Gagea villosa (M.Bieb.) Sweet, Hort. Brit.

Tekşen, Mehtap & Erkul, Seher Karaman, 2015, The synopsis of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae) in Turkey, Phytotaxa 230 (1), pp. 101-129 : 115-117

Gagea villosa (M.Bieb.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. : 418 (1826)

≡ Ornithogalum villosum M.Bieb., Fl. Taur. -Caucas. 1: 274 (1808) ≡ Ornithoxanthum villosum (M.Bieb.) Link, Handbuch 1: 161 (1829) ≡ Gagea villosa (M.Bieb.) Duby, Bot. Gall. 1: 467 (1828) isonym. ≡ Gagea villosa (Labill.) J.F.Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 56: 5 (1918) isonym. = Ornithogalum arvense Pers., Usteri, Ann. Bot. 11: 8, tab. 1, fig. 2 (1794) nom. illeg. = Gagea arvensis (Pers.) Dumort., Fl. Belg. 1: 140 (1827) comb. illeg.

Type (lectotype designated by Heyn & Dafni 1977: 13): — GERMANY (?). “ Ornithogalum arvense P. Herb. Pers. ” ( LE!).

Specimens seen: — TURKEY. Adana: d. Bahçe, Dildil mountain, above Haruniye, 1200 m, 18 April 1956, Davis 26097 ( E!, K!); Saimbeyli, Bozoğlan mountain, Obruk plateau, c. 1400 m, 13 April 1957, Davis 26682 & Hedge ( E!); Afyon: Bayat, Eğerli mountain, N slopes, c. 1550 m, 25 April 1975, M. Vural 357 ( KNYA!, ANK!); Ağrı: 8 km along old pano road from Horasan to Ağrı trough village Tahir, 31 May 1985, M. A. T. Johnson 228 ( K!); Patnos, Kızkapan village, wet places, 1850 m, 26 May 2007, HE.793 ( VANF!); Aksaray: Merkez-Güzelyurt, picnic area, steppe, c. 1000 m, 27 February 2013, M. Tekşen 2888 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!); Gülağaç, Doğantarla, steppe, 1108 m, 29 April 2012, M. Tekşen 2872 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!); ibidem, 10 March 2013, M. Tekşen 2890 & S. Karaman ( GAZI!); Merkez, Karaören village, steppe, 1100 m, 12 February 2013, M. Tekşen 2885 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!); Doğantarla, in and edge of fields, 1146 m, 30 April 2010, M. Tekşen 2330 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!); Amasya: Doğantepe to Kayacık, fields, 11 April 1982, A. & T. Baytop 48456 ( E!); Akdağ, Değirmendere plateau, 31 March 1978, T. Baytop 38978 ( K!); Ankara: Yenikent-Ayaş, Hisarkaya hill environment, steppe, c. 1250 m, 13 April 1986, M. Vural 4010 & A. Güner ( GAZI!); Çubuk, Ovacık-Saraycık village, Yatçapınarı- Örenpınar state, scrub, 1250–1380 m, 25 April 1992, E. Dündar 1149 ( GAZI!); Atlıspor club, roadsides, 850 m, 9 April 1993, F. A. Karavelioğulları 1011 ( GAZI!); Beynam, Beynam forest, Quercus - Pinus nigra forest, 13April 1983, H.Malyer 2850 ( ESSE!); Kırıkkale:Delice, Büyükavşar village, Büyükhemit state, under Quercus , c. 1150 m, 25 March 1990, C. Birden 1006 ( GAZI!); Ayaşbeli, Akyatak state, limestone screes, c. 1300 m, 16 March 1989, Z. Aytaç 2573 ( GAZI!); Incesu river, 22 March 1936, Gassner 198 ( ANK!); Incesu river, 1 May 1933, W. Kotte s.n. ( ANK!); 38 km to Sungurlu, fields, 6 April 1983, H. Malyer 2767 ( ESSE!); Etlik, Kadri Ahmet s.n. ( ANK!); Kepekli Boğazı, 7 March 1971, A. Düzenli 237 ( KNYA!, ANK!); Keçiören, Hacıkadın river, c. 950 m, 22 March 1936, Krause 4960 ( ANK!); Hacıkadın river, 5 April 1955, K. Karamanoğlu s.n. ( ANK!); Yakubabdal village, around of Elmadağ ski lodge, c. 1300–1500 m, 13 April 1983, H. Malyer 2859 ( ESSE!); Şereflikoçhisar, 10 km from Adana-Konya crossroad to Şereflikoçhisar, c. 900 m, 12 April 1983, H. Malyer 2839 ( ESSE!); Dikmen, meadows, 1000 m, 23 May 1945, B. Kasaplıgil 5119 ( ISTF!); Western Taurus (Lycia), Elmali district, Cedrus Research Forest, 1600 m a.s.l., on limestone rich soil, 27 March 2010, L. Peruzzi ( PI!); Central Taurus (Isavria), Ibradi district, Gembos pasture, 1300–1400 m a.s.l., on limestone, 24 March 2010, L. Peruzzi ( PI!); Western Taurus (Lycia), Thermessos National Park, near the ancient ruins, 1001 m a.s.l., on limestone rich soil, 27 March 2010, L. Peruzzi ( PI!); Bitlis: Tatvan, Sorgun, Van lake coast, volcanic terrains, 1650–1700 m, 28 May 1972, H. Peşmen 2752 ( HUB!); Kurudere village, rocky places, 1200 m, 23 April 2002, A. A. 2074 ( VANF!); Bolu: Gerede, Aktaş forest, c. 1050 m, 10 April 1981, H. Malyer 862 ( ESSE!); Çankırı: Şabanözü, 10 km from Çubuk to Şabanözü, roadsides, c. 1300 m, 5 April 1983, H. Malyer 2752 ( ESSE!); Çorum: Sungurlu, Boğazkale (Hatuşaş), Yazılıkaya ruins, c. 1300 m, 7 April 1983, H. Malyer 2769 ( ESSE!); Denizli: Honaz mountain from SW spur, above Cankurtaran spring, 4 June 1967, M. J. Cheese, C. M. & W. 2563 ( E!); Elazığ: Hazar mountains, N slopes, Karaçalı village, c. 1650 m, 4 April 1979, Y. Altan 9 ( ANK!); Erzincan: Kemah, Derebaşı- Tan village, Munzur mountains, 1150–1750 m, 26 April 1980, Ş. Yıldırımlı 2664 ( ANK!); Çağlayan, Çukur arable field, Munzur mountains, 1350–1600 m, 23 April 1980, Ş. Yıldırımlı 2596a ( ANK!); Erzurum: Dumlu to Tortum, 34 km from Erzurum, 20 April 1976, T. Baytop 34887 ( E!); Erzurum-Bayburt road, 19 April 1960, Stainton 8212 ( K!); Atatürk University campus, steppe, 1870 m, 30 April 1971, S. Özyurt 25234 ( ISTF!); Eskişehir: Regulator, 28 April 1985, H. Malyer 7166 ( ESSE!); Seyitgazi, 15 March 1982, I. Erdem 2178 ( ESSE!); Bademlik, 29 March 1981, Ç. Sağdıç 1168 ( ESSE!); Seyitgazi, Türkmendağı, Gülpınar river state, 1575 m, 24 March 2003, T. Güner 9602 ( ANES!); Mahmudiye, Hara, meadows, 24 March 1983, H. Malyer 2713 ( ESSE!); Gaziantep: 47 km from Gaziantep to Bahçe, Sof Dağı, rocky slopes, 26 March 1975, H. Demiriz 5549 ( ESSE!); Osmaniye road, Dülükbaba ruins, rocky places, 1113 m, 13 March 2013, M. Tekşen 2892 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!); Gümüşhane: Gümüşane, 20 April 1960, Stainton 8228 ( E!); Isparta: Sütçüler, Kuzuca village, Totabeli, Pinus nigra forest, N limestone slopes, 1450–1680 m, 17 April 1975, H. Peşmen & A. Güner 2055 ( ANK!); Içel: Asklanköy, Cocakdere, Cocakbaşı state, alpine steppe, 2200–2300 m, 15 May 2004, M. Dinç 2057 ( MR!); Gulnar 18 km after leaning Aydıncık, 31 March 1975, T. Baytop 8434 ( K!); Gulnar; Silifke road 18 km after leaning Gülnar, 31 March 1975, T. Baytop, C. Brikes & B. Mathews 8441 ( K!); Kars: Ağrı mountain, Serdarbulak, 18 May 1979, T. Baytop 41971 ( K!); from Doğrular village Yukarıdemirdöven ridges, throughout road, 1450–2200 m, 30 May 1986, N. Demirkuş 3411 ( HUB!); Kağızman, Paslı, 1650 m, 10 May 1981, A. Güner 18080 ( HUB!); Kahramanmaraş: Göksun, Yanıklar state, clearings of Abies forest, 1600 m, 22 April 1978, B. Yıldız 1639 ( ANK!); Engizek mountain, Körsulak state, wet places, 2450 m, 16 July 1987, H. Duman 3531 ( GAZI!); Başkonuş mountain, N slopes, 1300–1450 m, 14 May 1998, Ö. Varol 2206 ( VANF!); Kayseri: Sultan sazlığı, Yahyalı, 1071 m, 9 April 1994, M. Öztekin 1379a & Ş. Yıldırımlı ( HUB!); Erciyes mountain, steppe, c. 1600–2000 m, 9 April 1983, H. Malyer 2817 ( ESSE!); Erciyes mountain, 2850 m, 15 May 1999, S. Yüzbaşıoğlu 37351 ( ISTF!); Kırıkkale: Keskin, Böbrek mountain, S of Konur village, steppe, 1000 m, 21 April 1991, Ü. Güler 1023 ( GAZI!); Konya: Sultan vineyards, Doğanhisar, Ömerpınarı state, c. 1350 m, 20 March 1979, H. Ocakverdi 360 ( MR!); S of Beyşehir lake, Üstünler, c. 1125 m, 28 March 1986, M. Küçüködük 635 ( KNYA!); Konya-Beyşehir, Yeşildağ, Damlaaltı state, under Quercus coccifera , c. 1150 