with dark markings. Head testaceous with dark markings, except ecdysial line and ventral and lateral surfaces testaceous. Eyes reddish brown. Rostrum testaceous. Antennae testaceous, with pale setae. Pronotum testaceous with a medial dark marking; meso- and metanotum testaceous with a medial dark marking expanding to anterior and posterior margins of each segment. Thoracic pleurae and sterna testaceous. Legs testaceous; except mesocoxa and mesofemur dorsally, mesotibia basally, metafemur dorsal and ventrally, metatibia basal and apically, metatarsus apically, and claws of metalegs, darker. Abdominal terga I–VIII testaceous with medial dark markings; scent glands reddish brown on segments IV and V; abdominal sternites testaceous, except last segment with a rounded, middle, dark area. Connexivum testaceous with dark markings on anterior margin of each segment.

Body. Suboval, BL/BW: 1.35–1.39. Measurements that characterize the body shape are shown in Table 1 .

Head. Short, subrectangular, HL/HW: 0.24–0.30; anterior margin rounded; Y-shaped ecdysial line visible; with short and long, stout, short, slender setae, and trichobothria in frontal view. S/eW: 2.73–3.67. OI: 3.72–5.00. HW/BL: 0.51–0.54. Rostrum short, with three transverse sulcations (N= 3). Antenna AL/BL: 0.14–0.15; twosegmented; segment II longer than segment I, A1:A2= 0.40–0.47:1.00; A1 subconical; A2 subcylindrical; A2 width/length: 0.33–0.38. A1 and A2 dorsal surface bare; A1 ventral surface with an apical campaniform sensillum; A2 ventral surface with a campaniform sensillum on the basal half of the segment, a set of short, slender spines, and two short, stout spines, on apical half of the segment ( Fig. 9 ).

