Bengalia fuscipennis Bezzi, 1913

Rognes, Knut, 2018, Revision of the Bengalia torosa Wiedemann, 1819 species-group (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with notes on the systematic position of B. robertsi Kurahashi, 1987 and B. subnitida James, 1964, Zootaxa 4391 (1), pp. 1-71 : 22-26

Bengalia fuscipennis Bezzi, 1913

( Figs 77–99 )

Bengalia fuscipennis Bezzi, 1913: 75 (as “ Bengalia fuscipennis (B. B.) n.”). LecToType ♂ (ETHZ; for deTails see “ Type material examined”), by designation of Rognes (2009a: 96). Type locality: Taiwan [as “ Formosa ”], Tainan.

Pollenoides kuyanianus MaTsumura, 1916: 405 . LecToType ♂ (HUS; for deTails see “Type maTerial examined”), by designaTion of Rognes (2009a: 99), where the synonymy was established. Type locality: Taiwan, Kuyania.

Bengalia siamensis Senior-WhiTe, 1924 : 106, figs 1–3. HoloType ♂ (NHMUK; for deTails see “ Type maTerial examined”), by original designation. Type locality: Thailand (Doi Chom Chang). Syn. nov. [NB: the bacilliform sclerite process is nicely figured by Senior-White, but the structure is not present among the holotype preparations.]

Bengalia siamensis: Senior-White et al. (1940 : 93 –94, fig. 45) ( Thailand).

Bengalia (Ochromyia) taiwanensis Fan, 1965: 194 . HoloType ♂ (SIBSCAS; noT examined, buT phoTographs seen), by monotypy (“a single male”). Type locality: Taiwan. [NB: the holotype is labelled “Rimogan F / June 21 1935 ”. Rimogan is Japanese for the Mandarin name for Fushan (see Chiu et al. 1984: 54), located in the Wenshan District, Taipei, Taiwan (according to Weibing Zhu, Shanghai). The “F” refers to “Formosa”. Synonymy first suggested by Fan (1997: 456) but formally established by Rognes (2009b: 25).]

Bengalia taiwanensis: Fan (1992 : 534; 1997: 454) (Taiwan).

Bengalia taiwanensis: Feng et al. (1998: 1380) ( China [Guangdong], Taiwan).

Bengalia fuscipennis: Verves (2005: 239; catalogue entry).

Bengalia siamensis: Verves (2005: 240; catalogue entry).

Bengalia taiwanensis: Verves (2005: 240; catalogue entry).

Gangelomyia kosungana Lehrer, 2007: 16 . HoloType ♂ ( SDEI; for deTails see “ Type maTerial examined”), by original designation. Type locality: Taiwan. Syn. nov.

Gangelomyia laoziella Lehrer, 2007: 18 . HoloType ♂ ( SDEI; for deTails see “ Type maTerial examined”) by original designaTion. Type locality: Taiwan ( Taihorinsho ). Syn. nov.

Bengalia taiwanensis: Rognes (2009a) .

Bengalia fuscipennis: Rognes (2009a) .

Pollenoides kyanianus: Rognes (2009a: passim) .

Bengalia fuscipennis: Rognes (2009b: 24–25) (discussion of a male and a female in MNHN, correctly identified (listed below), and a specimen of B. emarginatoides Rognes, 2009 (now paralectotype) from “ Ceylan … Kandy” misidentified earlier by Séguy (1946) as B. fuscipennis ; the misidentification is the origin of the erroneous citation by James (1977) and Verves (2005) of B. fuscipennis as occurring in Sri Lanka).

Bengalia fuscipennis: Yang et al. (2014: 89) (Taiwan) .

? Bengalia siamensis: Sinha & Banerjee (2016: 5–10) (first record from India [Uttarakhand Province, Almora district, “ Kumaun Hills, Ranikhet , 5000 ft ”]).

