Gasteruption bertae, Macedo, 2011

Macedo, Antonio Carlos Cruz, 2011, A revision of Gasteruption Latreille (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) in the Neotropical Region 3030, Zootaxa 3030 (1), pp. 1-62 : 12-18

Gasteruption bertae n. sp. ( Figs. 4 , 27a )

Etymology. The epithet for this species is in honor of Dr. Carolina Berta , curator of Hymenoptera, Fundación Miguel Lillo.

Diagnosis. Differs from other Neotropical species by the following combination of characters: head longer than wide, with posterior ocellus inserted behind the level of upper eye margin ( Fig. 4a ); metacoxa without striae ( Fig. 27a ); hind tarsus yellow basally; ovipositor sheath longer than metasoma ( Fig. 4e ); and fore wing discal cell absent.

Description. Female ( Fig. 4e ). Length: 11.4 mm (7.1–13.4 mm) (n=13); ovipositor sheath length 0.83 (0.73– 0.95) × body length.

Head. Subtrapezoidal in dorsal view, longer than wide ( Fig. 4a ), imbricate; mandible pre-apical tooth distinct; malar space short, almost separated from gena; posterior ocellus inserted behind the level of upper eye margin; occipital carina relatively wide dorsally and laterally ( Fig. 4b ). Head length 1.49 (1.36–1.67) × eye length; eye length 21.12 (15.50–26.50) × malar space; distance from posterior ocellus to occipital margin 1.98 (1.67–2.50) × distance between posterior ocelli; 1 st flagellomere 1.08 (1.00–1.33) × as long as scape, 1.26 (1.10–1.50) × as long as pedicel, 0.50 (0.36–0.79) × as long as 2 nd flagellomere. Color: black, clypeus with anterior portion lighter than remaining, antenna black to dark brown.

Mesosoma. Propleuron imbricate; pronotal process distinct; pronotum imbricate to punctate, area between lobes crenulate; mesonotum rounded in lateral view ( Fig. 4d ); mesoscutum and mesoscutelum punctate to sparsely punctate ( Fig. 4c ); mesepisternum imbricate dorsally and imbricate or rugulose ventrally; mesepimeron scrobiculate to rugulose; metapleuron rugulose or areolate, ventral region rugulose; propodeum areolate, longitudinal carina distinct ( Fig. 27a ); metacoxa without transversal striae. Mesosoma (excluding propleuron) 2.26 (2.01–2.53) × as long as high; propleuron 2.55 (2.07–3.28) × longer than its largest wide, 1.32 (1.21–1.43) × pronotum length; metacoxa 2.80 (2.55–3.00) × as long as wide; metatibia 4.41 (4.06–4.68) × as long as wide, 1.45 (1.36–1.54) × as long as femur, 3.17 (2.69–3.51) × as long as 1 st tarsomere. Fore wing discal cell absent; hind wing with 3 hamuli, not or almost equidistant. Color: black; fore and middle legs with coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia yellow brown to dark brown, tibia with or without a yellow longitudinal stripe, tarsus yellow, with apical tarsomeres gradually darker than basal ones; hind leg with coxa and trochanter black to dark brown, femur and tibia dark brown, subbasal portion of tibia yellow (yellow part inconspicuous in some specimens), tarsus dark brown, with base of 1 st tarsomere yellow.

Metasoma. Imbricate, 2.83 (2.56–3.09) × as long as mesosoma; subgenital sternun notched, Y-shaped; ovipositor sheath 1.41 (1.24–1.66) × as long as metasoma. Color: terga dark brown, with posterior regions lighter; ovipositor sheath black to dark brown, with apex yellow brown.

Male. Similar to female.

Geographic distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Mendoza, Neuquén, Salta) , Brazil (Santa Catarina), Paraguay .

Material examined. Holotype, female ( IMLA): ARGENTINA Catamarca: Los Nacimíentos de Abajo, Malaise , 16–30.XI.1968, A. Willink, A. Terán & L.A. Stange.

