Runcinioides litteratus ( Piza, 1933 )

Faleiro, Bárbara T. & Santos, Adalberto J., 2019, Revision of the crab-spiders of the genus Runcinioides Mello-Leitão, 1929 (Araneae, Thomisidae), Zootaxa 4567 (1), pp. 25-46 : 37-40

Runcinioides litteratus ( Piza, 1933)

( Figs 1 a–b, 9–14, 15b)

Metadiaea litterata Piza, 1933: 46 , fig. 2. Piza 1937: 179; Soares 1944: 153.

Misumenops litteratus (Piza) . Rinaldi 1988: 23, figs 5–8.

Runcinioides litteratus (Piza) . Lehtinen & Marusik 2008: 191.

Type material. Female holotype (IBSP 138196) from Brazil, São Paulo, Piracicaba, W.C. Vasconcellos leg., examined.

Diagnosis. Males of R. litteratus differ from those of R. argenteus in the distinct bulging base of embolus ( Figs 9c , 11e , 14 a–b, d). Females differ in the coupling pocket longer than wide and with a tubular shape ( Figs 9a , 10e , 13 a–c).

Description. Female (holotype): Carapace brown, with one median, pale-yellow band ( Figs 10a, c ). Ocular area pale-yellow ( Fig. 10c ). Chelicerae pale-yellow with a dark spot at the proximal margin of the basal segment ( Fig. 10c ), endites light brown at the base, gradually becoming lighter towards the apex ( Fig. 10d ). Labium and sternum light brown ( Fig. 10d ). Legs I and II brown, III and IV pale-yellow ( Fig. 10 a–b). Legs I and II with five pairs of lateroventral macrosetae on the tibia and eight pairs on the metatarsus ( Fig. 10 a–b). Anterior half of opisthosoma dark yellow, with a marginal brown band, one median, inverted V-shaped brown spot and two brown spots. Posterior half is pale-yellow ( Fig. 10a ). Venter of opisthosoma, spinnerets and anal tubercle pale-yellow ( Fig. 10b ).

Measurements. Total length 8.47, prosoma length 3.55, width 3.8, clypeus height 0.33, sternum length 1.65, width 1.63, opisthosoma length 4.92, width 4.31. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp: 2.59 (0.76, 0.38, 0.56, -, 0.89), I: 13.25 (3.91, 1.53, 3.3, 3.09, 1.42), II: 12.55 (3.8, 1.4, 3.09, 2.84, 1.42), III: 6.55 (2.28, 0.84, 1.53, 1.14, 0.76), IV: 7.14 (2.54, 0.84, 1.6, 1.4, 0.76).

Variation. Female (N=15), total length 6.75–9.74, prosoma length 2.84–4.06, width 3.2–3.96, opisthosoma length 3.5–5.83, width 3.3–6.34. The color pattern of females is very variable; prosoma and legs I and II can be brown to almost white; the dorsum of the opisthosoma can vary from dark brown with many spots to almost white, without spots ( Figs 1 a–b, 12).

Male (from Brazil, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, UFMG 5963): Color pattern as in the male of R. argenteus ( Figs 11 a–d).

Measurements. Total length 3.44, prosoma length 1.53, width 1.73, clypeus height 0.23, sternum length 0.74, width 0.81, opisthosoma length 1.91, width 1.5. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp: 0.82 (0.51, 0.18, 0.13 -, 0.86), I: 7.89 (2.29, 0.76, 1.96, 1.81, 1.07), II: 7.65 (2.36, 0.71, 1.91, 1.86, 0.81), III: 3.48 (1.12, 0.25, 0.84, 0.76, 0.51), IV: 3,59 (1.12, 0.36, 0.84, 0.81, 0.46).

Variation. Male (N=24), total length 2.62–3.71, prosoma length 1.27–1.63, width 1.45–2.68, opisthosoma length 1.35–2.08, width 0.89–1.86.

Natural history. Like the other species of the genus, R. litteratus live in flowers. It has been collected in Gardenia jasminioides J. Ellis (Rubiaceae) (UFMG 22088), Bauhinia sp. ( Caesalpinioideae ) (UFMG 4104) and in Melostomataceae (UFMG 22086).