Thorax. Pronotum visible, subrectangular and short, anterior and lateral margins convex, and posterior margin slightly concave at middle. Mesonotum lateral margins convex and posterior margin straight to slightly concave at middle. Metanotum posterior margin from straight to slightly concave at middle. Ecdysial line visible on pro-, meso-, and metanotum. Thoracic terga with some short, slender setae; meso- and metanotum with a lateral spine, on each side of each segment, near posterior margin. PL/BL: 0.26–0.28. Pro-, meso- and metasternum posterior margins straight to slightly concave at middle. Metaxyphus much wider than long, apically rounded. Thoracic sterna with some short, slender setae. Meso- and metathoracic spiracles small and rounded, located ventrally, near posterior margin of each segment. Meso- and metathoracic wing pads absent. Anterior legs short, L1/BL: 0.45–0.49; femur shorter than tibiotarsus, FE1/ TITA 1: 0.69–0.79 ( Fig. 13 ). Procoxa short, subconical; anterior surface with three short, slender, apical spines; anterodorsal and anteroventral surfaces with chloride cells; posterior surface bare. Protrochanter short; anterior surface with three short, slender spines, two short, slender, basal setae, and three basal campaniform sensilla; posterior surface with two spines and three basal campaniform sensilla; posteroventral surface with an apical spine. Profemur short, stout, and subrectangular ( Fig. 13 ); anterior surface with six or seven spines (two or three short, slender, single; four stout, long and short: three or four single, one apically serrate); anterodorsal surface with five or six spines (one or two short, four long: two apical), and chloride cells (not illustrated); anteroventral surface with one or two short spines, and chloride cells (not illustrated); posterior surface with some short, slender setae; posterodorsal surface with one long, slender seta. Protibiotarsus short, not elongate, TITA 1 width/lenght: 0.36–0.37 ( Fig. 13 ); anterior surface with nine long setae in dorsal, 17–19 setae in upper and 12–14 bristles in lower rows, tibial comb represented by two spines, and one spine behind the tibial comb; anterodorsal surface with one short spine; anteroventral surface with two short spines; inner surface with 13–15 slender setae; posterior surface with some short and long, slender setae; posterodorsal surface with four spines on basal half of segment. One short, slender, falcate claw. Mesolegs long and slender; L2/BL: 1.05–1.07; femur longest, tarsus longer than tibia; FE2:TI2:TA2=1.00:0.47–0.48:0.53–0.54 ( Figs. 18–19 ). Mesocoxa short, subconical; anterior surface with two apical spines; anterodorsal surface with chloride cells (not illustrated); posterior surface with few short, slender setae. Mesotrochanter short; anterior surface with two short spines, three basal campaniform sensilla and two short, basal setae; anteroventral surface with three long, slender spines; posterior surface with three basal campaniform sensilla and some short, slender setae. Mesofemur subcylindrical, straight; anterodorsal surface with nine or ten short and long spines and chloride cells (not illustrated); anteroventral surface with nine spines (four short, five long), and chloride cells (not illustrated); posterodorsal surface with ten short and long spines (the apical longest); posteroventral surface with six or seven short and long spines. Mesotibia subcylindrical, straight; anterior surface with a row of five spines; anterodorsal surface with two long, slender spines (one prebasal, one preapical); anteroventral surface with six or seven short and long spines; posterior surface with six or seven spines, and six or seven long, slender setae; posterodorsal surface with three spines; posteroventral surface with four spines, and tibial comb represented by one long, slender, apical spine. Mesotarsus subcylindrical, straight; anterodorsal surface with six or seven spines, and one prebasal campaniform sensillum; anteroventral surface with eight or nine spines; posterior surface with six or seven spines; posterodorsal surface with seven long, slender setae, and three or four spines; posteroventral surface with one apical spine. Two long, slender, falcate claws of different lenght. TA2/CL1: 0.83–0.87; TA2/CL2: 0.78–0.82. Metalegs long, slender; L3/BL: 1.18–1.26; tarsus longest, tibia shorter than femur; FE3:TI3:TA3=0.71–0.76:0.64–0.65:1.00. Metacoxa large, subconical; anterodorsal surface with chloride cells; posteroventral surface with one short spine and one long, apical spine. Metatrochanter short; anterior surface with three basal campaniform sensilla and two short, basal setae; anteroventral surface with two short spines; posterior surface with two basal campaniform sensilla. Metafemur slightly curved and flattened anteroposteriorly ( Figs. 20 , 23 ); anterior surface with four or five short spines in two areas (upper, one; lower, three or four); anterodorsal surface with six or seven spines, and chloride cells (not illustrated); anteroventral surface with chloride cells (not illustrated); posterodorsal surface with two short, apical spines; posteroventral surface with four or five short spines. Metatibia subcylindrical, straight, TI3 width/length: 0.25–0.26; anterodorsal surface with five spines; anteroventral surface with nine or ten spines (the apical longest); posterior surface with five or six spines and seven long, slender setae; posterodorsal surface with nine or ten spines; posteroventral surface with six short spines, and apical comb of two long spines. Metatarsus slightly curving and flattened anteroposteriorly; TA3 width/length: 0.12–0.14; anterior surface with nine or ten spines; anterodorsal surface with one preapical spine; anteroventral surface with 19–20 swimming hairs; posterodorsal surface with one prebasal campaniform sensillum, 16–17 spines, 23–25 swimming hairs, and six to nine short, slender setae; posteroventral surface with 18–19 spines. Two long, slender, straight claws of different length. TA3/CL1: 2.64–3.00; TA3/CL2: 2.54–2.76.

Sigara (Tropocorixa) schadei

Characters Instar I Instar II Instar III Instar IV Instar V Measurements (in mm) and ratios

BL 1.24–1.35 1.96–2.03 2.73–2.78 3.32–3.70 4.39–4.84 BW 0.92–1.00 1.34–1.39 1.49–1.56 1.81–1.93 2.03–2.21 HL 0.16–0.21 0.27–0.32 0.58–0.62 0.70–0.74 0.74–0.77 HW 0.67–0.69 0.89–0.99 1.19–1.29 1.49–1.64 1.93–1.96 eW 0.12–0.17 0.25–0.27 0.32–0.37 0.52–0.62 0.74– 0.77 S/eW 2.73–3.67 1.91–2.00 1.61–1.93 1.00–1.21 0.86–0.93 Structures

