Zingiber pleiostachyum K.Schum., 1921

Lin, Yuan-Chien, Chao, Chien-Ti, Chang, Chih-Yi & Tseng, Yen-Hsueh, 2022, Taxonomic revision of Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) of Taiwan, European Journal of Taxonomy 839, pp. 74-102 : 89-93

Zingiber pleiostachyum K.Schum.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:798378-1

Fig. 12

Das Pflanzenreich Heft 20: 185 ( Schumann 1904). Type: TAIWAN – Pingtung County • Mt. Bankengsing ; Henry 1659; lectotype: K[K-000815680] photo!, here designated; syntypes: Henry 147; K[K- 000815681] photo!, US [US-00092879] photo !.

Synonym

Zingiber kawagoii Hayata syn. nov., Icones Plantarum Formosanarum Vol. X: 35–36 ( Hayata 1921). Type: TAIWAN – New Taipei City • Urai ; S. Kawagoe s.n.; lectotype: TI[ TI-00010376 ]!, here designated; isolectotype: TAIF[ TAIF-6460 ]!.

Zingiber koshunense Moo, Flora of Taiwan Vol. 5: 850 ( Moo 1978). Type: TAIWAN – Taitung County • 5000 feet of Abei Line; 2 Jan. 1911; T. Kawakami & S. Sasaki s.n.; lectotype: TAIF!, designated by Wu et al. 2000.

