Caryanda albomaculata, Mao, Ben-Yong, Ren, Guo-Dong & Ou, Xiao-Hong, 2007

Mao, Ben-Yong, Ren, Guo-Dong & Ou, Xiao-Hong, 2007, Two new species of the genus Caryanda St l (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Yunnan, China, Zootaxa 1630, pp. 55-62 : 58-61

Caryanda albomaculata sp. nov.

( Figs 14–26 , 30–31 )

Type material. Holotype: male, CHINA: Yunnan, Puer (Caiyanghe Natural Reserve), 22°34'N, 101°11'E, 1700m, 28 Jul. 2007, collected Ben-yong Mao. Paratypes 11 males, 14 females, same data as holotype but collected Ji-shan Xu and Ben-yong Mao.

Diagnosis. This new species differs from all known Caryanda species by 13 yellowish white maculations on back of body in male, and from C. flavomaculata Bolivar, 1918 which is from New Guinea, by three yellowish white spots on disc of pronotum instead of four yellow ones. It is closely related to C. dehongensis Mao, Xu et Yang, 2003 and C. yini Mao et Ren, 2006 as demonstrated by the following features in male: supra anal plate nearly scutate; cerci long triangular, laterally compressed, pointing post-dorsad, apex downwards curvate. But it differs from the latter two in characters listed as Table 2 .

Etymology. The name is derived from a series of yellowish white maculations on the back of body.

Description. Body small, but female larger. Head slightly shorter than pronotum (fig. 14). Fastigium broad, nearly flat in dorsal view, weakly prominent in lateral view, width in front of eyes about 2.90–3.33 (3.15, on the average, n=5, male) or 2.78–3.75 (3.19, on the average, n=5, female) times larger than length. Face oblique in profile, surface weakly punctured; frontal ridge laterally straight with longitudinal sulcus in whole length; lateral margins raised, nearly parallel but a little outspread near median ocellus. Lateral facial keels thick and straight. Antennae filiform, reaching the base of hind femur (male) or not reaching posterior margin of pronotum (female), any median segment about 2.50–3.03 (2.81, on the average, n=5, male) or 2.06– 2.90 (2.46, on the average, n=5, female) times longer than wide. Eyes oval, longitudinal diameter about 1.41– 1.43 (1.42, on the average, n=5, male) or 1.49–1.61 (1.55, on the average, n=5, female) times as long as horizontal diameter, and about 2.17–2.50 (2.29, on the average, n=5, male) or 1.85–2.00 (1.95, on the average, n=5, female) times as long as subocular furrow. Pronotum nearly cylindrical, slightly contractive in middle, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin with a shallow breach; median carina indistinct, lateral carinae absent; three transverse sulci distinct; prozona 2.33–2.58 (2.45, on the average, n=5, male) or 2.13–2.70 (2.46, on the average, n=5, female) times as long as metazona (fig. 14). Prosternal spine long conical, straight, apex acute. Mesosternal interspace about 2.00–2.31 (2.09, on the average, n=5, male) or 1.33–1.67 (1.45, on the average, n=5, female) times longer than minimum width; mesosteral lobes nearly quadrate, 1.00–1.11 (1.04, on the average, n=5, male) or 1.20–1.36 (1.29, on the average, n=5, female) times wider than long; metasternal lobes contiguous (male) or separate (female) (figs 15–16). Tegmina narrow scalelike, length 2.50–3.10 (2.84, on the average, n=5, male) or 2.36–3.75 (2.93, on the average, n=5, female) times larger than maximum width, reaching at or just surpassing beyond posterior margin of 1st abdominal tergite in both sexes. Hind femur with upper carina smooth, terminating in an acute angle; apex of lower knee lobes spinous. Hind tibia with apical half nearly cylindrical, with 8 external and 10 internal spines on dorsal side; external apical spine present. Abdomen with median keel. Tympana opening distinct, oval.

Male 10th abdominal tergite broadly excised in middle, posterior margin without furcula. Supra anal plate nearly scutiform, basal half with broad median longitudinal sulcus; lateral margins raised in basal third, weakly contracted in median third; posterior margin triangular with two spine-like processes in lateral sides (fig. 17). Cerci long triangular, laterally compressed, pointing post-dorsad; apex downwards curvate, obtuse, surpassing apex of supra anal plate; inner sides with 2–3 obtuse dentiform processes (figs 17–18). Subgenital plate conical, apex obtuse. Epiphallus with two pairs of lophi: outer lophi oblong with apex rounded in anterior view, dorsad projecting more than 90° angle from bridge; inner lophi indistinct; anchorae broad, compressed, near to anterior projections, apex obtuse; anterior projections with posterior sides slightly backward projecting in lateral view; bridge divided in middle (figs 21–23). Phallic complex with cingular valves divided apically, small, almost shielded by apical penis valves; basal valves of penis shorter than apodemes (figs 24– 26).

