Chrysopodes (Neosuarius) nigripilosus ( Banks, 1924 )

Tauber, Catherine, 2010, Revision of Neosuarius, a subgenus of Chrysopodes (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae), ZooKeys 44 (44), pp. 1-104 : 81-84

Chrysopodes (Neosuarius) nigripilosus ( Banks, 1924)

Figs 40d , 41d, 57a, b, 59b, 60–62, 64a, c

Chrysopa nigripilosa Banks, 1924: 177 [AMNH, Lectotype (by present designation): “South Seymour, Galapagos Islands, April 20, 23, 1923”]. Linsley and Usinger 1966: 140 [distribution records]; Parkin et al. 1972: 102 [collection records]; Linsley 1977: 19 [distribution records]; Penny 1977: 19 [species list]; Klimaszewski, McE. Kevan and Peck 1987: 3032 [summary of collection records].

Chrysopodes (Neosuarius) nigripilosus (= nigripilosa ) ( Banks, 1924). Brooks and Barnard 1990: 272 [species list, transfer to Chrysopodes (Neosuarius) ]; Baert, Desender and Peck 1992: 145 [distribution records, as Neosuarius nigripilosa ]; Peck 2001: 273 [species list, distribution, as Chrysopodes nigripilosa ]; Oswald 2007 [catalog listing]; Tauber and Tauber 2010: 50 [redescription, intraspecific and interspecific variation].

Diagnosis. Chrysopodes (N.) nigripilosus is the most commonly collected Chrysopodes species on the Galápagos Islands; it is known from six islands. The most notable differences between this species and the other two from the Galápagos Islands are: (a) C. (N.) nigripilosus forewings ( Fig. 60 ) do not have suffusions of black or dark brown pigment on the membrane; (b) there are three to four crossveins between the Subcosta and Radius, below the stigma; (c) the cubital veins and crossveins (including icux2) are unmodified (i.e., they are not bent, crassate or enlarged). In the C. (N.) nigripilosus male, the gonarcal arms extend downward, not outward (Fig. 61); the eversible pouches at the tip of S8+9 are large and well separated by a flat area (Fig. 61c; also Figs 7 , 8 in Tauber and Tauber 2010). In the female, the terminal sternites [S5, S6, S7 (basal or entirely)] are dark brown ( Fig. 57b ); the spermathecal duct is short and lacks tight coils; the bursal glands are large and globose, and their accessory ducts may be branched (Figs 12–14 in Tauber and Tauber).

Description. Available in Tauber and Tauber (2010).

Larvae. Unknown

Eggs. Unknown.

Biology. Pollen was found in the guts of several specimens (also reported by Brooks and Barnard 1990: 213). Adult specimens were collected in all months from January through October (see Banks 1924: 179; Parkin et al. 1972: 102, Baert et al. 1992: 145; Peck 2001: 273, specimens listed below)

One female specimen (from Santa Cruz Island) provided insight into the functional morphology of the subgenitale. In this specimen, the genital pore is open, the membranous fold at the base of the subgenitale is extended outward, and the knob-like tip of the subgenitale is extruded. It had entered an external spermatophore, which was attached to the specimen (and which dissolved or was lost in the maceration of the

a b mu abdomen in potassium hydroxide) ( Fig. 62 ). The spermathecal duct extends into the base of the subgenitale and the tubular opening of the spermatheca faces posteriorly. It appears that the female everts the subgenitale during or after copulation and that the structure has a role in (a) holding the spermatophore to the genital opening and/or (b) gathering sperm or other substances from the spermatophore.

Type material. Chrysopa nigripilosa Banks. In this original description Banks indicated that the type(s) were in the “collection of the N. Y. Zoological Society”; he did not specify how many specimens were in the type series, but his description is consistent with more than one. One syntype was found in the AMNH and four in the MCZ. The male that is in the AMNH and that carries a “type” label, appears to be the one that Banks considered the primary type; it is hereby designated as the Lectotype (present designation). Its labels read: (1) “South Seymour / Galapagos / April 23 1923 ”; (2) “Williams Galapagos Exped., / Dept. of Tropical Research, / N. Y. Zoological Society, / William Beebe, Director”; (3) “Gift of New York / Zoo. Soc., Dept. / Tropical Research / William Beebe, Dir.”; (4) “ Chrysopa / nigropilosa [Sic!] / type Bks.” [white, red border; hand-written (Banks)]; (5) “ LECTOTYPE, Chrysopa nigripilosa / Banks 1924 / des. C. Tauber, 2010 ” [red].

This specimen, the lectotype, is teneral. It has a mediuncus that is characteristic of the other specimens, but the gonarcal arms are barely formed, the glandular ducts are visible only in the region of the gonarcal arms, not in the mediuncus, and the eversible pouches are small and withdrawn.

The four specimens in the MCZ (examined) are identified as paralectotypes and are labeled as follows: (1) “So Seymour Isl. / Galapagos Islds. / 20 April 1923 / Am. Mus. Exped. ” [hand printed, Banks?]; (2) “Type 15055” [red]; one specimen bears a label (3) “ Chrysopa / nigripilosa paratype Bks” [white and red red border; hand -written (Banks)]; (4) “ PARALECTOTYPE, Chrysopa nigripilosa Banks , det. C. A. Tauber, 2009” [yellow, printed].