Additional material examined

TAIWAN – New Taipei City • Wulai ; C.W. Lin 003; TAIF • ibid.; C.L. Huang et al. 78; TAIF • ibid.; S.L. Huang 10; TNU • Hutung ; Y.H. Chang 4873; TAIF • Mt. Pataoerh ; W.F. Ho 2366; TAIF • Wantan ; P.F. Lu 7330; TAIF • AYuXi; S. Sasaki s.n.; TAIF • Urai; S. Kawagoi s.n.; TAIF • Leikungpo, Hsiaoketou ; C.I. Peng 12277; HAST • Hsiao-I to Tung-Hou ; Y.K. Chen 295; HAST • Paichi, on the way from the abandoned Yufeng coal mine to Paichishan; S.M. Liu 597; HAST, TNU • Mt. Huang-ti-tien ; J.C. Wang et al. 10216; TNU, HAST • Tatungshan, Vicinity of Chungchi mountain-hiking entrance ; Y.C. Kao 71; HAST • Huangdidian ; S.C. Liu et al. 975; TNU, HAST, TAIF • en route from China University of Science and Technology to NanKangShan; C.I. Huang 5442; HAST • PaoZiLun; C.I. Huang 5501; HAST • Mt.Tungshihtoushan ; H.M. Chang 4561; TNU, PPI • Arou village ; T.W. Hsu 15602; TAIE • Shihting ; H.W. Lin et al. 104; TNU • Shihting, Hsiaoketou ; S.C. Liu et al. 2490; TNU, TNM • Wulai, Mt. Bar-Dau-Eel ; Y.C. Lu 397; TNU • ibid.; C.L. Huang et al. 78; TNU • Hsiaoketou; S.L. Huang 17; TNU • ibid.; S.L. Huang 11; TNU • ibid.; C.T. Moo 86; TAI • Wulai , Fushan Botanical garden; Y.C. Chen et al. 60; TNU • Huang-ti-tien ; S.L. Huang 18; TNU • Huangdidian; S.C. Liu et al. 975; TNU • Kuanghsing ; S.C. Liu 2354; TNU, TAIF • Hsiungkunghsi ; T.Y.A. Yang 16008; TNM • Erhkeshan ; C.H. Chen 6201; TNM, TNU • ibid.; H.L. Chiang s.n.; TAIF • ibid.; Y.C. Lin 1066; TCF • Lepeishan ; S.T. Chiu 1515; TNM • Nuannuan, Dandan ( Dandangai ); S. Sasaki s.n.; TAI • Nanshihhsi ; T. Suzuki 15825; TAI • Mt. Pataoerh ; C.Y. Chiang 985; TAI • Pichiashan ; K.C. Yang 2171; TAI • Chihnankung ; T. Suzuki 13865; TAI • Fushan-Happen ; S.F. Huang 1270; TAI. – Taoyuan County • Mt. Nanchatien ; P.F. Lu 14561; HAST • Dongman Trail ; K.Y. Liao 84; TAIE • Luoma Road ; Y.C. Lin 1064; TCF. – Hsinchu County • Mt. Wuchih ; C.I. Peng et al. 12940; HAST • ibid.; K.H. Lai 1023; TAIE • Mt. Ekungchi ; C.M. Wang 12712; TNM • ibid.; C. Chang et al. 38; TNM • Shihtoushan ; T.Y.A. Yang et al. 11720; TNM • Mt. Wuchih ; W.P. Leu s.n.; TNM • ibid.; T.C. Hsu 4772; TAIF • Wuchihshan ; Y.P. Cheng 2841; TAIF • Chingchuan ; S. Sasaki s.n.; TAI. – Miaoli County • Ssumahsien Forest Road, between Hsinhsing and Erhpensung; C.I. Huang 2375; HAST • Mt. Baguali ; T.W. Hsu 10483; TAIE • Mt. Taping ; T.C. Hsu 3440; TAIF • Shenhsien Valley ; S.W. Chung 10178; TAIF • Mt. Ekungchi ; P.F. Lu 21320; TAIF • Mingte Reservoir to Mt. Fantzuliao ; P.F. Lu 20918; TAIF • Dahu Township ; Y.C. Lin 1299; TCF. – Taichung County • Beikengxi Trail ; Y.C. Lin 985; TCF • 200 Forest Road 14 km; Y.C. Lin 1105; TCF. – Nantou County • Hsitou , National Taiwan University Experimental Forest ; W.P. Leu 385; HAST • ibid.; C.I. Peng et al. 15847; HAST • ibid.; S.Y. Hwang 1414; TAIE • ibid.; S.M. Kuo et al. 68; TNU • ibid.; S.L. Huang 008; TNU • ibid.; R.Y. Tsou 14; TNM • ibid.; T.Y.A. Yang 11686; TNM • ibid.; C.T. Moo 76; TAI • ibid.; T. Kiang s.n.; TAI • Hsitou to Shenmu; C.C. Hsu 6131; TAI • Shanlinhsi Chinese Zodiacal sign Ox- Tiger; T.Y.A. Yang 20828; TNM • Hui-Sun Experimental Forest ; C.I. Huang 220; TNM • Yashanping Forest Road ; C.H. Chen 8536; TNM • Jenlun Forest Road ; C.H. Chen 8428; TNM • Sanpitin Logging Trail ; S.W. Chung 10580; TAIF • Lienhuachih ; S.W. Chung 10278; TAIF • Jeichu ; S.W. Chung 10276; TAIF • Nengkao Waterfall ; S.W. Chung 10275; TAIF • Mt. Mukuatan ; S.W. Chung 10272; TAIF • Mt. Shuishe ; P.F. Lu 18913; TAIF • Luantashan ; T. Kawakami & U. Mor 7074; TAI • Lienhuachi Rengechi ; S. Sasaki s.n.; TAI • Maolan; Kudo & Sasaki 15065; TAI • Fenghuangshan – Hsiankuliao ; C.S. Kuoh 3611; TAI • Chichidashan ; Y.C. Lin 1290; TCF. – Yunlin County • Kukeng Township ; C.H. Chen 10700; TNM • Caoling Road ; S.W. Chung 10581; TAIF. – Chiayi County • Alishan Highway 68–70 km; Chung 10463; TAIF • Fushan Tribe ; T.C. Hsu 4737; TAIF • Shihcho to Shihtzulu; S.W. Chung 6877; TAIF • Hsinmei Village ; S.M. Liu et al. 674; TAIF • AliShan Highway 55 km, FuShan Stop ; B.J. Wang 10108; HAST • Fengshan ; C.H. Chen 2493; TAIE • Fengshan to Ta-tien-yu waterfall; J.C. Wang et al. 9491; TNU • Alishan Highway 53 km; C.S. Kouh 15229; NCKU, TNM • Fenchihu ; Y.H. Hwang et al. 61; TNM • ibid.; H.M. Lin & Y.H. Tsai 102; TNM • Fenchihu, 169 county highway 18.5 km; T.Y.A. Yang et al. 19706; TNM • Shiheho–Fenchihu ; C.M. Wang et al. 7671; TNM • Juili–Chiaoliping ; C.M. Wang et al. 7694; TNM • AliShan–Fengshan ; C.M. Wang 316; TNM • Yunshuihsi ; Y. Shimada s.n.; TAI • Alishan ; C.T. Moo 71; TAI • Lungtou ; Y.C. Lin 1278; TCF • Mihu Trail ; Y.C. Lin 1151; TCF • Dingshizhao ; Y.C. Lin 1346; TCF. – Tainan County • Tatungshan; H.F. Yen 9; HAST • Hsienkung temple, Kantoushan , en route from entrance to the summit of the mountain; C.C. Liao 1745; HAST, TNM • Kantoushan; L.H. Lee 359; TAIE. – Kaohsiung County • Shanping Station, along the trail to Nanfengshan; C.C. Wang 821; HAST • Along Fengkang Forest Road; C.I. Huang 3464; HAST • Tsaitie Valley ; W.C. Leong 2156; HAST • Shanping ; C.C. Chen 597; TNU • ibid.; T.C. Huang 4886; TAI • ibid.; Y.C. Lin 985; TCF • Shyr- Shan logging tract ; J.C. Wang et al.7596; TNU • Mt. Senshan ( Mt. Yuyushan ); C.K. Yang 888; TNM • Liukuei ; E. Matuda 1165; TAI. – Pingtung County • Mt. Hutou ; T.C. Hsu 4737; TAIF • Shouchia ; T.C. Hsu 6094; TAIF • Shouka Logging Trail ; C.F. Chen 4977; TAIF • Shouka; S.W. Chung 10474; TAIF • Wuweishan ; K.C. Yang 4542; TAIF • ibid.; K.C. Yang 4582; TAIF • ibid.; S. Sasaki s.n.; TAI • ibid.; E. Matuda 327; TAI • ibid.; K.C. Yang 4547; TAIF, HAST • Mt. Lilung; S.W. Chung 6927; TAIF • ibid.; T.C. Huang et al. 16287; TAI • ibid.; H.C. Sun 11; PPI • ibid.; C.C. Wu 273; TNM • ibid.; Y.Y. Huang et al. 210; HAST; Liangshan ; M.J. Jung 1779; TAIF • Chinshuiying natural reserve ; S.Y. Lu 20691; TAIF • ibid.; S.F. Huang 360; TAI • ibid.; T. Suzuki 8033; TAI • ibid.; C.I. Huang et al. 2808; HAST • ibid.; S.Z. Yang 42702; PPI, TNM • ibid.; S.Z.Yang 23971; PPI • ibid.; T.W. Hsu 6053; TAIE • ibid.; T.W. Hsu 4700; TAIE • ibid.; T.T. Chen et al. 5228; TAIF • Kantou–Lili ; N. Fukuyama 3829; TAI • Machia ; T.C. Huang 7519; TAI • Nanjenshan-Nanjenkeng ; H. Ohashi et al. 13998; TAI • Nanjenshan Nature Reserve ; S.Y. Lu 18229; TAIF • ibid.; H. Ohashi et al. 13833; TAI • ibid.; S.L. Huang 12; TNU • ibid.; T.Y.A. Yang 7875; TNM, HAST, TAIF • ibid.; S.M. Chaw 824; TNM, TNU, TAIF, HAST • ibid.; T.C. Hsu 3356; TAIF • Taiwu ; E. Matuda s.n.; TAI • Wangkcingtsun ; U. Faurie 929; TAI • Mt. Kaoshih ; H. Ohashi et al. 13574; TAI • along Fengkang Forest Road; C.I. Huang et al. 3464; HAST • Peitawushan ; T. Soma 308; TAI • entrance of Peitawushan; Y.K. Chen 695; HAST • ibid.; S.H. Liu et al. 122; TNU • ibid.; C.K. Liao 171; PPI • en route from hiking entrance to Laofoshan; C.H. Liu et al. 362; HAST, TNM • Weiliaoshan ; P.U. Su et al. 14; PPI • Kutzulurshan ; G.P. Hsieh 2344; PPI • south of Dahanshan; C.F. Chen 896; PPI • Chachayalaishan ; C.F. Chen 992; PPI • Majia Village to Mt. Xueyegen ; T.W. Hsu 10397; TAIE • Tahanshan to Amentotaxus nature preservation ; J.C. Wang et al. 8806; TNU • South Link Highway 471.5 km; C.S. Kouh 15495; NCKU, TNM • Mt. Yitingshan ; C.K. Yang 843; TNM • Shuangliu Forest Recreation Area ; Y.C. Lin 1303; TCF. – Ilan County • Fu-Shan Station , Taiwan Forestry Research Institute , en route from the Station to Chukenghsi (a stream); S.C. Hsiao 1150; HAST • Fu- Shan industrial road; Y.C. Lin 1351; TCF. – Hualien County • Yuli Logging Trail ; S.C. Wu 1020; TAIF • Antung ; S.Y. Li 288; TAI • Dali-Datong Trail ; Y.C. Lin 1350; TCF • Yuli Logging Trail; Y.C. Lin 1352; TCF. – Taitung County • Lanyu ; C.T. Moo 2340 • Lanyu Tianchi; B.J. Wang 14317; HAST • Lanyu Mt. Hungtou; S.W. Chung 8412; TAIF • ibid.; Y.L. Jone 1144; PPI • Tajen Farm ; W.C. Leong 2080; HAST, TNU • Kueitien ; S.Y. Lu 17907; TAIF, TAI • Lutao Is. ; S. Sasaki s.n.; TAI.