Female subgenital plate broad, posterior margin with two large triangular processes in lateral sides, straight in middle with a triangular flap ( Fig. 19 ). Valves of ovipositor with dentes along margins ( Fig. 20 ).

Coloration (figs 30–31). The following notes according to fresh specimens. The back of fastigium gray (male) or green (female). Frons and frontal ridge yellowish green. Genae yellowish green (male) or yellowish white (female) with two (male) or an (female) oblique black strokes below eyes. Head black (male) or green (female) on back, with (male) or without (female) two oblique gray strokes. Antennae light red. Eyes brown. Postocular bands black, continued on dorsal area of lateral lobes of pronotum, tegmina and 8th abdominal tergite. Pronotum with disc black (male) or green (female), with (male) or without (female) three yellowish white maculations (median one smallest); lateral lobes with two yellow spots, inferior margins black. Tegmina black. Fore and mid legs with femora yellow (male) or yellowish green (female), tibiae blue-green. Hind femora red, with a yellow ring before knee; knee black; hind tibiae blue. Mesothorax and metathorax black (male) or green (female) with (male) or without (female) two yellowish white maculations on disc, and respectively with a yellow spot on episterna and epimera. Abdominal tergites black (male) or green (female) with (male) or without (female) 8 yellowish white maculations on back; abdominal sternites and terminalia yellow. Cerci and apical half of supra anal plate black in male. Color of dried specimens is similar to that of fresh ones except 13 yellowish white spots discoloring to dirty yellow on back of body.

Measurements (mm). Length of body: male 18.2–20.2, female 22.0–24.3; length of pronotum: male 3.3– 3.5, female 4.5–4.6; length of tegmen: male 2.5–3.4, female 3.3–4.5; length of hind femur: male 10.2–10.7, female 12.1–13.5.

Distribution. China: Yunnan (Puer).

Biology. C. aurata sp. nov. and C. albomaculata sp. nov. live on the leaves of the tussock grass Oplismenus compositus (Linn.) Beauv. under south subtropical broad-leaf shrub, which grows in the wet and halfshady

Figures

FIGURES 14 – 26. Caryanda albomaculata sp. nov. 14. male head and pronotum, dorsal view; 15 – 16. mesosternum and metasternum, male and female; 17 – 18. male terminalia, dorsal and lateral views; 19. female subgenital plate, ventral view; 20. female abdominal apex, lateral view; 21 – 23. epiphallus, dorsal, anterior, and lateral views; 24 – 26. phallic complex, apical, lateral and dorsal views. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 27 – 31. dorsal and lateral views of body. 27 – 29. Caryanda aurata, sp. nov.; 30 – 31. Caryanda albomaculata sp. nov.; 27 – 28, 30. male; 29, 31. female. (photos of 27, 30 – 31 from fresh specimens; photos of 28 – 29 from dried specimens)

Tables

TABLE 2. Comparison among C. yini, C. dehongensis and C. albomaculata sp. nov.

C. dehongensis Mao, Xu et Yang, 2003	Caryanda albomaculata sp. nov.	C. yini Mao et Ren, 2006
Male without yellowish white macula- tion on back of body	Male with 13 yellowish white macu- lations on back of body (fig. 30)	Male without yellowish white maculation on back of body
Male 10th abdominal tergite partly excised in middle, posterior margin with small furcula	Male 10th abdominal tergite broadly excised in middle, posterior margin without furcula (fig. 17)	Male 10th abdominal tergite broadly excised in middle, posterior margin with small furcula
Epiphallus with bridge straight, dis- tinctly divided in middle; anterior pro- jections with posterior sides remarkably rounded in lateral view; anchorae nar- row, far from anterior projections	Epiphallus with bridge straight, dis- tinctly divided in middle; anterior projections with posterior sides weakly rounded in lateral view; anchorae broad, near to anterior pro- jections (figs 21–23)	Epiphallus with bridge arciform, partly divided in middle; anterior projections with posterior sides nearly straight in lateral view; anchorae narrow, far from anterior projections
Phallic complex with apical penis valves expanded	Phallic complex with apical penis valves normal (figs 24–26)	Phallic complex with apical penis valves normal
Female subgenital plate broad, with pos- terior margin nearly straight, weakly incurved in the middle	Female subgenital plate broad, poste- rior margin with a large triangular process on both sides, straight in mid- dle (fig. 19)	Female subgenital plate narrow, posterior margin undulated
Hind femora yellowish green, without any color ring before knee	Hind femora red, with a yellow ring before knee (figs 30–31)	Hind femora greenish yellow, with a broad orange ring before knee