Rostrum, nº sulcations 3 4 5 6 7 Chaetotaxy: number of seta/e (st), spines (sp), swimming hairs (sh) and campaniform sensillum/a (cs); long (L); single (s); double (d); present / absent

TR 1, A, cs 3 3 4 5 6 TR 1, P, cs 3 3 5 7 9 FE1, A, BHA absent absent present present present FE1, P, BHA absent absent present present present TITA 1, DR, st 9 10–11 11–12 13 12–13 TITA 1, UR, st 17–19 25 28–30 31–33 32–33 TITA 1, TC, sp 2 3 2–3 4 5 TITA 1, IS st 13–15 23–30 50–52 85–86 96–100 TR 2, A, cs 3 3 4 5 6 TR 2, P, cs 3 3 5 7 9 FE2, A, BHA absent absent present present present FE2, AD, sp 9–10 23–30 23–29 30–33 25–30 FE2, P, TBR st absent absent present present present TI2, AV, sp 6–7 7–8 12–14 15 13 TI2, P, L slender st 6–7 13–15 25–27 42–43 61–64 TI2, PV, sp 4 s 5 s 5 s/5 d 7–8 s /12–15 d 9–10 s / 28–30 d TI2, TC, sp 1 1 4 5 5–6 TA2, PD, L slender st 7 13–14 24 –30 44–47 60–62 CX3, A, set of sp absent absent present present present TR 3, A, cs 3 3 4 5 6 TR 3, P, cs 2 3 5 7 9 FE3, A, sp 4–5 9–10 7–9 11–15 18–21 FE3, A, BHA absent absent present present present FE3, P, TBR st absent absent present present present

... continued on the next page Sigara (Tropocorixa) schadei

Characters Instar I Instar II Instar III Instar IV Instar V

Chaetotaxy: number of seta/e (st), spines (sp), swimming hairs (sh) and campaniform sensillum/a (cs); long (L);

single (s); double (d); present / absent

Abdomen. Segment I posterior margin straight (dorsal and ventrally), segments II–VII concave (dorsal and ventrally), and segment VIII straight to slightly concave (dorsal and ventrally). G3/D3: 8–10, G4/D4 and G5/D5: 10–15. Spiracles visible on segments I–VIII, small and rounded; located ventro-laterally near posterior margin (I) or located ventrally near anterior margin (II–VIII) of each segment; the one on segment I larger than others abdominal spiracles. Terga with few short and long, slender setae and chloride cells. Lateral spines of abdominal segments (right side): I, zero; II–III, one short; IV, one short, one long; V–VII, three or four short, one long; VIII, three short, five long. Sterna with few short and long, slender setae, and chloride cells. Central spines on urosternites: I–IV: zero; V–VIII: two long.

Second nymph ( Figs. 3 , 14 )

Similar to first instar except for the following features:

Color. Pro-, meso-, and metanotum with a medial dark marking expanding towards lateral margins of each segment. Metanotum the medial dark marking interrupted by pale eye-shaped marking on each side of the notum, near anterior margin of segment. Abdominal terga with medial dark markings expanding towards anterior and posterior margins of each segment.

Body. BL/BW: 1.46–1.48. Measurements that characterize the body shape are shown in Table 1 .

Head. HL/HW: 0.28–0.34; with chloride cells in frontal view; S/eW: 1.91–2.00. OI: 1.60–2.44. HW/BL: 0.44–0.51. Rostrum with four transverse sulcations (N= 3). Antenna A1: A2= 0.21–0.31:1.00; A2 width/length: 0.23–0.29.

