Parulidae, Wetmore, Friedmann, Lincoln, Miller, Peters, van Rossem, Van Tyne & Zimmer, 1947

Somenzari, Marina, Amaral, Priscilla Prudente do, Cueto, Víctor R., Guaraldo, André de Camargo, Jahn, Alex E., Lima, Diego Mendes, Lima, Pedro Cerqueira, Lugarini, Camile, Machado, Caio Graco, Martinez, Jaime, Nascimento, João Luiz Xavier do, Pacheco, José Fernando, Paludo, Danielle, Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti, Serafini, Patrícia Pereira, Silveira, Luís Fábio, Sousa, Antônio Emanuel Barreto Alves de, Sousa, Nathália Alves de, Souza, Manuella Andrade de, Telino-Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues & Whitney, Bret Myers, 2018, An overview of migratory birds in Brazil, Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58, pp. 1-66 : 21-22

Parulidae

Setophaga ruticilla (MGT) : breeds in Alaska, Canada and eastern USA and migrates to Central America, Caribbean and northwestern South America, as well as to southern USA in small numbers ( Curson, 2016a). In Brazil, it occurs only in the Amazon: in RR with records between September and April( Stotz et al., 1992; Sick,1997;WikiAves,2016), and in AM with records in January (WikiAves, 2016), April and November ( Stotz et al., 1992) and October (MPEG 43351). This species departs from breeding areas in North America between July and September and reaches South America in October, returning from late March on and arriving at the breeding site in April-May ( Curson, 2016a). It seems to exhibit higher fidelity to wintering areas in the Neotropics than to breeding areas in the North Temperate Zone, probably because individuals remain in the wintering area during their first year of life ( Holmes & Sherry, 1992). Populations from the west of the wintering area originate from the northwest of the breeding areas and populations from the east of the wintering area originate from the east and south of the breeding areas. In general, this species reduces its migration distance by flying mainly along a north-south axis between its breeding and wintering sites ( Norris et al., 2006).

Setophaga petechia (MGT) : occurs from Canada and the USA to northern South America in Colombia, Venezuela and northwestern Brazil. Individuals overwinter from western and southern Mexico to the south through Central America and in northern South America from southern to northern Bolivia and in the Brazilian Amazon ( Curson, 2010). In Brazil,records are restricted to the period of September to May in the Amazon region in the states of RR, AP, AM, PA ( Stotz et al., 1992; WikiAves, 2016; MPEG).

Setophaga striata (MGT) : originates from North America overwinters regularly in Amazonian lowlands, and its main wintering site in South America is in the Orinoco and Upper Amazon ( Sick, 1997). This species arrives in Brazil between September and October ( Sick, 1997) and visits forest edges and conserved forests in Manaus/ AM. In Brazilian amazon records are centered in the period between November and April ( Stotz et al., 1992). In southeastern Brazil, it occurs only occasionally ( Curson, 2010), with records for RJ from January to May ( Sick, 1997). Photographic and museum records confirm the pattern found in the literature: the species is present in RR, AP, AM and PA between October and May, in BA in January, in Distrito Federal (DF) in April, in MG in May, in RJ in February and March, and in SP in March (WikiAves, 2016; MZUSP 103227 [SP; 1969, March]; MPEG), which defines it as a boreal winter migrant.