Lepidosaphes

Miller, Douglass R., Williams, Douglas J. & Davidson, John A., 2006, Key to conifer-infesting species of Lepidosaphes Shimer worldwide (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae), with descriptions of two new species and a redescription of L. pallidula (Williams), Zootaxa 1362, pp. 23-42 : 35-37

Key to conifer infesting species of Lepidosaphes

1 Dorsal ducts absent from submedial areas of segment VII........................................... 2

- Dorsal ducts present in submedial areas of segment VII ............................................ 21

2 Without lateral spurs on abdomen between segments I and II or on segment II........... 3

- With lateral spurs on abdomen between segments I and II or on segment II.............. 14

3 Third space with 2 gland spines .................................................................................... 4

- Third space with fewer than 2 gland spines ............................................................... 10

4 Small or medium macroduct present on dorsum anterior of second lobe .................... 5

- Small or medium macroduct absent from dorsum anterior of second lobe ................. 7

5 Second space with 1 gland spine .................................................................................. 6

- Second space with 2 gland spines .................................................. L. pallida (Maskell)

6 Lateral margins of prepygidial segments not long and finger like; submedial ducts about same size on pygidium and prepygidium ............. L. pinea Borchsenius (in part)

- Lateral margins of prepygidial segments long, finger like; submedial ducts conspicu- ously larger on pygidium than on prepygidium ................................ L. pinicolous Chen

7 Without supernumerary perivulvar pores ...................................................................... 8

- With supernumerary perivulvar pores .................................................. L. pini (Maskell)

8 Inner lobule of second lobe about 2 times as wide as width of outer lobule; 2 gland

spines in second space................................................................................................... 9 - Inner lobule of second lobe more than 2 times as wide as width of outer lobule; 1 gland spine in second space ......................................... L. chamaecyparidis Takagi and Kawai

9 Dorsal submarginal/submedial ducts on segment VI widely spaced .............................. .................................................................... L. murreeana Williams and Miller (in part)

- Dorsal submarginal/submedial ducts on segment VI in cluster ........... L. nivalis Takagi

10 With 2 gland spines in second space ........................................................................... 11

- With 1 gland spine in second space............................................................................. 13

11 Without supernumerary perivulvar pores.................................................................... 12

- With supernumerary perivulvar pores ........................................... L. pineti Borchsenius

12 Dorsal submarginal and submedial ducts on segment 6 widely spaced ......................... .................................................................... L. murreeana Williams and Miller (in part)

- Dorsal submarginal and submedial ducts on segment 6 in cluster ...... L. newsteadi Šulc

13 With 1 gland spine in first space; without small dorsal macroduct anterior of second lobe ................................................................................................ L. juniperi Lindinger

- With 2 gland spines in first space; with small dorsal macroduct anterior of second lobe ...................................................................................... L. pinea (Borchsenius) (in part)

14 Eye not spine like ........................................................................................................ 15

- Eye spine like .............................................................................................................. 19

15 Cicatrices absent.......................................................................................................... 17

- Cicatrices present ........................................................................................................ 16

16 Gland-spine formula 1-1-2 ............................................................. L. yoshimotoi Takagi

- Gland-spine formula 2-2-3 ........................................................ L. cupressi Borchsenius

17 Head without spinules; without dorsomedial duct between median lobes.................. 18

- Head with minute spinules; thin dorsomedial duct between median lobes..................... .................................................................................... L. caribaeae Williams and Miller

18 With 0–5 ducts near base of antennae ................................... L. sciadopitysi McKenzie

- With 8–20 ducts near base of antennae ........................................ L. japonica (Kuwana)

19 With 6 enlarged marginal macroducts on each side of pygidium .............................. 20

- With 7 enlarged marginal macroducts on each side of pygidium ............ piceae (Tang)

20 Tubular ducts abundant on head and prothorax; antennae with 3 or 4 enlarged setae ... ..................................................................................................... L. junipericola (Tang)

- Tubular ducts absent or rare on head and prothorax; antennae with 1 or 2 enlarged setae ......................................................................................... L. pinifolii (Borchsenius)

21 Without minute spinules on head ................................................................................ 22

- With minute spinules on head ..................................................................................... 26

22 Eye not spine like, usually small dome or absent ....................................................... 23

- Eye spine like .............................................................................................................. 24

23 With 6 enlarged marginal macroducts on each side of pygidium ... L. keteleeriae Ferris

- With 4 or 5 enlarged marginal macroducts on each side of pygidium ............................

.................................................................................................. L. araucariae Beardsley 24 Tubular ducts on head restricted to ventral interantennal areas or absent .................. 25

- Tubular ducts scattered on head on dorsum and venter ........... L. piniroxburghii Takagi

25 Submedial macroducts absent from segments I and II; usually with 3 or more subme- dial macroducts on each side of segment VII ...................... L. pseudotsugae Takahashi

- Submedial macroducts present on segments I and II; usually with 1 or 2 submedial macroducts on each side of segment VII ............................... L. tsugaedumosae Takagi

26 Lateral spurs plate like, relatively inconspicuous, with small projection .................. 27

- Lateral spurs cone shaped, conspicuous, without basal plate ..... L. okitsuensis Kuwana

27 Ventrolateral area of segment I with cluster of 20 or more tubercle-like gland spines on each side of body ......................................................................... L. pitysophila (Takagi)

- Ventrolateral area of segment I with cluster of 10 or fewer tubercle-like gland spines on each side of body ................................................................. L. piniphila Borchsenius