HOLAXONIA Studer, 1887

Sánchez, Juan A., 2007, A new genus of Atlantic octocorals (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae): systematics of gorgoniids with asymmetric sclerites, Journal of Natural History 41 (9 - 12), pp. 493-509 : 495-499

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222930701237315

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE4A74-FF87-FFCC-FE86-8D49FEFAF7D0

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

HOLAXONIA Studer, 1887
status

 

Suborder HOLAXONIA Studer, 1887 View in CoL

Family GORGONIIDAE Lamouroux, 1812

Gorgonian octocorals ( Holaxonia , see Bayer 1961; Sánchez et al. 2003a) with spindlederived sclerites in the colony surface,, 0.5 mm length, ornamented with complex (many internal geometrical/fractal subwarts) warts (or tubercles) disposed in transverse girdles, usually, 20 mm wide ( Sánchez et al. 2003b). Bayer and McIntyre (2001) proposed that calcite hydroxyapatite (CHAp) is only present in this family although it has not been found in all subfamilies and genera. Circumtropically distributed in shallow water (some symbiotic with zooxanthellae) with a few deep-water and sub-tropical species (e.g. Figure 2 View Figure 2 ).

Clade 1. Gorgoniids with scaphoid sclerites

Gorgoniidae View in CoL with scaphoid sclerites in the colony surface ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 ), 4–10 rows of warts, presence of CHAp in their axes and/or bases, and flattened branches with polyps in series at the edges. Five genera: Gorgonia, Caribbean View in CoL Pseudopterogorgia spp. (5 Antillogorgia View in CoL ) (probably some Indopacific Pseudopterogorgia: Williams and Vennam 2001 View in CoL ), Pterogorgia View in CoL , Phyllogorgia View in CoL , and Olindogorgia macgravi (see Bayer 1961, 1981; and phylogenetic relationships in Sánchez et al. 2003b). Distributed only in the western Atlantic from Bermuda to Brazil, mostly symbiotic (zooxanthellate).

Clade 2. Gorgoniids with capstan sclerites

Gorgoniidae View in CoL with capstan-derived (short stout spindles: Figure 4 View Figure 4 ) sclerites with symmetrical whorls or girdles (, six rows) of warts and derived forms (e.g. Leptogorgia spp. disk spindles: Figure 4D–F View Figure 4 ) in the colony surface ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 ); polyps placed in series along the branches. Presence of CHAp in their axes and/or bases. Leptogorgia View in CoL (5 Lophogorgia , see Bayer 1961; and in part Grasshoff 1988; Williams and Lindo 1997), Eugorgia ( Verrill 1868) View in CoL , Pacifigorgia View in CoL (e.g. Breedy and Guzman 2003), Phycogorgia ( Bayer 1956) View in CoL , and Guaiagorgia ( Grasshoff and Alderslade 1997) View in CoL . Circumtropically distributed with a few deep-water and subtropical species ( Williams and Vennam 2001), mostly not symbiotic with zooxanthellae.

Clade 3. Gorgoniids with asymmetrical spiny sclerites

Gorgoniidae with long asymmetrical spiny sclerites in the colony surface. Sclerite spines long and robust.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Cnidaria

Class

Anthozoa

Order

Alcyonacea

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Cnidaria

Class

Anthozoa

Order

Alcyonacea

Family

Gorgoniidae

Loc

HOLAXONIA Studer, 1887

Sánchez, Juan A. 2007
2007
Loc

Pseudopterogorgia

: Williams and Vennam 2001
2001
Loc

Gorgonia mariae

Bayer 1961
1961
Loc

Gorgonia mariae

Bayer 1961
1961
Loc

Antillogorgia

Bayer 1951
1951
Loc

Pacifigorgia

Bayer 1951
1951
Loc

Eugorgia rubens

Verrill 1868
1868
Loc

Pterogorgia

Ehrenberg 1834
1834
Loc

Gorgoniidae

Lamouroux 1812
1812
Loc

Gorgoniidae

Lamouroux 1812
1812
Loc

G. ventalina

Linnaeus 1758
1758
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