Thorax. Metanotum with chloride cells in two areas, on each side of the notum. PL/BL: 0.24–0.26. Mesothoracic wing pads present and metathoracic ones absent; mesothoracic wing pads reaching anterior half of the pterothorax along middline ( Fig. 3 ). Anterior legs, L1/BL: 0.42; FE1/ TITA 1: 0.71–0.75 ( Fig. 14 ). Procoxa anterior and posterior surfaces with some short, slender setae; anterodorsal and anteroventral surfaces without chloride cells. Profemur anterior surface with 10 spines (three short, slender, single; four long, slender, single; three long, stout, apically serrate); anterodorsal surface with four or five spines (two apical); posterodorsal surface with one short, slender spine. Protibiotarsus TITA 1 width/length: 0.33–0.35 ( Fig. 14 ); anterior surface with 10–11 long setae in dorsal, 25 setae in upper and 13–14 long setae in lower rows; tibial comb represented by three spines, and two spines (one short and one long) behind tibial comb; anterodorsal surface with two spines (one short, one long); inner surface with 23–30 long, slender setae (not illustrated). Mesolegs L2/BL: 0.98–1.01; FE2:TI2:TA2=1.00:0.46–0.49:0.46–0.50. Mesocoxa anterior and posterior surfaces with short, slender spines; anterodorsal surface without chloride cells. Mesotrochanter anterior surface with some short, slender setae. Mesofemur anterodorsal surface with 23–30 short and long spines; anteroventral surface with 20–25 short and long spines; posterodorsal surface with 10–11 short and long spines; posteroventral surface with 18–22 short spines and six long spines. Mesotibia anterior surface with six to eight spines; anterodorsal surface with two spines (one prebasal, long; one preapical, short); anteroventral surface with seven or eight spines; posterior surface with 13–15 long, slender setae; posterodorsal surface with two or three spines; posteroventral surface with five spines, and tibial comb represented by one short, apical spine. Mesotarsus anterodorsal surface with six spines; posterior surface with five or six spines; posterodorsal surface with 13–14 long, slender setae, and four spines. TA2/CL1: 0.83–0.96; TA2/CL2: 0.78–0.93. Metalegs L3/BL: 1.11–1.16; FE3:TI3:TA3=0.71–0.76:0.59–0.64:1.00. Metacoxa anterior surface with long, slender setae; anterodorsal surface without chloride cells. Metatrochanter posterior surface with three basal campaniform sensilla. Metafemur anterior surface with nine or ten short spines in two areas (upper, three or four; lower, six); anterodorsal surface with seven or eight spines. Metatibia TI3 width/length: 0.20–0.26; anterodorsal surface with seven spines; anteroventral surface with 10 spines; posterior surface with eight long, slender setae; posterodorsal surface with 11–12 spines; posteroventral surface with seven or eight spines, and apical comb represented by two spines (one short, one long). Metatarsus TA3 width/length: 0.10–0.17; anterior surface with eight or nine spines; anteroventral surface with 37–40 swimming hairs and 19–21 spines; posterodorsal surface with 18 spines, nine short, slender setae, and 59–60 swimming hairs; posteroventral surface with 17–19 spines. TA3/CL1: 4.45–4.52; TA3/CL2: 4.08–4.26.

Abdomen. G3/D3: 4–6, G4/D4 and G5/D5: 5–6. Terga and sterna with abundant chloride cells. Lateral spines of abdominal segments (right side): I, zero; II–III, one short; IV, four short, one long; V, seven or eight short, one long; VI, seven or eight short, one long; VII, three or five short, two long; VIII, five short, six long. Central spines on urosternites: V: zero; VI–VIII, two long.

Third nymph ( Figs. 4, 10–11 , 15 , 21 )

Similar to second instar except for the following features:

Color. Posterior margin of head, in dorsal view, darker. Prosternum with medial dark marking. Mesonotum posterior margin darker. Metanotum with medial pale inverted triangle shaped marking near posterior margin of segment; this triangle-shaped marking joins to pale eye-shaped markings these on both sides of notum, near anterior margin of segment, forming between three a single pale marking.

Body. Elongate, BL/BW: 1.76–1.87. Measurements that characterize the body shape are shown in Table 1 .

Head. HL/HW: 0.48–0.49; posterior margin with long, slender setae laterally, and short, apically serrate setae medially. S/eW: 1.61–1.93. OI: 1.25–2.45. HW/BL: 0.44–0.47. Rostrum with five transverse sulcations (N= 3). Antenna AL/BL: 0.16–0.17; A1:A2=0.26–0.27:1.00; A1 with a lateral protuberance; A2 with a slightly notch on the basal fifth of segment; A2 width/length: 0.26–0.27; A1 dorsal surface with long, slender setae; A2 dorsal surface with short and long, slender setae and long apically serrate setae; A2 ventral surface with four short, stout spines on apical half of segment, and ventral margin with long, slender setae ( Figs. 10–11 ).