Description

Perennial rhizomatous herbs, 25–135 cm tall. Rhizomes fleshy, weakly aromatic, compacted, densely branched, 1.0– 2.7 cm in diameter, brown externally, yellow internally; root tubers terete, distantly from the rhizomes, ca 5 × 1.2 cm, brownish externally. Leafy shoots forming dense clumps, spreading, each shoot comprising 6–21 well-developed leaves at flowering. Leaves evergreen, simple, distichous; ligules ca 6 mm long, bilobed, membranaceous, pale green, auriculate; petiole 3−8 mm long, connate a pulvinus; lamina elliptic to narrowly ovate, 12−29 × 3−8.5 cm, lengt /width ratio 2.4−5.6, adaxially green, glabrous or pubescent, abaxially pale green sometimes flush, pubescent, base cuneate or obtuse, apex acuminate, margin entire, undulate, chartaceous. Inflorescences 1–5 per plant, arising from rhizomes; peduncles 11–12.7 cm long, ascending, glabrous; spike narrowly cylindrical or obovate, ca 7–9 × 2.0– 3.1 cm, each with 3–11 flowers; fertile bracts greenish-red, narrowly ovate, 2.3–4.3 × 0.5–1.5 cm, usually red tinged, involute on both sides, apex acute to attenuate, glabrous externally and internally; bracteole narrowly ovate, 1.5–2.6 × 0.4–1.0 cm, translucent reddish with slight red tinge, apex acute, involute on both sides, glabrous externally and internally. Flowers 6–8 cm long, much exserted beyond the bracts; calyx tubular, membranaceous, 5–15 mm long, with unilateral incision, translucent. Corolla tube slender, 2.6–4.7 cm long, yellow, glabrous externally and internally; dorsal corolla lobe narrowly ovate, ca 2.8 × 0.9 cm, red, apex acuminate, glabrous; lateral corolla lobes narrowly ovate, ca 2.4 × 0.6 cm, red, apex acuminate, glabrous; labellum obovate or elliptic, ca 2.8 × 1.1 cm, red or purple, apex retuse, yellow patches at base, glabrous; lateral staminodes narrowly oblong, ca 1.6 × 0.5 cm, connate to labellum at basal ½ to ⅔, red or purple, yellow patches at base, apices obtuse, glabrous. Stamen one; filament ca 2mm, glabrous; anther connective tissue yellow, elongate appendage wrapped around style; anther thecae two, ca 1.2 cm long, longitudinal dehiscence, pollen light yellow; anther crest beak-shaped, ca 1.1 cm long when stretched, purple, apex entire. Style filiform, white, ca 5.1 cm long, extending to the end of anther crest; stigma white, ciliate. Ovary cylindrical, trilocular, ca 6.0 × 2.8 mm, yellowish, pubescent; epigynous glands two, narrowly conical, ca 4 mm long, yellow, apices sharp. Capsule elliptic, dehiscence loculicidal, ca 3.2 × 1.5 cm, usually longer than the persistent bract, pericarp yellowish-red and red inside. Seed ellipsoid, ca 6.2 × 4.6 mm, enveloped by the aril. Aril white, enveloping ¾ of the length of the seeds.

Phenology

Flowering from August to November and fruiting from October to March.

Distribution

Endemic to Taiwan.

Conservation status

This species was evaluated as Least Concerned (LC) by the Editorial Committee of the Red List of Taiwan Plants (2017) (as Z. kawagoii ).

Figures

Fig. 12. Zingiber pleiostachyum K.Schum., Chichidashan. A. Habit. B. Leaf adaxial (left) and abaxial (right) surface. C. Ligule. D. Rhizome. E. Inflorescence. F. Flower. G. Bracts. H. Calyx tube. I. Corolla lobes. J. Labellum. K. Stamen and pistil. L. Ovary. M. Fruit. N. Seeds. Photos: A = C.T. Chao; B–N = L.P. Hsu.