Distribution. Eastern Brazil, from the state of Paraíba to Rio Grande do Sul ( Fig. 15b ).

Material examined. BRAZIL. Alagoas: 4 ♂, Maceió, Bairro Mangabeiras , [9°38'50''S, 35°42'50''W], C. A. Camargo & E. Dante leg., 30 October 1952 ( MZSP 2380 ). Bahia : 1 ♂, Iraquara, Pratinha , [12°21'9''S, 41°32'30''W], L.S. Rocha leg., 22 December 1998 ( IBSP 20758 ) ; 1 ♀, Mata de São João, Reserva Particular de Camurujipe , [12°31'0''S, 38°2'14''W], P. Fonseca leg., May 2006 ( IBSP 68565 ) ; 1 ♂, São José da Vitória, Serra do Areial , [15°5'41.5''S, 39°22'35.5''W, 223m], A. Anker et al. leg., 30 December 2014 ( UFMG 17862 ) ; 1 ♂, Una, Reserva Biológica de Una , [15°10'23''S, 39°7'56''W], A.D. Brescovit et al. leg., 15–28 November 2000 ( IBSP 47140 ) . Distrito Federal: 1 ♀, Brasília , [15°46'47''S, 47°55'47''W], C.C. Nogueira et al. leg., April 1997 ( IBSP 11921 ) . Minas Gerais: 1 ♀, Belo Horizonte , [19°55'15''S, 43°56'16''W], A.J. Santos leg., 15 April 1994 ( IBSP 26664 ) ; 1 ♀, Bairro Coração Eucarístico, Campus da PUC-MG, [19°55'0''S, 43°59'0''W], J.E.M. Dias leg., 5 July 2010 ( UFMG 4104 ) ; 1 ♀, Bairro Jardim América , [19°56'41''S, 43°58'24''W, 937 m], J.G.L. Costa leg., 24 March 2009 ( UFMG 1505 ) ; 1 ♀, Bairro Luxemburgo , [19°56'54.4''S, 43°57'24.44''W, 957 m], L.C. Montresor leg., 20 April 2001 ( UFMG 841 ) ; 1 ♀, Bairro Ouro Preto , [19°52'38.5''S, 43°58'53''W], A.J. Santos leg., 14 March 2016 ( UFMG 22089 ) ; 1 ♀, Bairro Santa Mônica , [19°49'30.53''S, 43°58'45.95''W, 825 m], C. Freitas leg., 17 February 2001 ( UFMG 920 ) ; 1 ♀, Campus da UFMG, ICB, [19°52'6''S, 43°57'57''W, 835 m], P.H. Martins leg., 25 April 2013 ( UFMG 12660 ) ; 1 ♀, Campus da UFMG, Jardim do CAD II, [19°51'53''S, 43°57'38''W], R.F. Magalhães leg., 11 January 2018 ( UFMG 22088 ) ; 1 ♀, Estação Ecológica da UFMG, [19°52'38''S, 43°58'16''W, 845 m], E. S.S. Álvares & E.O. Machado leg., January 2001 ( UFMG 121 ) ; 1 ♀, January 2001 ( UFMG 3968 ) ; 1 ♂, December 2000 ( UFMG 3973 ) ; 1 ♀, E.S.S. Álvares leg., 11 May 2002 ( UFMG 1676 ) ; 1 ♂, October 2000 ( UFMG 5963 ) ; 1 ♂, B.T. Faleiro leg., 9 September 2009 ( UFMG 3220 ) ; 1 ♂, 14 November 2015 ( UFMG 22086 ) ; 1 ♂, B.T. Faleiro et al. leg., 19 November 2011 ( UFMG 10072 ) ; 1 ♀, P.L.S. Miranda leg., 26 May 2010 ( UFMG 4777 ) ; 1 ♂, [19°52'50.6''S, 43°58'19.6''W, 840 m], A.F. Kumagai et al. leg., 23–30 January 2017 ( UFMG 22087 ) ; 1 ♂, [19°52'38''S, 43°58'16''W, 845 m], E.S.S. Álvares leg., 3 February 2000 ( UFMG 22101 ) ; 1 ♂, Parque Ecológico da Lagoa do Nado , [19°50'5.27''S, 43°57'34.7''W, 785 m], M. de Maria et al. leg., 6 October 2004 ( UFMG 1302 ) ; 1 ♂, Parque Municipal das Mangabeiras , [19°57'14.86''S, 43°54'19.15''W], H.H. Santos et al. leg., 20–22 January 2009 ( UFMG 8001 ) ; 10 ♂ ( UFMG 22102 ) ; 1 ♂, Catas Altas, Serra do Caraça , [20°5'51''S, 43°29'18''W], 17 November 1961 ( MZSP 3329 ) ; 1 ♀, Contagem, Bairro Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Rua Virgílio César , [19°54'38.5''S, 44°5'8.3''W, 904 m], P.H. Martins leg., 13 January 2015 ( UFMG 22090 ) ; 3 ♂, Itaobim , [16°31'58.6''S, 41°30'37.5''W, 464 m], I.L.F. Magalhães et al. leg., 25 November 2011 ( UFMG 10103 ) ; 1 ♀, Monte Santo de Minas , [21°11'24''S, 46°58'48''W], F.S. Pereira leg., 1–5 April 1942 ( MZSP 100 ) ; 1 ♀, Santana do Riacho , [19°7'5.98''S, 43°40'47.48''W, 1122 m], P. Henrique leg., 2 June 2011 ( UFMG 7615 ) ; 2 ♂, São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo, Estação de Preservação e Desenvolvimento Ambiental de Peti , [19°53'0''S, 43°22'0''W], C.S. Azevedo leg., 12 November 1999 ( UFMG 831 ) . Pernambuco : 1 ♂, Santa Cruz do Capibaribe, Serra do Pará , [7°52'29.2''S, 36°24'10.06''W], F.M.G. Las-Casas leg., 26 March 2012 ( UFMG 13592 ) ; 1 ♂, 23 May 2013 ( UFMG 13618 ) . Rio Grande do Sul : 1 ♀, Derrubadas, Parque Estadual do Turvo , [27°14'51''S, 53°57'28''W, 440 m], G. H.F. Azevedo & A.J. Santos leg., 21 March 2011 ( UFMG 10244 ) . São Paulo: 1 ♀, Águas da Prata , [21°56'12''S, 46°43'0''W], V.C. Onófrio leg., 11 April 1998 ( IBSP 17522 ) ; 4 ♂, Baruerí , [23°30'38''S, 46°54'34''W], K. Lenko leg., 7 January 1961 ( MZSP 1263 ) ; 5 ♂, 21–22 January 1960 ( MZSP 1270 ) ; 3 ♂, 13 January 1962 ( MZSP 2182 ) ; 1 ♀, 20 March 1965 ( MZSP 5537 ) ; 1 ♀, Botucatu , [22°53'9''S, 48°26'42''W], H. Rubião & C.A. Mantovan leg., 5 May 1965 ( MNRJ 11504 ) ; 1 ♀, Campinas, Loteamento Três Pontes Souza , [22°49'39''S, 46°56'13''W], 30 March–1 April 2009 ( IBSP 137428 ) ; 1 ♀, Carapicuiba , [23°31'21''S, 46°50'8''W], R.M.N. Gervauskão leg., 11 September 2000 ( IBSP 27458 ) ; 1 ♂, Diadema , [23°41'9''S, 46°37'22''W], P. Biasi leg., 11 February 1961 ( MZSP 1243 ) ; 1 ♂, Iporanga , [24°35'9''S, 48°35'34''W], K. Lenko & H. Reichardt leg., January–November 1901 ( MZSP 6824 ) ; 1 ♀, Itirapina , [22°15'10''S, 47°49'22''W], 21 May 1992 ( IBSP 6108 ) ; 1 ♀, Jundiaí, Reserva Biológica Municipal da Serra do Japi , [23°12'31''S, 46°57'58''W], A.D. Brescovit leg., 27 April 1996 ( IBSP 7038 ) ; 1 ♂, A.J. Santos leg., 19 December 1996 ( IBSP 38788 ) ; 1 ♀, Mairiporã , [23°19'8''S, 46°35'13''W], 5 June 2002 ( IBSP 34897 ) ; 2 ♂, Monte Alegre do Sul, Fazenda Santa Maria , [22°40'55''S, 46°40'51''W], B.A.M. Soares leg., 27–31 December 1942 ( MZSP 342 ) ; 1 ♀, Osasco , [23°31'58''S, 46°47'31''W], 2005 ( IBSP 5 7290) ; 1 ♀, A.R. Miranda leg., 18 July 2012 ( IBSP 212148 ) ; 1 ♀, Piracicaba , [22°43'30''S, 47°38'56''W], A. Corrêa leg., 27 February 1942 ( MZSP 113 ) ; 1 ♂, Reserva do Iguaçu, UHE