Cameraria sokoke De Prins, 2012

Prins, Jurate De & Kawahara, Akito Y., 2012, Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), Zootaxa 3594 (1), pp. 1-283 : 51-52

10. Cameraria sokoke De Prins , new species

( Figs 35 , 162–164 , 364 , 437 )

Diagnosis. The forewing pattern of C. sokoke can easily be confused with that of C. zaira , but the male genitalia are specific and highly diagnostic. Cameraria sokoke can be easily recognized from all other species of Afrotropical Cameraria by small setose processes on apex of tegumen. For further details differentiating C. sokoke from C. zaira see identification key and the description below. Apical appendices of tegumen are found, beside in Afrotropical Cameraria species , only in two oriental species: C. trizosterata ( Kumata, 1993) and an undescribed Cameraria species found in Vietnam ( van Nieukerken & De Prins 2007).

Holotype: ♂, [1] ‘ Kenya / Arabuko Sokoke Forest / 12 km W Gede 70 m / 03°17’S 39°59’E / 30.iii.2004 / leg. J. De Prins’; [2] ‘Gen. Prep. 3645♂ / De Prins’; [3] ‘MRAC/KMMA / 00385’; specimen ID: [4] ‘ RMCA ENT 000003275 ’; [5] ‘DNA voucher / CLV14207 ’, in CCDB; [6] Holotype ♂ / Cameraria / sokoke / De Prins, 2012 ’, in RMCA

Description. Adult ( Fig. 35 ). Forewing length: 1.9 mm.

Head: Vertex tufted with ochreous piliform scales intermixed with white; frons smooth, shiny white covered with long narrow appressed white scales. Labial palpus slightly longer than eye, light beige with darker shading from outer lateral side, apically pointed, directed downwards. Maxillary palpus small, porrect, ochreous. Antenna as long as forewing, not ringed, each flagellomere clearly distinctive, narrower basally and wider apically, first two flagellomeres white, rest light ochreous beige, gradually darkened towards tip of antenna; ventral side of antenna lighter than dorsal; pedicel white; scape white ventro-anteriorly, ochreous brown dorso-posteriorly, pecten white, thick, as long as scape.

Thorax. Light ochreous with white shading at posterior part; tegulae brownish ochreous, unicolous. Forewing elongate, ground colour light ochreous with white markings consisting of basal streak and three parallel fasciae; basal streak initiates at basal corner of dorsal margin of forewing, oblique towards apex, edged apically with a irregular row of black scales; first fascia at 1/4, slender, oblique, directed towards apex, running transverse, but not reaching costa, tapering to sharp point at costa, finely edged apically with one row of black scales extending to costa and beyond white marking of first fascia; second fascia at 1/2 parallel to first fascia basally, with a sharp curve directed towards apex at costal sector, reaching costa, edged apically with 2–3 rows of black scales; third fascia parallel to second fascia at 3/4, slightly curved at apical area and reaching costal margin of forewing, costal part of third fascia edged by irroration of numerous black scales, however, dark spot of black irroration of scales bordering costal sector of third fascia not reaching apex of forewing; no apical streak, but a very distinctive black fringe line along termen to tornus; fringe very short golden shiny along termen and long, dirty white with golden shine along dorsal margin of forewing. Hindwing pale greyish with silvery shine with long fringe of slightly darker shading without shine. Fore femur light fuscous,without shine, fore tibia dirty white covered with irroration of light fuscious, relatively large, irregularly dispersed scales, tarsomeres I–II dirty white with dark fuscous apices, tarsomere III ochreous, terminal tarsomere shiny golden. Mid-femur and tibia fuscous dorsally and dirty white ventrally, tarsomere I dirty white with dark fuscous longitudinal patch dorsally, tarsomere II light beige dorsally and dirty white ventrally, tarsomeres III–IV fuscous, terminal tarsomere light beige. Hind femur white with silvery shine, hind tibia white with fuscous small partch subbasally and fuscous small patch at apex, apical spurs dirty white with ochreous apical half on longer spine and fuscous apces on shorter spines; tarsomere I with fuscous subbasal spot and dark fuscous subapical spot, tarsomere II dirty white with fuscous apical ring, tarsomeres III ochreous fuscous, tarsomere IV–V pale beige.