Diagnosis. Male. Length: 12.0–14.0mm (n=3). Frons at vertex / head width ratio 0.31–0.32 (mean 0.31, n=4). A pale species ( Fig. 99 ). Anepimeron with a bundle of black setulae in upper half and pale yellow setulae in more than lower half ( Fig. 92 ). Dark spot on upper part of parafacial variable: small and not very dark or very dark, almost as in B. escheri . Very narrow hind marginal bands on abdominal tergites ( Figs 94, 99 ). T5 pale. Fore femur darkened apically in some specimens. Fore femur with numerous densely set setulae on a and av surfaces ( Figs 97– 98 ). Fore tibia with 2–3 strong spinous setae more or less at a right angle with tibia, and with a few shorter spinous setae above them ( Figs 90, 98 ). r-m crossvein of wing covered by a pale area ( Fig. 95 ). ST5 flap slightly variable ( Figs 80, 83 , 91, 96 ), with pronounced posterolateral corners and very slightly concave distal margin, and with a small broad process on each side. Cercus narrow, evenly narrowing to a point in dorsal view ( Fig. 77 ). Surstylus broad in its broadest aspect, with a pronounced excavation ventrodistally ( Fig. 79 ). Bacilliform sclerite process apically with a narrow pointed projection directed towards base of cerci, and another projection directed in the opposite direction, broader and usually rounded at tip. The stalk of the process has a concave hind margin ( Figs 78– 79 ). Distiphallus as in Figs 81–82, 84–87 . Distal lip process (dlp) bifurcate in apical view ( Figs 82, 86 ). Opening of the ejaculatory duct flanked by conspicuous dentate projections ( Figs 82, 85 ). Pre- and postgonite as in Fig. 88 .

Female. Length: 12.0–13.0mm (n=5). Frons at vertex / head width ratio 0.33–0.35 (mean 0.34, n=5). Females are identifiable on the combination of pale area around r-m crossvein of wing and numerous pale setulae in at least lower half of anepimeron.

Discussion. The holotypes of G. kosungana and G. laoziella both have a bacilliform sclerite process as in Figs 78–79 , and a prominent nick in the surstylus. The ST5 flap is also typical of B. fuscipennis . Lehrer (2007) did not explain why he considered these two nominal species to be different taxa, and did not illustrate their bacilliform sclerite processes.

Sinha & Banerjee (2016) discussed a male specimen from India (Uttarakhand province) collected by Hem Singh Pruthi and deposited in the collection of the Diptera Section of the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. The specimen was collected from “Kumaun Hills, Ranikhet, 5000 ft., Reserve forest, opposite Upat …” [in Uttarakhand Province] and identified by them as B. siamensis Senior-White (= B. fuscipennis Bezzi ).

Sinha & Banerjee (2016) did not illustrate the bacilliform sclerite process, nor did they refer to Senior-White’s excellent figure ( Senior-White 1924: 107, fig. 2; reproduced in Senior-White et al. 1940: 94, fig. 45, annotated in main text “Anterior clasper [= bacilliform sclerite process] with a backwardly directed spur”). The shape of the ST5 flap ( Sinha & Banerjee 2016, plates 2, 6) is less angulate laterally than is usual in B. fuscipennis and resembles that of B. escheri from “ Burma ” ( Fig. 51 ). The anepimeron is described as having “many black setae”, but no mention is made of the exclusively pale setulae in the lower half of the anepimeron present in all B. fuscipennis ( Fig. 92 ). The pale area around the r-m crossvein is not mentioned in the text, but it is visible in their plate 1. The legs, as well as the abdomen, are described as yellow, the abdomen with narrow dark margins, which agrees with B. fuscipennis . The fore tibial vestiture with 3 large setae ( Sinha & Banerjee 2016, plate 1a) is intermediate between the condition found in B. escheri , with usually 4–6 or more large setae, and the typical condition found in B. fuscipennis : 2 large setae surrounded by a few irregularly-sized setae, mostly proximally (a paratype of G. laoziella Lehrer from Tappani, Taiwan, exceptionally has 3 strong setae on the right fore tibia, whereas the left one has 2).

