Pisaboa, HUBER, 2000
|
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1206/0003-0090(2000)254<0001:NWPSAP>2.0.CO;2 |
|
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ACD276-8E4C-FEF6-FF46-FB2742173EF9 |
|
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
|
scientific name |
Pisaboa |
| status |
gen. nov. |
PISABOA View in CoL View at ENA , NEW GENUS
TYPE SPECIES: Pisaboa silvae , new species.
ETYMOLOGY: The generic name honors the Pisabo Indians, a tropical forest people in the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon, who number approximately 100 people.
DIAGNOSIS: Medium-sized (total length 1.8–2.7), rather dark, eight-eyed pholcids; distinguished from other genera by the articulated apophyses on the male chelicerae (figs. 13, 1148, 1155; except P. estrecha , n. sp.: fig. 1140), the long procursus, the distinctively shaped ventral apophysis on the male palpal femur (figs. 1136, 1146), and the arched pore plates in the female internal genitalia (figs. 1138, 1142, 1150).
DESCRIPTION: Total length ~ 1.8–2.7 mm. Carapace with deep thoracic groove, ocular area moderately elevated, with eight eyes, AME smallest; distance PME-ALE about 50–70% of PME diameter. Male clypeus unmodified. Male chelicerae with pair of distinctive apophyses that appear to be articulated (= extremely modified hairs?), without stridulatory ridges laterally. Male sternum with very low humps in P. laldea , n. sp. (oth- er species without humps). Male palpal coxa with rounded retrolateral apophysis, femur proximally with retrolateral apophysis, distally enlarged with distinct ventral apophysis; procursus very long; bulb simple, with distal spine. Tarsal organ exposed (examined: P. silvae : fig. 95). Legs relatively long (leg 1 about 8 × body length; tibia 1 l/d about 43– 63), leg formula 1243 (leg 2 only slightly longer than leg 4); legs in males usually without dark rings; without spines and curved hairs, with many vertical hairs on all tibiae; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 proximal (at ~ 6–7%); tarsus with ~ 16–22 pseudosegments. Opisthosoma oval, tapering into spinnerets (fig. 1151). Male gonopore without epiandrous spigots (examined: P. silvae : fig. 130). ALS with only one piriform gland spigot each (examined: P. silvae : fig. 181), other spinnerets typical for family.
Sexual dimorphism slight; legs of females with distinct dark rings on femora and tibiae (subdistally); epigynum with pair of pockets or light areas, internally with very characteristic arched pore plates (figs. 1138, 1142, 1150), and membranous receptacle originating medially from valve area.
MONOPHYLY: The four species included share the arched pore plates and membranous receptacle in the female internal genitalia, the articulated apophyses on the male chelicerae, and the long procursus.
GENERIC RELATIONSHIPS: The ventral apophysis on the palpal femur and the many vertical hairs on the male tibiae are shared by Waunana . However, a similar femur apophysis is shared by several Central American genera and Tupigea and some species tentatively placed in Mecoloesthus . On the other hand, a similar membranous sac in the female internal genitalia (not included in the cladistic analysis) is shared by the type species of Pomboa . Whatever the sister group, Pisaboa is clearly part of the New World clade (thoracic groove, large distance PME- ALE, retrolateral coxal apophysis, epian- drous spigots absent, ALS piriform gland spigots reduced to one, exposed tarsal organ).
DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed in western South America from Bolivia to northwestern Venezuela.
COMPOSITION: The genus as construed here includes only the four species newly described below.
Pisaboa silvae , new species Figures 13 View Figs , 52, 58 View Figs , 95 View Figs , 130 View Figs , 181 View Figs , 1133–1139
TYPES: Male holotype, 183 24♀ paratypes from Rio Samiria (4°43'S, 74°18'W), Dept. Loreto, Peru GoogleMaps ; May – June, 1990 (T. Erwin ‘‘et al.’’), fogging, in MUSM .
ETYMOLOGY: Named for Diana Silva who collected most of the Peruvian pholcids I have seen.
DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from P. laldea and estrecha by the position and direction of the cheliceral apophyses (which in the present species are identical to P. mapiri , n. sp., cf. fig. 1148); from P. laldea and mapiri by the more slender procursus (figs. 1133– 1135); from P. estrecha also by the wider epigynum (fig. 1139); from P. mapiri also by the absence of light spots laterally on the epigynum (fig. 1139).
MALE (holotype): Total length 2.1, carapace width 0.9; leg 1: 16.0 (4.0+0.3+3.7 +6.8+1.2), tibia 2: 2.5, tibia 3: 2.0, tibia 4: 2.4; tibia 1 l/d: 43. Habitus and prosoma shape as in P. laldea (cf. figs. 1151–1153); distance PME-ALE about 70% of PME diameter. Carapace ochre-yellow to light brown, with indistinct darker Y mark, clypeus with pair of darker stripes, sternum ochre-yellow, without anterior humps. Chelicerae indistinguishable from those of P. mapiri (cf. fig. 1148; see also fig. 13). Palps as in fig. 1137, with rounded retrolateral coxal apophysis; femur with subdistal apophysis ventrally (fig. 1136), procursus long, not conspicuously flattened (figs. 1133–1135); bulb simple, with distal spine (fig. 1137; see also figs. 52, 58). Tarsal organ exposed (fig. 95). Legs ochre-yellow, darker rings hardly visible, without spines and curved hairs, many vertical hairs on all tibiae; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 6%; tarsus 1 with ~ 16 pseudosegments. Opisthosoma shape as in P. laldea (cf. fig. 1151), dark gray with white spots among many indistinct dark spots, with light brown genital plate; gonopore without epiandrous spigots (fig. 130); ALS with only one piriform gland spigot each (fig. 181).
