Gagea dubia A.Terracc.

Tekşen, Mehtap & Erkul, Seher Karaman, 2015, The synopsis of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae) in Turkey, Phytotaxa 230 (1), pp. 101-129 : 107-108

Gagea dubia A.Terracc. in Boll. Soc. Ortic. Palermo 2(3): 6. 1904

= Gagea litoralis Artemczuk, J. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Ukraine 23(31): 63 (1940).

Type (lectotype designated by Peruzzi & Tison 2007: 174): — TURKEY. Asia Minor, Tokat, 6–700 m, April 1893, Bornmüller 3535 ( W, iso. G!, K!).

Specimens seen: — TURKEY. Adana: Adana-Karsantı, Torasan mountain, Miltek state, 2275 m, 15 June 1977, E. Yurdakulol 10617 ( ANK!) ; Ağrı: Ağrı- Erzurum, Güneyyaka village , meadows, 1930 m, 29 April 2011, M. Tekşen 2804a & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Aksaray: Ihlara valley, against the church of Sümbüllü , c. 1100 m, 16 March 1994, F. Ertuğ 8 ( GAZI!) ; Ekicek mountain foots, Edek village , 1400 m, 26 April 1997, M. Dinç 376 ( MR!) ; Gülağaç, Saratlı , steppe, 1122 m, 30 March 2011, M. Tekşen 2760 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Gülağaç, Doğantarla , edge of fields, c. 1100 m, 10 March 2013, M. Tekşen 2889 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Ankara: Çubuk, Karagöl , 1650 m, 5 May 1974, S. Erik 509 ( HUB!) ; Beytepe , university campus environment, limestone, 1000 m, 29 April 1976, S. Erik 1426 ( HUB) ; Antalya: Avlan, Avlan lake, c. 1300 m, 29 April 1959, Nijhoff 775 ( ANK!) ; Central Taurus (Isavria), Akseki district , along the road to Konya, ca. 900 m a.s.l., on limestone, 24.03.2010, L. Peruzzi ( PI!) ; Western Taurus (Lycia), Thermessos , near the ancient ruins, 1024 m a.s.l., on limestones, 27 March 2010, L. Peruzzi ( PI!) ; Isparta: Şarkikaraağaç, Kızıldağ National Park, Karayaka village , 900–1000 m, 25 March 1994, B. Mutlu 231 ( HUB!) ; Eğridir, Mücevre , 31 March 1985, I. Yaman ESSE 7167 ( ESSE!) ; Kahramanmaraş: Göksun, Ericek, Berit mountain , Çavdar-Arapçukuru plateau, steppe, 1900–2400 m, 25 April 1992, Z. Aytaç 4725 & H. Duman ( GAZI!) ; Göksun, Işık mountain , W of Kavşut village, 1700–2250 m, 8 May 1991, Z. Aytaç 3729 & H. Duman ( HUB!) ; Kahramanmaraş: Afşin, Tanır-Kafla village, Hurman river , limestone rocks, c. 1450 m, 17 April 2010, Z. Aytaç 9519 & M. Tekşen ( AKSU!) ; Kastamonu: 20 km from Kastamonu-Daday , c. 750 m, 7 April 1980, O. Ketenoğlu 778 ( ANK!) ; Konya: Hadim, Bolay village, Mandre state, serpentine bedrock, steppe, 1500–1800 m, 13 April 1984, S. 3611 & B. Yıldız ( HUB!) ; Beyşehir, Kurucaova village, Kuzgun Hill , Pinus nigra forest, NW limestone slopes, rocky places, 1350–1500 m, 24 April 1974, H. Peşmen & A. Güner 1001 ( HUB!) ; Nevşehir: Sulusaray-Nevşehir , forest, 1111 m, 1 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2350 & S. Karaman ( GAZI!) ; Niğde: Aladağlar, Parmaktaş, Akşampınarı , 2042 steppe, 2087 m, 2 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2361 & S. Karaman, A. Savran ( AKSU!) ; Yeşilburç village, Kayaardı valley , steppe, rocky places, 1320 m, 1 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2354 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Sivas: Hafik-Zara, Tödürge lake , rocky slopes, 1304 m, 25 April 2011, M. Tekşen 2773 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Van: Güzelsu, 8 km from Hoşap to Gürpınar , steppe, 1950 m, 15 May 2012, M. Tekşen 2876 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Hoşap-Van, 15 km from Hoşap, around of Zernek dam, rock shadows, 1966 m, 27 April 2011, M. Tekşen 2800 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) .

Flowering time: — March–May.

Habitat: — Steppe, fields, rocky and stony places, wet places, scrub and clearings of forest. 900–2400 m.

Distribution: — East Mediterranean (mt.) element. Turkey (Central and South Anatolia), Crete, Crimea (Govearts 2015).

Note: — Although many researchers ( Townsend & Guest 1985, Peruzzi & Tison 2004, Tison 2009, Peruzzi et al. 2011b, Zarrei et al. 2011a) later accepted G. dubia to be a valid species, Rix (1984) indicated it as synonym of G. granatellii ( Parlatore 1839: 85) Parlatore (1845: 376) . Tison et al. (2013) and Govaerts (2015) indicated G. granatellii as absent in Turkey. As a result of the field studies and examined specimens in the herbaria, the samples which were formerly identified as G. granatellii were indeed referred either to G. dubia or G. ramulosa Terracciano (1904: 9) . Gagea granatellii is distinguished from G. dubia Terracciano (1904: 6) , G. ramulosa , and G. villosa ( Bieberstein 1808: 274) Sweet (1826: 418) by completely flat (narrowly rectangular) basal leaves in cross section (in G. dubia , G. ramulosa , and G. villosa , more or less slightly convex or carinate at back basal leaves in cross section). Gagea granatellii has two lowest cauline leaves of adult flowering plants inserted below the ground level, sclerified roots striking, flowering sometimes lacking in the whole population ( Tison et al. 2013). In light of these data, we confirm that G. granatellii does not occur in Turkey.