Gagea fragifera (Vill.) Ehr., Bayer & Lopez Gonzalez

Tekşen, Mehtap & Erkul, Seher Karaman, 2015, The synopsis of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae) in Turkey, Phytotaxa 230 (1), pp. 101-129 : 108-109

Gagea fragifera (Vill.) Ehr., Bayer & Lopez Gonzalez , Taxon 38(4): 643 (1989)

≡ Ornithogalum (“ Ornithogallum ”) fragiferum Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 2: 270 (1787) = Gagea liotardii (Sternb.) Schult. & Schult.f. in Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 7(1): 545 (1828) ≡ Ornithogalum liotardii Sternb., Denkschr. Königl. -Baier. Bot. Ges. Regensburg 1(2) (1818) = Gagea fistulosa (Ramond ex DC) Ker-Gawl., J. Sci. Arts (London) 1: 180 (1816) nom. illeg. ≡ Ornithogalum fistulosum Ramond ex DC. Fl. Franc. (DC. & Lamarck) , 3: 215 (1805) nom. illeg. ≡ Ornithoxanthum fistulosum (Ramond ex DC.) Link, Handbuch 1: 161 (1829) = Gagea brentae Evers, Verh. Zool. - Bot. Ges. Wien 46: 88 (1896) ≡ Gagea lutea var. brentae Evers. [nom. altern.], Verh. Zool.- Bot. Ges. Wien 46: 88 (1896).

Type (lectotype designated by Tison 2001: 200): — FRANCE. “ Ornithogalum minimum var. b fragiferum” MHNGr.1837. 26918 ( GRM!).