Thorax. Pronotum totally hidden by head in dorsal view; posterior half of segment with short, slender setae, and posterior margin with short and long, slender setae (not exposed). Meso- and metathoracic wing pads present. Meso-, metathoracic wing pads and the anterior 2/3 of mesonotum with short, slender setae; metanotum with some short, slender setae, but more scattered than on mesonotum; posterior margin of setose area of mesonotum and internal margins of wing pads with short (as in Fig. 6 ) and long (as in Fig. 7 ) lanceolate setae, respectively; internal, posterior, and external margins of wing pads with long, slender setae ( Fig. 4 ). PL/BL: 0.28–0.29. Pro-, meso-, and metapleura with short, slender setae. Pro-, meso- and metasternum with abundant short, slender setae. Mesothoracic wing pads reaching posterior margin of the pterothorax, along midline; metathoracic wing pads reaching anterior margin of urotergite II. Anterior legs L1/BL: 0.39–0.42; FE1/ TITA 1: 0.73–0.78. Procoxa anterior surface with short spines and long, slender setae. Protrochanter anterior surface with four basal campaniform sensilla, and abundant short, slender setae; posterior surface with five (3+2) basal campaniform sensilla and abundant short slender setae. Profemur ( Fig. 15 ) anterior surface with hydrophobic setose area covering more than basal half of segment, seven or eight spines (two short, slender, single; five or six stout, long and short: three single, two or three apically serrate); anteroventral surface without short spine; posterior surface with hydrophobic setose area covering more than basal half of segment. Protibiotarsus TITA 1 width/length: 0.34–0.37 ( Fig. 15 ); anterior surface with 11–12 long setae in dorsal, 28–30 setae in upper and 16–17 long setae in lower rows, and two or three spines behind tibial comb; anterodorsal surface with two or three spines; inner surface with 50–52 slender setae (not all illustrated). Mesolegs L2/BL: 0.93–0.98; tibia longest than tarsus, FE2:TI2:TA2=1.00:0.47–0.51:0.45–0.47. Mesocoxa anterior and posterior surfaces with abundant short, slender setae. Mesotrochanter anterior surface with four basal campaniform sensilla, and abundant short, slender setae; posterior surface with five basal campaniform sensilla. Mesofemur anterodorsal surface with 23–29 short and long spines; anteroventral surface with 24–30 short and long spines; posterodorsal surface with eight or nine short and long spines; posteroventral surface with nine or ten long, slender setae, 32–41 short spines, and five or six long spines. Mesotibia anterior surface with 10 spines; anteroventral surface with 12–14 spines; posterior surface with five or six spines and 25–27 long, slender setae; posterodorsal surface with three spines; posteroventral surface with 10 spines (five double and five single), and apical comb of four spines. Mesotarsus anterodorsal surface with five spines; anteroventral surface with 11–12 spines; posterior surface with six spines; posterodorsal surface with 24–30 long, slender setae. TA2/CL1: 0.79–0.89; TA2/CL2: 0.76–0.86. Metalegs L3/BL: 1.05–1.08 ( Fig. 21 ); FE3:TI3:TA3=0.69–0.72:0.64–0.67:1.00. Metacoxa anterior surface with abundant short, slender setae, a prebasal set of short and stout spines, and long, slender apical and medial setae; posterior surface with some short and long, slender setae. Metatrochanter anterior surface with four basal campaniform sensilla (not illustrated), and abundant short, slender setae; posterior surface with five basal campaniform sensilla, and abundant short, slender setae; posteroventral surface with two or three long, slender spines. Metafemur anterior surface with hydrophobic setose area, reaching the basal half of the segment on dorsal margin and fifth apical of the segment on ventral margin, and seven to nine short spines in two areas (upper, three or four; lower, four or five); anterodorsal surface with four spines; ventral surface with seven or eigth long, slender, preapical setae. Metatibia TI3 width/length: 0.22–0.24; posterodorsal surface with 12 spines and six short, slender setae; anteroventral surface with 11 spines, and 30–31 long, slender setae; posterior surface with six spines, five short, slender setae, and 22 long, slender setae; posteroventral surface with 22 spines, and apical comb of four spines. Metatarsus TA3 width/length: 0.18–0.20; anterior surface with nine spines; anteroventral surface with 22–23 spines, and 198–200 swimming hairs; posterodorsal surface with 30–34 spines, 12–13 short, slender setae and 357–360 swimming hairs; posteroventral surface with 36–38 spines. TA3/CL1: 5.22–5.69; TA3/CL2: 5.01–5.22.