m, 22 April 1981, M. Serin 523 ( KNYA!); Sultan mountain, Doğanhisar, Kartaltepe, Fidanlık stare, c. 1450 m, 20 March 1979, H. Ocakverdi 361 ( KNYA!); Mengene neighborhood, 20 April 1985, C.Yılmaz 7164 ( ESSE!); Aşağıpınar, Bağrıkurt village, Çalınbaş state-Tombaklıkaya, steppe, rocky and Quercus forest, c. 1100–1150 m, 12 April 1983, H. Malyer 2834 ( ESSE!); Mut, Mut-Konya, Sertavul pass, c. 1500 m, 15 April 1981, H. Malyer 914 ( ESSE!); Karaman, from 26 km from Karaman to Mut, 23 April 1984, H. Malyer & M. Öğütveren 6371 ( ESSE!); W of Sille dam, c. 1300 m, 15 March 1980, H. Dural 415 ( KNYA!); Bozkır-Üçpınar, Yılanlı hill, c. 1800 m, 15 May 1968, Çetik-Ekim-Yurdakulol 6827 ( KNYA!); Kütahya: Gediz, Murat mountain, above Hamam, Gölyeri, meadows, 1750 m, 1 May 1977, A. Çırpıcı 30297 ( ISTF!); Gediz, Murat mountain, from Çukurören to Kesik Söğüt, meadows, 1150 m, 12 April 1978, A. Çırpıcı 31298 ( ISTF!); below Hamam, Gölyeri, meadows, 1750 m, 1 May 1977, A. Çırpıcı 30297 ( ISTF!); Gediz, Murat mountain, Karaağaç, Fikirsiztepe, 30 April 1977, Rix 1979 ( E!); Manisa: Spil mountain, rocky slopes, 748 m, 6 March 2011, M. Tekşen 2728 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!); Muğla: Köyceğiz, Göcek-Ortaca, Göcek pass, macchie, 327 m, 3 March 2011, M. Tekşen 2689 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!); Fethiye, to Babadağ, roadsides, 600 m, 19 February 2002, Ö. Varol 3971 ( VANF!); Merkez, SE fields of Kötekli village mosque, in and edge of fields, 611 m, 5 March 2011, M. Tekşen 2708 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!); Muş: Malazgirt Aktuzla-Erence, steppe, 1602 m, 7 April 2001, S. A.1202 ( VANF!); Nevşehir: Uçhisar, Yukarı Mahalle, in and edge of fields, 1290 m, 1 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2340 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!); Uçhisar environment, edge of fields, 1300 m, 18 April 1989, M. Vural 4440 & al. ( GAZI!, HUB!); Niğde: Niğde-Aksaray, Dikmen village, c. 1800–2000 m, 9 May 1982, H. Malyer 1707 A ( ESSE!); 40 km sud Nigde 1500 m, 27 March 2009, Pasche & Kerndorff ( PI!); Sivas: 10 km from Suşehri to Koyulhisar, slopes, 13 April 1982, A & T. Baytop 48482 ( E!); Sivas-Yozgat, 12 km from Sivas, limestone slopes, 07 June 1983, K. H. C. Başer & H. Malyer, M. Öğütveren 3458 ( ESSE!); Şanlıurfa: Siverek, Karacadağ, Mandal plateau, steppe, c. 1800 m, 22 March 1983, H. Malyer 5420 ( ESSE!); Uşak: Banaz, Murat Dağı, Gürlek, Çukuroluk, meadows, 1650 m, 19 May 1978, A. Çırpıcı 31580 ( ISTF!); Yozgat: Çayıralan, 5 km from Çayıralan to Gemerek, 8 April 1983, H. Malyer 2786 ( ESSE!); Çayıralan, 10 km from Çayıralan to Gemerek, 8 April 1983, conifer forest, H. Malyer 2789 ( ESSE!); Uçhisar, fallow fields, 1370 m, 21 March 1989, M. Vural 4385 & al. ( GAZI!); Van: Muradiye, above Ünseli village, S slopes of Akçadağ, steppe, 1747 m, 12 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2428 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!); Erciş, Işbaşı- Hasanabdal village, steppe, 1827 m, 12 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2423 & S. Karama n ( AKSU!); Erciş- Hica, 1–2 km from Yukarıışıklı village, Koçköprü dam, steppe, 1916 m, 12 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2419 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!); Erciş, Yukarıışıklı village, Işıklı hill, rocky places, 1691 m, 8 April 2007, O. Karabacak 6514 ( VANF!); Özalp, above Yukarıkoçkıran village, Keltepe, steppe, 2314 m, 6 June 1996, F. Özgökçe 2448 ( VANF!); Muradiye, Alkonak village, meadows, 1900 m, 23 April 2002, O. Karabacak 2851 ( VANF!).