There are a few errors in the legends to the figures of the distiphallus in Sinha & Banerjee (2016) that deserve mention. Their “ext.hy.l.” (plates 11, 12, 14) is the lateral finger (lf, Fig. 86 ), not a part of the external hypophallic lobe. Their “int.hy.l” (plates 11, 12) is the external hypophallic lobe, whereas their “int.hy.l.” in plate 10 is the true internal hypophallic lobe. The true internal hypophallic lobe is unlabelled in plate 12.The structure labelled “dl.wi” (plate 12) is one of the semidomes.

Due to all the above, I am not quite convinced by Sinha & Banerjee’s (2016) identification, and therefore only tentatively list this specimen as B. fuscipennis .

Biology. Unknown.

Distribution. China (Guangdong),? India, Taiwan *, Thailand *.

Type material examined. Bengalia fuscipennis Bezzi, 1913 . LECTOTYPE ♂ (ETHZ), PARALECTOTYPE ♀ (ETHZ). [Details of specimens and labels are given by Rognes (2009a: 96) ( Fig. 89 ); my lectotype and paralectotype labels were affixed to the specimens by Franziska Schmid (ETHZ) after they had been returned; they read, respectively: LECTOTYPE (m) / Bengalia fuscipennis / Bezzi, 1913: 75 / Esch.-Künd. no. 13232 / des. K. Rognes 2009; and PARALECTOTYPE (f) / Bengalia fuscipennis / Bezzi, 1913: 75 / Esch.-Künd. no. 13233 / des. K. Rognes 2009.]

Additional remarks. Bezzi (1913) described Bengalia fuscipennis on the basis of a male and female from Taiwan and characterized the male on the basis of femoral colour and fore tibial spinosity, referring to a figure (Bezzi 1913: 74 fig. B). He was in doubt about his use of the name. He cited an entry in Brauer & Bergenstamm (1889: 158) for “ Ochromyia Mcq. fuscipennis Mcq. ” from “Ostindien, Amboina ”. Bezzi cited various other Brauer & Bergenstamm publications and concluded that the citation was a misunderstanding and that they actually meant Ochromyia ferruginea Doleschall, 1857 (from Amboina in Malucu ). This is a nomen dubium according to Thompson & Pape (2013).

Pollenoides kuyanianus Matsumura, 1916 . LECTOTYPE ♂ (HUS). [Details of specimens and labels were given by Rognes (2009a: 95–96).]

Bengalia siamensis Senior-White, 1924 . HOLOTYPE ♂ (NHMUK), labelled (1) Holo / type [printed on white label with red rim]; (2) N. Siam: / Doi Chom Chang. / nr. Chiengmai. / 13.iv.1921. / Dr. M. E. Barnes. / 1921.393. [handwritten in pencil]; (3) Bengalia / siamensis / TYPE ♂. sp. nov. / R.S:W. 1923. [handwritten in black ink] [The terminalia are mounted in Canada balsam on a celluloid plate on the pin, with no cover slip; habitus and head photographs were provided by Sinha & Banerjee (2016: 8, plates 15–16)].

Gangelomyia kosungana Lehrer, 2007 . HOLOTYPE ♂ (SDEI), labelled (1) FormosaI / (Rolle) San… (illegible) [handwritten]; (2) coll Oldenberg [printed]; (3) Bengalia / Escheri / Bezzi [handwritten]; (4) HOLOTYPUS [black print on red label]; (5) Gangelomyia ♂ / kosungana n. sp. / Det. Dr. A.Z.LEHRER / 2006 [Dissected by Lehrer; terminalia in glycerol, transferred to glass microvial by me].