VARIATION: Tibia 1 in 14 male paratypes: 3.5–3.9 (x¯ = 3.7). Some males have no white spots on the opisthosoma.
FEMALE (paratypes): Tibia 1 (N = 22) 2.5– 2.8 (x¯ = 2.6). In general similar to male, but with distinct dark brown rings proximally and subdistally on femora and tibiae, and proximally on metatarsi; each ring preceded and followed by whitish ring, which gives legs very vivid, annulated pattern; tibiae without vertical hairs. Sternum brown. Epigynum ochre, with pair of dark, lateral pockets, and frontally with greenish arch (fig. 1139); internally with long, arched pore plates and large transparent ventral sac originating from round median frontal structure (fig. 1138).
DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed in lowland Peru (Loreto to Madre de Dios).
MATERIAL EXAMINED: PERU: Loreto: types above ; same data as types: 23 in MUSM ; same locality, May 30, 1990 (D. Silva), 1♀ 1 juvenile in MUSM ; Madre de Dios: Zona Reservada Pakitza (11°56'S, 71°17'W), 356 m elev., May 2, 1991 (D. Silva), 1♀ in MUSM GoogleMaps ; same locality and collector, Apr. 24–May 6, 1991, 2♀ (2 vials) in USNM GoogleMaps ; Pakitza, Rio Manú , 250 m elev., Sept. 22, 1988 (T. Erwin & B. D. Farrel), 23 1♀ (2 vials) in USNM .
Pisaboa estrecha , new species Figures 1140–1142
TYPES: Male holotype, 33 5♀ paratypes from Rio Samiria (4°43'S, 74°18'W), Loreto, Peru GoogleMaps ; May – June, 1990 (T. Erwin ‘‘et al.’’), ‘‘fogging... and manual,’’ in MUSM .
ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is an adjective referring to the comparatively narrow epigynum.
DIAGNOSIS: Close relative of P. silvae , distinguished by the converging cheliceral apophyses (fig. 1140), and by the much narrower epigynum (fig. 1141).
MALE (holotype): Total length 1.8, carapace width 0.74; leg 1: (4.4+0.3+4.6+8.5, tarsus missing), tibia 2: 2.6, tibia 3: 1.9, tibia 4 missing (tibia 2/ 4 in male paratype: 2.9/ 2.8); tibia 1 l/d: 63. Habitus and prosoma shape as in P. laldea (cf. figs. 1151–1153); distance PME-ALE about 50% of PME diameter. Carapace ochre-yellow to light brown, with indistinct darker Y mark, clypeus with pair of darker stripes, sternum ochre-yellow, without anterior humps. Chelicerae with pair of converging apophyses (fig. 1140; unlike the apophyses in other species of the genus, these apophyses do not seem to be articulated, but their actual mode of insertion is unclear). Palps not distinguishable from those of P. silvae (cf. figs. 1133– 1137). Legs ochre-yellow, without rings, without spines and curved hairs, many vertical hairs on all tibiae; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 7%; tarsus 1 with ~ 20 pseudosegments. Opisthosoma shape as in P. laldea (cf. fig. 1151), monochromous light greenish-ochre, with light brown genital plate.
VARIATION: Tibia 1 in other males from Rio Samiria: 3.5, 4.1, 4.3, 4.9. The USNM has specimens from southern Peru (Madre de Dios; see below) that are very similar to the present material, but the procursus is slightly longer, and the epigynum slightly larger and minimally different in shape. This material is tentatively assigned to the present species .
FEMALE: Tibia 1 (N = 10): 2.9–3.4 (x¯ = 3.2). In general similar to male, but with distinct dark brown rings subdistally on femora, proximally and subdistally on tibiae, and proximally on metatarsi (without whitish rings); sternum brown; tibiae without vertical hairs. Epigynum ochre, with pair of dark, lateral pockets (fig. 1141); internally with long, arched pore plates and large transparent ventral sac (not bifid) originating from round median frontal structure (fig. 1142; the sac is actually easier to see in ventral view: fig. 1141).
DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed in lowland Peru (see Variation above).