Abdomen. G3/D3: 3–6. Terga with abundant short and long, slender setae, and more chloride cells than on previous instar. Lateral spines of abdominal segments (right side): I, zero; II–III, one short; IV, five or six short, two long; V, six or seven short, four long; VI, four to six short, three or four long; VII, six to nine short, four or five long; VIII, seven or eight short, six long. Sterna with abundant short and long, slender setae, and without chloride cells.

Fourth nymph ( Fig. 16 )

Similar to third instar except for the following features:

Color. Pro- and metanotum posterior margin darker. Mesonotum with darker setae than on previous instar.

Body. BL/BW: 1.84–1.96. Measurements that characterize the body shape are shown in Table 1 .

Head. HL/HW: 0.45–0.48. S/eW: 1.00–1.21. OI: 0.87–1.53. HW/BL: 0.42–0.45. Rostrum with six transverse sulcations (N= 3). Antenna AL/BL: 0.15–0.17; A1:A2= 0.22–0.25:1.00; A2 width/length: 0.22–0.26; A2 ventral surface with eight short, stout spines on the apical half of the segment.

Thorax. Mesonotum short, lanceolate setae (as in Fig. 6 ) on posterior margin of the setose area, more extended medially than on previous instar and reaching anterior margin of metanotum. Metanotum with short, slender setae, and long, lanceolate setae. PL/BL: 0.25–0.28. Mesothoracic wing pads reaching the anterior half of the urotergite I; metathoracic wing pads reaching the anterior half of the urotergite II. Anterior legs L1/BL: 0.38–0.41; FE1/ TITA 1: 0.67–0.69. Protrochanter anterior surface with five basal campaniform sensilla; posterior surface with seven basal campaniform sensilla. Profemur anterior surface with nine to eleven spines (three short, slender, single; six to eight short, stout: three to five single, three apically serrate) ( Fig. 16 ). Protibiotarsus TITA 1 width/length: 0.27–0.31 ( Fig. 16 ); anterior surface with 13 long setae in dorsal, 31–33 setae in upper and 19 long setae in lower rows, tibial comb represented by four spines; inner surface with 85–86 long, slender setae (not illustrated). Mesolegs L2/BL: 0.94–1.00; FE2:TI2:TA2=1.00:0.47–0.51:0.39–0.43. Mesotrochanter anterior surface with five basal campaniform sensilla; posterior surface with seven basal campaniform sensilla. Mesofemur anterodorsal surface with 30–33 short and long spines, and without chloride cells; anteroventral surface with 23–27 short spines, six long spines, and without chloride cells; posterodorsal surface with five to seven short and long spines; posteroventral surface with 51–56 short spines, six or seven long spines and 21–22 long, slender setae. Mesotibia anterior surface with 13 spines; anteroventral surface with 15 spines; posterior surface with six or seven spines, and 42–43 long, slender setae; posteroventral surface with 19–23 spines (12–15 double, seven or eight single), and apical comb of five spines. Mesotarsus anteroventral surface with 10–13 spines; posterior surface with five or six spines; posterodorsal surface with 44–47 long, slender setae, and four or five spines. TA2/CL1: 0.81–0.84; TA2/CL2: 0.79–0.82. Metalegs L3/BL: 1.03–1.07; FE3:TI3:TA3=0.67–0.80:0.59–0.70:1.00. Metatrochanter anterior and posterior surfaces with five and seven basal campaniform sensilla, respectively. Metafemur anterior surface with 11–15 short spines in three areas (upper, three to four; middle, three to five; lower, five to seven); anterodorsal surface with four or five spines, and without chloride cells; anteroventral surface without chloride cells; posteroventral surface with four short spines; ventral surface with eight or nine long, slender, preapical setae. Metatibia TI3 width/length: 0.20–0.23; anterodorsal surface with nine or ten spines; anteroventral surface with 15–17, spines and 34–40 long, slender setae; posterior surface with five spines, four short, slender setae, and 33–42 long, slender setae; posterodorsal surface with 14 spines and seven or eight short, slender setae; posteroventral surface with 20–25 spines, and tibial comb of six spines. Metatarsus TA3 width/length: 0.14–0.20; anterior surface with eight or nine spines; anteroventral surface with 210–214 swimming hairs, and 28–30 spines; posterodorsal surface with 35–36 spines, 11–12 short, slender setae, and 485–492 swimming hairs; posteroventral surface with 38–39 spines. TA3/CL1: 6.64–7.97; TA3/CL2: 6.37–7.62.