Abdomen. Fuscous dorsally, paler ventrally. Sternum VIII in males tapering caudally with sharp caudal apex, lateral edges covered with long numerous setae.

Male genitalia ( Figs 162–164 ). Tegumen rather long, tapering distally, uncus possesses two short thick processes with rounded apices (socii), covered with short and numerous setae; socii separated by broad U-shaped indentation of uncus; a pair of long apical setae arising subbasally from apical processes; tegumenal arms (gnathos) long, reaching 2/3 of tegumen, moderate in width, strongly sclerotized, V-shaped, connected basally, one long seta arising at tip of each tegumenal arm. Valvae symmetrical, very slender and long, ca. 380 µm, longer than sternum VIII, straight, dorsal and ventral margins gradually widening towards cucullus, with long, triangular, dorsobasal process at connection with tegumen, and short, broad triangular, ventrobasal process at connection with vinculum; apex gently rounded; median inner surface of valva starting from subbasal 1/4 covered with median long, spinelike, thick, pointed setae, setose sector originating at subbasal 1/4 of valva as narrow band, significantly enlarging apically and terminating in fully setose apex. Vinculum narrow with long slender lateral processes and thickened median margin with very short, broad, blunt saccus. Aedoeagus ca. 4/5 as long as valva, slightly broadened at coecum, gradually tapering towards vesica, with slightly wrinkled sclerotization at vesica.

Female genitalia. Unknown.

Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition refering to the type locality.

Habitat. East African Coastal Forest ( Fig. 437 ).

Host plant(s). Unknown.

Flight period. Adults were recorded in late March.

Distribution. ( Fig. 364 ). Known only from the type locality in East Kenya.

Figures

FIGURES 33–38. Adults. Scale bar 1 mm. 33, Cameraria perodeaui, holotype ♀, DRC, Bas-Congo, Luki-Mayumbe NR, 16.v.2007, leg. J. & W. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004799. 34, Cameraria perodeaui, paratype ♀, DRC, Bas-Congo, Luki-Mayumbe NR, 23.v.2007, leg. J. & W. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004798. 35, Cameraria sokoke, holotype ♂, Kenya, Arabuko Sokoke Forest, 30.iii.2004, leg. J. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003275. 36, Cameraria zaira, holotype ♂, DRC, Ht. Katanga, Panda, 04.ii.1930, leg. J. Romieux, in MHNG. 37, Cameraria torridella, holotype ♂, Kenya, Rift Valley, Turi, 02.xii.1998, leg. D.J.L. Agassiz, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003121. 38, Phyllonorycter achilleus, holotype ♂, Kenya, Rift Valley, Turi, ex mine 16.x.1999, leg. D.J.L. Agassiz, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003125.

FIGURES 162–166. Male genitalia. Scale bar 100 µm. 162–164, Cameraria sokoke, holotype, genitalia prep. MRAC/KMMA 00385, in RMCA. 162, ventral view. 163, sternum VIII. 164, aedoeagus. 165–166, Cameraria zaira, holotype, genitalia prep. De Prins 3517, in MHNG. 165, ventral view. 166, aedoeagus.

FIGURES 356–366. Distribution of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae species. 356, Hyloconis luki. 357, Neolithocolletis mayumbe. 358, Neolithocolletis nsengai. 359, Cameraria hexalobina. 360, Cameraria fara. 361, Cameraria landryi. 362, Cameraria varii. 363, Cameraria perodeaui. 364, Cameraria sokoke. 365, Cameraria zaira. 366, Cameraria torridella.

FIGURES 437–440. Habitats of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae species. 437, Arabuko Sokoke Forest, Kenya, April 2001. The habitat contains elements of coastal mixed forest as well as miombo / Cynometra woodland. 438, Tsavo, Kenya, April 2002. The habitat contains elements of semi-arid grassland and savannah. 439, Ololua Forest, Rift Valley, Kenya, April 2002. The habitat is dominated by tree vegetation. 440, Taita Hills, Kenya, April 2003. The habitat is a precambrian mountain range covered with moist forest housing many endemic species of flora and fauna.