MATERIAL EXAMINED: PERU: Loreto: types above ; same data: 23 2♀ (2 vials) in MUSM ; May 1990, 3♀ in MUSM. Huánuco: Bosque Nacional Alexander von Humboldt, ‘‘ El Caobal,’’ July 31, 1986 (D. Silva), 13 1♀ in MUSM. The following material is assigned tentatively: Madre de Dios: Zona Reservada Pakitza (11°56'S, 71°17'W), May 1– 6 and Oct. 1–9, 1991 (D. Silva), 23 2♀ (4 vials) in USNM GoogleMaps ; Zona Reservada de Manú, Rio La Torre and Rio Tambopata (12°50'S, 69°17'W), Aug.–Dec. 1979 (A. Rypstra), 2♀ in USNM GoogleMaps ; Zona Reservada Tambopata , 30 km SW Puerto Maldonado (12°50'S, 69°17'W), 290 m elev., canopy fogging, Nov. 7–12, 1983 (T. Erwin ‘‘et al.’’), 2♀ in USNM GoogleMaps .
Pisaboa mapiri , new species Figures 1143–1150
TYPES: Male holotype, 1♀ paratype from Mapiri (N La Paz), Dept. La Paz, Bolivia ; Aug. 11–17, 1989 (L. E. Peña), in AMNH .
ETYMOLOGY: Named for the type locality. The specific name is a noun in apposition.
DIAGNOSIS: Close relative of P. silvae , distinguished by the much broader procursus (figs. 1144–1146), and the light spots laterally on the epigynum (fig. 1149). Distinguished from P. laldea and estrecha by the lateral position of the apophyses on the male chelicerae (fig. 1148) and the shape of the procursus.
MALE (holotype): Total length 1.9, carapace width 0.8. All legs missing. Habitus and prosoma shape as in P. laldea (figs. 1151– 1153); distance PME-ALE about 50% of PME diameter. Carapace ochre-yellow, dark- er medially, ocular area and clypeus also ochre-yellow; sternum with slightly darker median band, without anterior humps. Chelicerae with pair of strong apophyses situated in light area (fig. 1148; modified hairs?). Palps as in figs. 1143, 1146, with rounded retrolateral coxal apophysis, femur with ventral subdistal apophysis, procursus large, broad in retrolateroventral view (figs. 1144– 1145), much thinner in retrolaterodorsal view, with black spine distally accompanied by ventral lamina, bulb with simple distal spine (fig. 1147). Opisthosoma shape as in P. laldea (cf. fig. 1151), pale greenish-ochre, without markings, with ochre-yellow genital plate.
FEMALE (paratype): Total length 2.2, carapace width 0.8; leg 1: 15.0 (3.8+0.3+3.7 +6.3+0.9), tibia 2: 2.2, tibia 3: 1.8 (leg 4 missing). In general similar to male; sternum dark brown, almost black, clypeus with pair of dark brown stripes running down from lat- eral eye triads. Legs with distinct dark rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally). Epigynum flat brown plate, with greenish arch frontally, apparently without lateral pockets (fig. 1149). Dorsal view as in fig. 1150, pore plates forming large arch; with transparent, bifid sac ventrally of uterus externus, originating medially from valve area.
DISTRIBUTION: Known from northern Bolivia (La Paz, Beni).
MATERIAL EXAMINED: BOLIVIA: La Paz: Mapiri : types above ; Beni: 16.8 mi SW Yucumo (15°23'S, 66°59'W), ~ 500 m elev., Nov. 15–19, 1989 (J. Coddington, C. Griswold, D. Silva, S. Larcher, E. Peñaranda), 13 1♀ (2 vials) in USNM GoogleMaps .
Pisaboa laldea , new species Figures 1151–1158
TYPE: Male holotype from rain forest at ‘‘Camp. Siberia,’’ Laldea, 1200 m elev., Pregonero , Dept. Tachira, Venezuela ; July 10– 31, 1989 (S. & J. Peck), in AMNH .
ETYMOLOGY: Named for the type locality. The specific name is a noun in apposition.
DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from congeners by the shape and position of the apophyses on the male chelicerae (fig. 1155), and the shape of the procursus (figs. 1156–1158).
MALE (holotype): Total length 2.7, carapace width 1.1; leg 1: 22.4 (4.9+0.4+5.4 +10.0+1.7), tibia 2: 3.2, tibia 3: 2.4, tibia 4: 3.0; tibia 1 l/d: 50. Habitus as in fig. 1151. Prosoma with deep thoracic groove, moderately elevated ocular area with eight eyes (figs. 1152–1153); distance PME-ALE about 60% of PME diameter. Carapace ochrebrown with darker brown markings medially and laterally, ocular area and clypeus brown, sternum ochre-brown with pair of very low humps anteriorly, chelicerae with proximal humps and distal frontal apophyses situated in light area (fig. 1155). Palps in general as in P. mapiri (cf. figs. 1143, 1146), but procursus of different shape (figs. 1156–1158), and bulb larger with oblique distal apophysis (fig. 1154). Legs ochre, with brown rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally); retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 6%; tarsus 1 with ~ 22 pseudosegments. Opisthosoma as in fig. 1151,
dark greenish-gray with black spots dorsally and brown rectangular genital plate.
FEMALE: Unknown.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from type locality.
MATERIAL EXAMINED: VENEZUELA: Tachira: Pregonero: type above.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.