Gangelomyia laoziella Lehrer, 2007 . HOLOTYPE ♂ (SDEI), labelled (1) Taihorinsho / Formosa / H. Sauter XI.10 [printed, but date handwritten]; (2) Villeneuve det. [printed]; (3) HOLOTYPUS [black print on red label]; (4) Gangelomyia ♂ / laoziella n. sp. / Det. Dr. A.Z.LEHRER / 2006 [Dissected by Lehrer; terminalia in glycerol, transferred to glass microvial by me]. PARATYPES (all in SDEI; four seemingly originally identified by Villeneuve as Bengalia fuscipennis and placed under his single determination label); • 1 ♂, labelled (1) Fuhosho / Formosa / H. Sauter VII 0 9 [printed, but date handwritten]; (2) Villeneuve det. [printed]; (3) PARATYPUS [printed on red label]; (4) Gangelomyia ♂ / laoziella n. sp. / Det. Dr. A.Z.LEHRER / 2006 [Dissected by Lehrer; terminalia in glycerol, transferred to glass microvial by me]; • 1 ♂, labelled (1) Kosempo / Formosa / Sauter VII 0 9 [printed, but month handwritten]; (2) Bengalia / fuscipennis / Bezzi / Villeneuve det. [handwritten by Villeneuve, last line printed]; (3) Villeneuve det. [printed]; (4) PARATYPUS [printed on red label]; (5) Gangelomyia ♂ / laoziella n. sp. / Det. Dr. A.Z.LEHRER / 2006 [Dissected by Lehrer; terminalia in glycerol, transferred to glass microvial by me]; • 2 ♂, labelled (1) Taihorinsho / Formosa / H. Sauter XI.10.; (2) Villeneuve det. [printed]; (3) fuscipennis [handwritten in pencil]; (4) PARATYPUS [printed on red label]; (5) Gangelomyia ♂ / laoziella n. sp. / Det. Dr. A.Z.LEHRER / 2006 [Dissected by Lehrer; terminalia in glycerol, transferred to glass microvial by me]; • 1 ♂, labelled (1) Tappani / Formosa / H. Sauter XI.09 [top line and date handwritten, the rest printed]; (2) Bengalia / Escheri / Bezzi [handwritten]; (3) det. Baranoff [printed]; (4) coll. Oldenberg [printed]; (5) PARATYPUS [printed on red label]; (5) Gangelomyia ♂ / laoziella n. sp. / Det. Dr. A.Z.LEHRER / 2006 [Dissected by Lehrer; terminalia in glycerol, transferred to glass microvial by me.

Other material examined. CMNH. Taiwan: 1 ♂, labelled (1) TAIWAN: Kaohsiung / Shanping. 640 m. / 21– 30 April 1988 / C.Young, R.Davidson / J.Rawlins; (2) Bengalia ♂ / taiwanensis / Fan, 1965 / Det. H.Kurahashi [both printed labels]; 2 ♀, labelled (1) TAIWAN: Kaohsiung / Shanping. 640 m. / 21–30 April 1988 / C.Young, R.Davidson / J.Rawlins; (2) Bengalia ♀ / taiwanensis / Fan, 1965 / Det. H.Kurahashi [both printed labels]; • 1 ♀, labelled (1) TAIWAN: Kaohsiung / Shanping. 640 m. / 11–20 April 1988 / J.Rawlins C.Young / R.Davidson; (2) Bengalia ♀ / taiwanensis / Fan, 1965 / Det. H.Kurahashi [both printed labels]. KR. Taiwan: 1 ♀, labelled (1) TAIWAN, Taitung Hsien / Hsinkangshan above / Chengkang, 800m, 17-22. / IV.1998, A. Smetana / & Lise Robillard [T181] [printed]. MNHN. Taiwan: 1 ♂, labelled (1) Formosa / Sauter; (2) Kosempo / 908. III.21; (3) Bengalia / fuscipennis / Bezzi [handwritten by Villeneuve]; (4) J. VILLENEUVE det. [all labels printed, except third] ( Fig. 93 ); • 1 ♀, labelled (1) Formosa / Sauter; (2) Kosempo / 908.III. [printed] [Specimen severely damaged by dermestid larvae, having lost its head; the abdomen had fallen off and is now glued, upside-down on a piece of card on the same pin, above the labels]. NHMD. Thailand: 1 ♂, labelled (1) THAILAND: Chieng Mai Province / Doi Inthanon N.P.: Huai Sai / Luang 10–1100 m 13.x.1981 / Zool. Museum Copenhagen leg. [printed]; (2) Bengalia ♂ / siamensis / S.- White, 1924 / Det. H. Kurahashi [printed] [Dissected by me; abdominal tergites glued to card on pin, above labels; terminalia in glycerol in glass microvial]; • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, labelled (1) THAILAND: Chieng Mai Province / Doi Suthep N. P. Mahidol / Waterfall, 1250 m 27.ix.1981 / Zool. Museum Copenhagen leg.; (2) Bengalia ♂ [or ♀] / siamensis / S.- White, 1924 / Det. H. Kurahashi [printed]. NMW. Taiwan: 1 ♂, labelled (1) Tainan / Formosa [handwritten]; (2) Bengalia / fuscipennis / Bezzi / det. L. Czerny [handwritten except last line, which is printed in boldface]; • 1 ♂, 5 ♀ [all unlabelled but placed together with and conspecific with the previously-listed, labelled male; I dissected the unlabelled male: its terminalia are placed in glycerol in a glass microvial and T1+2–5 are glued to a piece of card; both pinned together with the source specimen]. [All seven specimens are covered with fungal hyphae to varying extents; all stood in the collection under B. fuscipennis .]. ZMHB. Taiwan: 1 ♂, labelled (1) Formosa I / Sauter Rlle [handwritten]; (2) … [illegible] Rolle / Oct. Dec [?] [handwritten]; (3) Bengalia / fuscipennis / Bezzi / Villeneuve det. [handwritten by Villeneuve except last line, which is printed]; (4) Bengalia / fuscipennis / Bzi [handwritten drawer label [?] with double black frame]; (5) Zool. Mus. / Berlin [printed] [Not dissected].