Flowering time: — February–June.

Habitat: — Meadows, steppe, rocky and stony places, forest clearings, scrub, macchie, 300–2850 m.

Distribution: — East Mediterranean (mt.) element. Turkey (widespread), Cyprus, Europe, W. Asia, Iran, Syria, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia ( Govaerts 2015).

Note: — Gagea villosa var. villosa and var. hermonis are separated by tepal length and number of flowers (in G. villosa var. villosa tepals longer than 10 mm, flower more than 4, in G. villosa var. hermonis tepals shorter than 10 mm, flower 1–4; Rix 1984). During this study, we observed that G. villosa var. villosa has tepals shorter than 10 mm and sometimes less than four flowers. Therefore we think further study is required about G. villosa varietes in Turkey. After the herbarium samples were examined, it was generally seen that G. villosa was often mistaken for G. dubia and G. ramulosa .

Sect. Gagea

Type (corresponding to the generitype, designated by Uphof 1958): — Gagea pratensis (Pers.) Dumort. (= G. bracteolaris Salisb. nom. superfl.).

This section is represented by three taxa in Turkey.

Identification key for Gagea sect. Gagea in Turkey:

1. Bulbs 2 or 3, young bulb completely outside previous year’s tunic; tunic pale brown.................................................... G. pratensis

- New bulbils located near old bulb and enclosed tunic; tunic reddish or blackish brown..................................................................2

2. Plant glaucous; basal bulbil 1; cauline leaves 3–4, verticillate; pedicel hairy .................................................................... G. chanae

- Plant not glaucous; a group of bulbils located below old bulb; cauline leaves 2, opposite, pedicel glabrous ................... G. helenae