Governador Ney Aminthas de Barros Braga , [25°59'53''S, 51°59'14''W], R. Pinto-da-Rocha & A.P. Barreto leg., 22 November 1991 ( MZSP 74364 ) ; 1 ♀, Santo André, Distrito Paranapiacaba , [23°46'39''S, 46°17'59''W] ( IBSP 212275 ) ; 1 ♀, São Bento do Sapucaí , [22°41'20''S, 45°43'51''W], C. Costa, 22 March 1 998 ( IBSP 16220 ) ; 1 ♀, São Paulo , [23°32'51''S, 46°38'10''W], L.H. Pereira leg., July 1991 ( IBSP 5728 ) ; 1 ♀, March 1996 ( IBSP 6923 ) ; 1 ♀, S.E. Soares leg., 25 March 1997 ( IBSP 11922 ) ; 1 ♀, March 1997 ( IBSP 13994 ) ; 1 ♀, A. Eterovic leg., June 1997 ( IBSP 14018 ) ; 1 ♀, P.E. Vilella leg., 30 April 1997 ( IBSP 14033 ) ; 1 ♀, W. Adinolti leg., 5 June 1996 ( IBSP 14038 ) ; 1 ♀, R.A. Pinto leg., 11 January 1998 ( IBSP 16256 ) ; 1 ♀, C.R. Bertim leg., 1 August 1998 ( IBSP 20419 ) ; 1 ♀, M. Procópio leg., 13 March 2000 ( IBSP 27414 ) ; 1 ♀, S.C. Scoldafemi leg., 20 May 2002 ( IBSP 34907 ) ; 1 ♀, [23°33'1''S, 46°38'2''W], V.W. Maier leg., 9 July 2016 ( IBSP 211560 ) ; 1 ♀, I.R. Presoto leg., 20 April 2015 ( IBSP 211700 ) ; 1 ♀, E.B. Crispino leg., 23 March 2013 ( IBSP 211810 ) ; 1 ♀, Bairro Butantãn, Parque da Previdência , [23°34'51''S, 46°43'34''W], J. Império leg., 15 February 2001 ( IBSP 29111 ) ; 1 ♂, 27 November 2000 ( IBSP 29112 ) ; 1 ♀, Bairro Cháacara Flora , [23°38'44''S, 46°41'1''W], O.M. Emaculada leg., 17 April 2014 ( IBSP 165095 ) ; 1 ♀, Campus da USP, [23°33'33.51''S, 46°42'56.4''W, 723 m], E.S.S. Álvares leg., 8 June 2002 ( UFMG 1681 ) ; 1 ♀, Campus da USP, Instituto de Biociências , [23°33'55''S, 46°43'51''W], L. Camargo leg., 12 May 2003 ( IBSP 39879 ) ; 1 ♀, Campus da USP, Creche USP, [23°33'50''S, 46°42'55''W], 26 February 2016 ( IBSP 211470 ) ; 1 ♀, Campus do Instituto Butantan , [23°34'3''S, 46°43'6''W], L.T. Miglio leg., 8 May 2004 ( IBSP 43687 ) ; 1 ♀, Morumbi , [23°35'48''S, 46°43'15''W], E.R. Kiritschenco leg., 15 February 2000 ( IBSP 26856 ) ; 1 ♀, C.V. Janini leg., 22 March 2007 ( IBSP 73195 ) ; 1 ♀, Parque Ibirapuera , [23°35'18''S, 46°39'32''W], M. Gervatawskos leg., 15 April 2002 ( IBSP 35016 ) ; 2 ♂, Parque Residencial Cocaia, Represa Billings , [23°45'55''S, 46°40'59''W], H. Urban leg., 4 December 1952 ( MZSP 1701 ) ; 1 ♂, 23 November 1952 ( MZSP 1750 ) ; 1 ♂, November 1949 ( MZSP 1809 ) ; 1 ♂, Sacomã , [23°36'53''S, 46°35'49''W], J.L. Lima leg., 14 February 1942 ( MZSP 74368 ) ; 1 ♀, Tremembé , [22°57'30''S, 45°32'58''W], M. Kratzsch leg., 2 May 1973 ( IBSP 2644 ) ; 1 ♀, São Roque , [23°31'44''S, 47°8'6''W], F. Lane leg., 7 March 1976 ( MZSP 74367 ) ; 1 ♀, Vargem Grande Paulista , [23°36'10''S, 47°1'33''W], W.G. Cintra leg., 20 April 2015 ( IBSP 211539 ) . Sergipe : 1 ♂ 1 imm., São Cristovão, Campus da UFSE, [10°55'34''S, 37°6'8''W] ( IBSP 10347 ) .