Specimens examined (in addition to the type material). ECUADOR. Galápagos Archipelago. Baltra (= South Seymour ). 30 m, S. Peck, I/24/1989, arid zone, grass+ Bursera Forest , UV light, 89–4 (2M, USNM) ; 10 m, I/23/1989, S. Peck, arid zone, Bursera Forest , UV light, 89–5 (1F, USNM), beating or on ground, 89–12 (1M, USNM) . Santa Cruz (= Indefatigable). CDRS, Arid zone, II/5–9/1989, dung tp., B. J. Sinclair (1F, USNM) ; Academy Bay , II/17/1964, P. D. Ashlock, (1M, 1F, BPBM) ; 0–100 m IX/1970, J. & M. Sedlacek (2F, BPBM) ; Academy Bay, Darwin Research Station , I/25-II/27/1964, D. Q. Cavagnaro & R. O. Schuster (3M, 11F, CAS), III/21/1964, D. Q. Cavagnaro (1M, CAS), I/30/- IIII-20/1964, R. O. Schuster (30M, 13F, CAS), I/21- II/1/1964, E. G. Linsley (2M, 1F CAS) ; CDRS, X/12–27/1968, Edin. Univ. Exped 1969.71 (4F, 2?, NSM, det. A. R. Waterston, 1970). Isabela (= Albemarle). nr, Punta Tortuga N, of Tagus Cove , I/28–30/1967, edge of mangrove swamp, among Bursera graveolens, I. L. Wiggins (1M, CAS) ; Puerto Villamil , MVL, III/2/1989, B. Laudry (1M, 1F, USNM) ; V. Alcedo, arid zone, 200m, Palo Santo woodland uv light, IV/3/1996, S. Peck, 96–78 (1M, 1F, USNM) ; V. Wolf, summit arid z, 1700m, sweeping shrubs, V/21/1996, S. Peck, 96–201 (1F, USNM) ; Beagle Crater , 3 m. (beach), III/25/1988, 4 m. (beach), III/23/1988, L. Baert, K. Desender & J.-P. Maelfait (6M, 2F, IRSN, Sample #B.88/0478; alcohol) ; Volcán Wolf , 4 m. (beach), III/20/1988, L. Baert, K. Desend- er & J.-P. Maelfait (2M, 5F, IRSN, Sample #B.88/0446; alcohol) ; Volcán Wolf , 4 m. (beach), III/23/1988, L. Baert, K. Desender & J.-P. Maelfait (11M, 8F, IRSN, Sample #B.88/0470; alcohol) . Fernandina (= Narborough ). W side, 1,100’, II/5/1964, D. Q. Cavagnaro (2F, CAS) ; Beginning of encañada, V/4/1991, L. Baert, K. Desender & J.-P. Maelfait (1F, IRSN, Sample #B.91/0765; alcohol) ; Cabo Hammond , 5 m, V/12/1991, L. Baert, K. Desender & J.-P. Maelfait (4M, 2F, IRSN, Sample #B.91/0802; alcohol) . Santa Fe (= Barrington). Lagoon, 400 m, IV/24/1991, L. Baert, K. Desender & J.-P. Maelfait (1F, IRSN, Sample #B.91/0722; alcohol) . Santiago (= San Salvador, James). Settlement , IX/22/1968, Edin. Univ. Exped. 1969.70 (1F, NMS, det. A. R. Waterston 1970). [Note: Additional specimens from Santa Cruz Island are in the NMS.]

Known distribution. Endemic to the Galápagos Islands (reported from six islands).

Variation. Tauber and Tauber (2009: Tables 1, 3) described the geographic variation in detail.

Figures

Figure 7. Measurements and structure of gonarcus (dorsal). g.a. gonarcal apodeme, distal span (blue) g.b. gonarcal bridge, width along midline of bridge (blue); mu mediuncus rod internal sclerotized rod of mediuncus.

Figure 8. Measurements of female abdomen (exterior, lateral) on cleared specimen mounted in glycerine on slide with coverslip. c.c. callus cerci: maximum length (blue), maximum height (red) g.l. gonapophysis lateralis: length at midpoint (blue); maximum height (red,) S7 seventh sternite: length along ventral margin (blue); maximum height along basal margin and perpendicular to baseline (red) T8+ex eighth tergite plus lightly sclerotized extension: length along dorsal surface (blue), height of tergite at midsegment (red); height of extended section at midsegment (green); T9+ectoproct: maximum height along anterior margin (red).

Figure 40. Chrysopodes (Neosuarius) flavescens-group: Head, prothorax, dorsum. (a) C. (N.) escomeli (b) C. (N.) flavescens (c) C. (N.) nigricubitus (d) C. (N.) nigripilosus (e) C. (N.) pecki (f) C. (N.) porterinus.

Figure 57. Abdomens, ventral. (a) Chrysopodes (Neosuarius) nigripilosus male (b) Chrysopodes (Neosuarius) nigripilosus female (c) C. (N.) nigricubitus female (d) C. (N.) pecki female. The scale applies to all images.

Figure 60. Chrysopodes (Neosuarius) nigripilosus: Forewing, hindwing (Ecuador, Galápagos Archipelago, Isabela Island).

Figure 62. Chrysopodes (Neosuarius) nigripilosus: Female abdominal terminus with subgenitale extruded. g.l. gonapophysis lateralis pol typical pollen grain found in guts of C. (Neosuarius) nigripilosus sg.m. membranous base of subgenitale sg.t. sclerotized process at tip of subgenitale S7 seventh sternite sp spermatheca.