Specimens seen: — TURKEY. Adana: Saimbeyli, Bozoğlan mountain, Obruk plateau, c. 1400 m, pasture in depression, 13 April 1957, Davis 26680 & Hedge ( ANK!) ; Ağrı: Erciş- Patnos, 500 m to Patnos , meadows, 1900 m, 29 April 2011, M. Tekşen 2804 & S. Karaman ; Ağrı- Erzurum, Güneyyaka village , meadows, 1930 m, 29 April 2011, M. Tekşen 2804a & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Patnos, Top mountain, Kızkapan village , 1750 m, 17 April 2007, HE 661 ( VANF!) ; Antalya: Akseki, Yarpuz, 4 km from Yarpuz to Seydişehir , 1502 m, 2 March 2011, stony places, M. Tekşen 2664 & S. Karaman ( GAZI!) ; Akseki, Yarpuz, 4 km from Yarpuz to Seydişehir , stony places, 1505 m, 24 March 2011, M. Tekşen 2750 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; ibidem, 24 May 2011, M. Tekşen 2806 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Bitlis: Adilcevaz, Süphan mountain , 3000 m, 7 June 1947, C. Koss 7085 ( ISTF!) ; Adilcevaz-Süphan mountain foots, Süte plateau, water meadows, 1900 m, Y. Altan 4795 ( GAZI!) ; Bolu: Abant lake environment, c. 1200 m, 8 April 1981, Y. Akman 10905 ( ANK!) ; Gerede-Aktaş forest, Dikmen hill, c. 1500 m, 23 April 1976, O. Ketenoğlu 301 ( ANK!) ; Bursa: Bursa-Uludağ, Kadıyayla , 30 March 1981, Z. Durma 1172 ( ESSE!) ; Uludağ, Kirazlı , 23 May 1954, M. Heilbornn 13053 ( ISTF!) ; Uludağ, Kirazlı , 17 May 1953, M. Heilbornn 12572 ( ISTF!) ; Cennetkaya , 23 May 1954, M. Heilbornn 13062 ( ISTF!) ; Uludağ, around of Uludağ hotel, subalpin meadows, 1900 m, 20 May 1956, H. Demiriz 14891 ( ISTF!) ; Uludağ- Aras , 17 May 1944, M. Başarman 2925 ( ISTF!) ; Uludağ: Karabelen village , May 1945, M. Başarman 5169 ( ISTF!) ; Uludağ: Uludağ hotel-Aras road, 17 May 1944, M. Başarman 2922 ( ISTF!) ; Çorum: Kargı, Kösdağı, Esenler hill, meadows, c. 2040 m, 16 May 1975, M. Kılınç 3572 ( ANK!) ; Denizli: Tavas, Özdek , 23 March 1957, M. Heilbornn 16419 ( ISTF!) ; Düzce: Elmacık mountain, Balıklı plateau, 18 May 2004, N. Aksoy 5132 ( DUOF!) ; Elmacık mountain, Pürenli plateau, 1452 m, 18 May 2005, N. Aksoy 5701 ( DUOF!) ; Elazığ: Güleman, Nacaran village , 1400 m, 30 April 1983, T. Ekim 7052 ( GAZI!) ; Erzurum: Palandöken mountains, N slopes of Sultanseki hills, snow patches on screes, water meadows, 2200 m, 28 April 1970, S. Özyurt, N. Balta 24678 ( ISTF!) ; Palandöken mountains, N slopes of Sultanseki hills, 2240 m, stony meadows, 22 April 1970, S. Özyurt, N. Balta 24664 ( ISTF!) ; Palandöken mountains, N slopes of Ereğli mountain , 2300 m, 15 July 1970, meadows, S. Özyurt 25032 ( ISTF!) ; Palandöken mountain, E slopes of Ereğli mountain , stony steppe, 2150 m, 15 May 1970, S. Özyurt ISTF 24849 ( ISTF!) ; Palandöken mountains, N slopes of Ereğli mountain , meadows, 2400 m, 12 June 1970, S. Özyurt 24988 ( ISTF!) ; Tortum, Kargapazarı mountains , 15 July 1970, M. Yüksel 25006 ( ISTF) ; Atatürk Univesity campus, meadows, 1870 m, 12 April 1970, S. Özyurt 24647 ( ISTF!) ; Hakkari: Sat mountain , NW of Sat lake, 28 June 1966, Davis 45508 ( E!) ; Karadağ , 16 August 1954, Davis 24459 ( E!) ; Kahramanmaraş: Ahır mountain, Yedikuyular state, alpin meadows, 1800–2000 m, 3 May 1991, Z. Aytaç 3527 & H. Duman ( GAZI!, HUB!) ; Engizek mountain, Kale village environment, edge of field, 1700–1750 m, 23 April 1988, H. Duman 3856 ( GAZI!) ; Engizek mountain, Biçmeoluk Damları state, wet places, 1500–1600 m, 21 April 1987, H. Duman 2477 ( GAZI!) ; Kars: Arpaçay, Karakale village , c. 1800 m, 11 June 1984, H. Ocakverdi 1733 ( GAZI!) ; Ardahan-Bülbülan , 12 July 1982, N. Demirkuş 1125 ( HUB!) ; Ardahan-Hoçvan, S slopes of Kısır mountains-Köroğlu hill, 17 July 1981, N. Demirkuş 1159 ( HUB!) ; Kastamonu: Ilgaz mountain, Çilesiz-Handüzü, Carpinus-Fagus forest , 11 May 1982, Y. Akman et al. 12788 ( ANK!) ; Mardin: Mardin, 21 May 1957, Davis 28391 & Hedge ( E!) ; Mardin, 1100 m, 21 May 1957, Davis 28395 & Hedge ( K!) ; Niğde: Ulukışla, Meydan plateau, meadows, 2290 m, 2 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2365 & S. Karaman, A. Savran ( AKSU!) ; Aladağlar, Tekneli plateau, steppe, 2295 m, 2 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2370 & S. Karaman, A. Savran ( AKSU!) ; Gaziantep: Osmaniye Yolu, Dülükbaba ruins, rocky places, 1113 m, 22 March 2011, M. Tekşen 2745 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Rize: Çamlıhemşin, Ayder , meadows, 1100–1400 m, 28 March 1981, A. Güner 3256 ( AEF!, ANK!) ; Sivas: Imranlı- Refahiye, Kızıldağ pass, steppe, 2145 m, 8 June 2010, M. Tekşen 2520 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Kızıldağ , 3 May 1971, J. Lamond 2631 ( E!) ; Bey mountain , S of Zara, 1 June 1960, Stainton & Henderson 5306 ( E!) ; Yozgat: Akdağmadeni, Sırıklı mountain , 4 June 1980, T. Ekim 5107 ( ANK!) ; Akdağmadeni, Büyük-Küçük Nalbant mountain , c. 2000 m, 22 May 1981, T. Ekim 5422 & R. Ilarslan ( ANK!) ; Van: Bahçesaray, Karabel pass-Bahçesaray, stony places, 2581 m, 11 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2401 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Yukarınarlıca-Bahçesaray , steppe, 2674 m, 11 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2398 & S. Karaman ( AKSU) ; Gürpınar, W of Tutmaç village , steppe, 2800 m, 8 June 2003, M. Ünal 8371 ( VANF!) ; Muradiye, Akçadağ, Arnis plateau, meadows, 2700 m, 2 June 2001, O. Karabacak 1493 ( VANF!) ; Muradiye, Yumaklı village , meadows, 1800 m, 11 May 1998, M. Ünal 1073 ( VANF!) ; Özalp, W of Yavuzlar village , meadows, 2240 m, 5 May 1997, F. Özgökçe 1210 ( VANF!) ; Özalp, Aşağıtulgalı- Iran border, meadows, 2165 m, 1 June 1997, F. Özgökçe 3124 ( VANF!) .

Flowering time: — March–August.

Habitat: — Water meadows, steppe, by melting snow patches on screes, rocky and stony places, 1000–3000 m.

Distribution: — East Mediterranean (mt.) element. Turkey (Central, East, North South Anatolia), Europe, W. & C. Asia, Caucasus, Transcaucasus, Siberia, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Morocco ( Govaerts 2015).

Note: — The species was known as G. fistulosa in Flora of Turkey ( Rix 1984), then has been named as G. fragifera by Bayer & Lopez Gonzalez (1989), Tison (2001), Zarrei et al. (2011a), Peruzzi et al. (2011a, 2011b), and Tison et al. (2013). It was named also as G. liotardii by Levichev (2006) and Gutermann (2009). For details on the nomenclature, see Peruzzi et al. (2011b).