Figures

FIGURE 1a–d. Runcinioides spp., live specimens (a–b Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933), c–d Runcinioides argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929). a female from Belo Horizonte, Brazil (UFMG 22089, photo by L.S. Carvalho); b female from Belo Horizonte, Brazil (UFMG 12660, photo by P.H. Martins); c male from Campos do Jordão, Brazil, in Ruellia sp. (Acanthaceae) (UFMG 22095, photo by V.S.R. Diniz); d female from Campos do Jordão, Brazil, in an unidentified Asteraceae, feeding on a Syrphinae fly (UFMG 22093, photo by V.S.R. Diniz).

FIGURE 9a–d. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (a–b female holotype, c–d male, UFMG 5963). a epigynum ventral; b vulva dorsal; c–d left palp (c ventral, d retrolateral). Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; BP, embolus bulging process; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 0.1 mm. b–c, 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 10a–f. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (female holotype). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e epigynum ventral; f vulva dorsal. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk. Scale bars: a–d, 1.0 mm. e, 0.3 mm. f, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 11a–f. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (male, UFMG 5963). a–b habitus (a dorsal, b ventral); c–d prosoma (c frontal, d ventral); e–f left palp (e ventral, f retrolateral). Abbreviations: BP, embolus bulging process; Cy, cymbium; E, embolus; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a–b, 1.0 mm. c, 0.5 mm. d–f, 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 13a–f. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (female, UFMG 4777). a epigynum ventral; b–c coupling pocket (b posterior, c ventral); d–e vulva (d dorsal, e anterior retrolateral); f right spermatheca gland. Abbreviations: AO, anchor openings; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; CP, coupling pocket; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermatheca gland; SS, spermatheca stalk. Scale bars: a–b, d–e, 100 µm. c, 50 µm. f, 10 µm.

FIGURE 14a–f. Runcinioides litteratus (Piza, 1933) (male. UFMG 22102). a–e left palp (a ventral, b ventral base, c embolus tip detail, d retrolateral, e RTA tip detail retrolateral); f claws retrolateral ventral of left leg I. Abbreviations: BP, embolus bulging process; E, embolus; PS, pseudotenent setae; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum; Tu, tutaculum; TR, tegulum ridge; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: a, d, 300 µm. b, f, 100 µm. c, 5 µm. e, 20 µm.

FIGURE 15a–b. Geographic distribution records of Runcinioides species. a R. argenteus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (large orange triangle indicates the type locality); b R. litteratus (Piza, 1933) (large, light blue circle indicates the type locality).