Abdomen. G4/D4 and G5/D5: 4–6. Lateral spines of the abdominal segments (right side): I, zero; II–III, one short; IV, five short, two long; V, seven or eight short, four or five long; VI, seven short, four long; VII, 15–17 short, five or six long; VIII, nine or ten short, seven long. Urosternites: I–VIII without central spines.

Fifth nymph ( Figs. 5–8, 12 , 17 , 22 , 24 )

Similar to fourth instar except for the following features:

Color. Posterior margin of the metathoracic wing pads darker.

Body. More elongate than on previous instar. BL/BW: 2.16–2.19. Measurements that characterize the body shape are shown in Table 1 .

Head. HL/HW: 0.38–0.39; with more chloride cells in frontal view than on previous instar. S/eW: 0.86–0.93. OI: 1.09–1.12. HW/BL: 0.41–0.44. Rostrum with seven transverse sulcations (N= 3). Antenna AL/BL: 0.14–0.17; A1:A2=0.17–0.25:1.00; A2 width/length: 0.17–0.20; A2 ventral surface with 14–15 short, stout spines, on the apical half of the segment ( Fig. 12 ).

Thorax. Mesonotum with short, lanceolate setae on posterior margin of the setose area, more extended medially than on previous instar, and covering the segment in a narrow T shape ( Fig. 5 ). Posterior margins of wing pads with long, apically truncate and serrate setae ( Fig. 8 ). PL/BL: 0.27–0.29. Meso- and metathoracic wing pads almost reaching and reaching the anterior half of the urotergite III, respectively. Anterior legs L1/BL: 0.35–0.38; FE1/ TITA 1: 0.65–0.72. Protrochanter anterior surface with six basal campaniform sensilla; posterior surface with nine basal campaniform sensilla. Profemur anterior surface with 14–19 spines (four short, slender, single; 13–15 short, stout: 10–12 single, three apically serrate) ( Fig. 17 ). Protibiotarsus TITA 1 width/length: 0.28–0.31 ( Fig. 17 ); anterior surface with 12–13 long setae in dorsal, 32–33 setae in upper, and 20–21 long setae in lower rows, tibial comb represented by five spines; inner surface with 96–100 long, slender setae (not illustrated). Mesolegs L2/BL: 0.89–0.95; FE2:TI2:TA2=1.00:0.48–0.49:0.36–0.37. Mesotrochanter anterior surface with six basal campaniform sensilla; posterior surface with nine basal campaniform sensilla. Mesofemur anterodorsal surface with 25–30 short and long spines; anteroventral surface with 20–25 short spines, and six to eight long spines; posterodorsal surface with seven to ten short and long spines; posteroventral surface with 115–116 short spines, six long spines and 36–37 long, slender setae. Mesotibia anterior surface with 11–13 spines; anteroventral surface with 13 spines; posterior surface with five or six spines, and 61–64 long, slender setae; posterodorsal surface with four spines; posteroventral surface with 37–40 spines (28–30 double, nine or ten single), and apical comb of five or six spines. Mesotarsus posterodorsal surface with 60–62 long, slender setae, and four spines; posteroventral surface with 10–12 spines. TA2/CL1: 0.77–0.83; TA2/CL2: 0.76–0.81. Metalegs L3/BL: 0.96–1.01; FE3:TI3:TA3=0.66–0.69:0.63–0.68:1.00. Metatrochanter anterior and posterior surfaces with six and nine basal campaniform sensilla, respectively. Metafemur anterior surface with 18–21 short spines in three areas (upper, three or four; middle, six to ten; lower, seven to eleven); anterodorsal surface with five or six spines; posteroventral surface with six to ten short spines; ventral surface with 11–12 long, slender, preapical setae ( Figs. 22 , 24 ). Metatibia TI3 width/length: 0.19–0.20; anterodorsal surface with seven spines; anteroventral surface with 26–29 spines, and 44–49 long, slender setae; posterior surface with five or six spines, and 69–72 long, slender setae; posterodorsal surface with 18–19 spines and 10–11 short, slender setae (not illustrated); posteroventral surface with 35–36 spines (not illustrated), and tibial comb of seven or eight spines ( Figs. 22 , 24 ). Metatarsus TA3 width/length: 0.17; anterior surface with seven to nine spines; anteroventral surface with 31–35 spines, and 260–265 swimming hairs; posterodorsal surface with 47–48 spines, 13–14 short, slender setae and 576–580 swimming hairs; posteroventral surface with 39–41 spines. TA3/CL1: 9.39–9.78; TA3/CL2: 8.95–9.34.