Figures

FIGURES 77-88. Bengalia fuscipennis Bezzi (77–79, 81–88: male paratype of Gangelomyia laoziella Lehrer from Tappani, Taiwan, SDEI; 80: male from Doi Inthanon N.P., Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, NHMD). 77. Epandrial complex, posterior view. 78. Epandrial complex, left lateral view. 79. Left distal surstylus and bacilliform sclerite process, lateral view. Arrow points to nick in distal surstylus. 80. ST5 flap. 81. Distiphallus, dorsal view. 82. Distiphallus, apical view. 83. ST5 flap. 84. Distiphallus, left lateral view. 85. Distiphallus, apical view. 86. Distiphallus, apical view. 87. Distiphallus, ventral view. 88. Pre- and postgonites. All scale bars = 0.25mm. Abbreviations: bsp = bacilliform sclerite process; dlp = distal lip process; lf = lateral finger; pog = postgonite; prg = pregonite sd = semidomes.

FIGURES 89–99. Bengalia fuscipennis Bezzi (89–91: lectotype, ETHZ; 92: female from Taitung Hsien, Taiwan, KR; 93–99: male from Kosempo, Taiwan, MNHN). 89. Labels. 90. Left fore tibia, outside view. 91. ST5 flap, oblique view. 92. Left anepimeron. 93. Labels. 94. Abdomen, dorsal view. 95. Detail of wing; arrow showing pale area around r-m crossvein. 96. ST5 flap. 97. Fore femora, from front. 98. Left fore leg, inside view. 99. Habitus.

FIGURES 47–59. Bengalia escheri Bezzi (47–49, 51, 53–56, 58–59: male from Mishmi Hills, India [as “Burma”], NHMUK; 50, 52, 57: male from N. Kedah, Changloon, India, NHMUK). 47. Epandrial complex, posterior view (under stereomicroscope). 48. Epandrial complex, posterior view (under compound microscope, for better resolution). 49. Epandrial complex, left lateral view. 50. Epandrial complex, left lateral view. 51. ST5 flap. 52. ST5 flap. 53. Distiphallus, dorsal view. 54. Distiphallus, left lateral view. 55. Distiphallus, ventral view. 56. Distiphallus, apical view. 57. Distiphallus, apical view. 58. Pre- and postgonites. 59. Right fore leg, inside view. Scale bars: 0.5mm (Fig. 48); 0.25mm (Figs 51–56, 58). Abbreviations: bsp = bacilliform sclerite process; dlp = distal lip process; lf = lateral finger; pog = postgonite; prg = pregonite; sd = semidomes.