HOLAXONIA Studer, 1887
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222930701237315 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE4A74-FF87-FFCC-FE86-8D49FEFAF7D0 |
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
scientific name |
HOLAXONIA Studer, 1887 |
status |
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Suborder HOLAXONIA Studer, 1887 View in CoL
Family GORGONIIDAE Lamouroux, 1812
Gorgonian octocorals ( Holaxonia , see Bayer 1961; Sánchez et al. 2003a) with spindlederived sclerites in the colony surface,, 0.5 mm length, ornamented with complex (many internal geometrical/fractal subwarts) warts (or tubercles) disposed in transverse girdles, usually, 20 mm wide ( Sánchez et al. 2003b). Bayer and McIntyre (2001) proposed that calcite hydroxyapatite (CHAp) is only present in this family although it has not been found in all subfamilies and genera. Circumtropically distributed in shallow water (some symbiotic with zooxanthellae) with a few deep-water and sub-tropical species (e.g. Figure 2 View Figure 2 ).
Clade 1. Gorgoniids with scaphoid sclerites
Gorgoniidae View in CoL with scaphoid sclerites in the colony surface ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 ), 4–10 rows of warts, presence of CHAp in their axes and/or bases, and flattened branches with polyps in series at the edges. Five genera: Gorgonia, Caribbean View in CoL Pseudopterogorgia spp. (5 Antillogorgia View in CoL ) (probably some Indopacific Pseudopterogorgia: Williams and Vennam 2001 View in CoL ), Pterogorgia View in CoL , Phyllogorgia View in CoL , and Olindogorgia macgravi (see Bayer 1961, 1981; and phylogenetic relationships in Sánchez et al. 2003b). Distributed only in the western Atlantic from Bermuda to Brazil, mostly symbiotic (zooxanthellate).
Clade 2. Gorgoniids with capstan sclerites
Gorgoniidae View in CoL with capstan-derived (short stout spindles: Figure 4 View Figure 4 ) sclerites with symmetrical whorls or girdles (, six rows) of warts and derived forms (e.g. Leptogorgia spp. disk spindles: Figure 4D–F View Figure 4 ) in the colony surface ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 ); polyps placed in series along the branches. Presence of CHAp in their axes and/or bases. Leptogorgia View in CoL (5 Lophogorgia , see Bayer 1961; and in part Grasshoff 1988; Williams and Lindo 1997), Eugorgia ( Verrill 1868) View in CoL , Pacifigorgia View in CoL (e.g. Breedy and Guzman 2003), Phycogorgia ( Bayer 1956) View in CoL , and Guaiagorgia ( Grasshoff and Alderslade 1997) View in CoL . Circumtropically distributed with a few deep-water and subtropical species ( Williams and Vennam 2001), mostly not symbiotic with zooxanthellae.
Clade 3. Gorgoniids with asymmetrical spiny sclerites
Gorgoniidae with long asymmetrical spiny sclerites in the colony surface. Sclerite spines long and robust.
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Family |
HOLAXONIA Studer, 1887
Sánchez, Juan A. 2007 |
Pseudopterogorgia
: Williams and Vennam 2001 |
Gorgonia mariae
Bayer 1961 |
Gorgonia mariae
Bayer 1961 |
Antillogorgia
Bayer 1951 |
Pacifigorgia
Bayer 1951 |
Eugorgia rubens
Verrill 1868 |
Pterogorgia
Ehrenberg 1834 |
Gorgoniidae
Lamouroux 1812 |
Gorgoniidae
Lamouroux 1812 |
G. ventalina
Linnaeus 1758 |