Abdomen. G4/D4: 4, G5/D5: 3–5. Lateral spines of the abdominal segments (right side): I, zero; II–III, one short; IV, five or six short, two long; V, six or seven short, five long; VI, seven or eight short, four long; VII, 15–21 short, seven to ten long; VIII, nine short, eight long.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 12. Sigara (Tropocorixa) schadei. 1, egg. 2, chorionic surface. 3 – 5, pterothorax: 3, instar II; 4, instar III; 5, instar V. 6, short, lanceolate setae from the setose area of the mesonotum, instar V. 7, long, lanceolate setae from the internal margin of the wing pads, instar V. 8, apically serrate setae, from the posterior margin of the wing pads, instar V. 9, antenna, instar I, ventral surface. 10 – 11, antenna, instar III: 10, dorsal surface; 11, ventral surface. 12, antenna, instar V, ventral surface. Scale bars (in mm): Fig. 1 = 0.60, Fig. 2 = 0.05, Fig. 3 = 0.50, Fig. 4 = 0.80, Fig. 5 = 1.00, Figs. 10 – 11 = 0.20, Figs. 6 – 9 = 0.10, Fig. 12 = 0.30.

FIGURES 13 – 17. Sigara (Tropocorixa) schadei. Anterior leg, anterior surface: 13, instar I; 14, instar II; 15, instar III; 16, instar IV; 17, instar V. A: anterior; AD: anterodorsal; AV: anteroventral; BT: behind tibial comb; CL: claw; DR: dorsal row; IS: inner surface; LR: lower row; TC: tibial comb; UR: upper row. Scale bars (in mm): Fig. 13 = 0.20, Figs. 14 – 15 = 0.30, Fig. 16 = 0.50, Fig. 17 = 0.60.

FIGURES 18 – 22. Sigara (Tropocorixa) schadei. 18, mesoleg, instar I, anterior surface. 19, mesotibia and mesotarsus, instar I, posterior surface. 20 – 21, metaleg, anterior surface: 20, instar I; 21, instar III. 22, metafemur and metatibia, instar V, anterior surface. A: anterior; AD: anterodorsal; AV: anteroventral; LA: lower area; MA: middle area; P: posterior; PD: posterodorsal; PV: posteroventral; TC: tibial comb; UA: upper area; V: ventral. Scale bars (in mm): Figs. 18 – 19 = 0.30, Figs. 20 – 21 = 0.40, Fig. 22 = 0.60.

FIGURES 23 – 24. Sigara (Tropocorixa) schadei. 23, metaleg, instar I, posterior surface. 24, metafemur and metatibia, instar V, posterior surface. Scale bars (in mm): Fig. 23 = 0.40, Fig. 24 = 0.80.