Paratypes: ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: unspecified locality, 1968, J.B. Daguerre, 1♀ ( USNM) ; Catamarca: 6 km N Belén, 1240 m, Malaise , 16–30.XI.1968, A. Willink, A. Terán & L.A. Stange, 2♀ ( IMLA) ; La Ciénaga , 21–22.XI.1967, A. Terán & L.A. Stange, 1♂ ( IMLA) ; Los Nacimíentos de Abajo , 16–31.X.1968, 16– 30.XI.1968, 16–31.XII.1968, 16–31.I.1969, A. Willink, A. Terán & L.A. Stange, 4♀, 2♂ ( IMLA) ; Mendoza: Las Vegas , 10 km Potrerillos, 20.II.1966, L.A. Stange, 1♀ ( IMLA) ; Uspallata , Haquarará, A. Willink, 1♀ ( IMLA) ; Neuquén: Collón Curá , 19.I.1980, A. Willink, Fidalgo, Dominguez & Claps, 2♀, 1♂ ( IMLA) ; Salta: Yacochuia, Cafayete , 1950 m, 16–31.XII.1968, A. Willink, A. Terán & L.A. Stange, 1♂, 1 unknown gender ( IMLA) ; BRA- ZIL : Santa Catarina: Nova Teutônia , 4.XI.1955, F. Plaumann, 1♀, 1♂ ( AEIC) ; PARAGUAY: Departamento Central: Areguá , XI.1980, D.C. Lowrie, 1♀ ( USNM) ; Paraguarí: Caballero , 24.XI.1971, L.E. Peña, 1♀ ( AEIC) .

Gasteruption bispinosum Kieffer, 1904 ( Figs. 1a, 1c–e , 5 , 27b )

Gasteruption bispinosum Kieffer, 1904: 17 (description); Kieffer, 1912: 238 (in key), 310–311 (redescription); Hedicke, 1939: 34 (catalog); De Santis, 1980: 297 (catalog); Macedo, 2009: 7 (cladistic analysis).

Gasteruption fallaciosum Szépligeti, 1903: 374–375 (description) [name preoccupied by G fallaciosum Semenow, 1892 ]; Enderlein, 1906: 245 (male record).

Gasteruption fallax Kieffer, 1909 (new name for G. fallaciosum Szépligeti ) [name preoccupied by G. fallax Schletterer, 1890 ].

Gasteruption fallens Kieffer, 1911b: 213 (new name for G. fallaciosum Szépligeti ); Kieffer, 1912: 238–239 (in key); 308 (redescription); Hedicke, 1939: 35 (catalog). New synonymy

Gasteruption fiebrigi Schrottky, 1907: 73–74 (description); Kieffer, 1912: 238 (in key), 307 (redescription); Hedicke, 1939: 35 (catalog); Rasmussen et al., 2009: 26 (catalog). New synonymy

Gasteruption Strandi Kieffer, 1910a: 74–75 (description). New synonymy

Gasteruption strandi: Kieffer, 1912: 238–239 (in key), 311 (redescription); Strand, 1912: 27–28 (redescription); Hedicke, 1939: 36 (catalog).

Gasteruption bihamatum Kieffer, 1911b: 190 (in key), 192–193 (description); Kieffer, 1912: 235 (in key), 297–298 (description, incorrectly recorded in Southern China); Hedicke, 1939: 34 (catalog); Pasteels, 1958a: 175 (incorrectly keyed to Palearctic region), 202–204 (redescription). New synonymy

Gasteruption leptodomum Kieffer, 1911b: 192 (in key), 210–211 (description); Kieffer, 1912: 244 (in key), 340 (description); Hedicke, 1939: 35 (catalog). New synonymy

Gasteruption montivagum Kieffer, 1911b: 192 (in key), 209 (description); Kieffer, 1912: 239 (in key), 314 (redescription); Hedicke, 1939: 36 (catalog). New synonymy

Diagnosis. Differs from both G. brachychaetum and G. amputatum by the longer ovipositor sheath (0.41–0.66 times as long as metasoma); and the subgenital sternun notched, Y-shaped. Differs from other Neotropical species by the shorter ovipositor sheath; and the fore wing discal cell present ( Fig. 1a ).

Redescription. Female ( Figs. 1a , 5e ). Length: 14.9 mm (10.5–16.0 mm) (n=40); ovipositor sheath length 0.36 (0.26–0.42) × body length.

Head. Subtrapezoidal in dorsal view, as long as wide ( Fig. 5a ), punctulate; mandible pre-apical tooth distinct; malar space short, almost separated from gena; posterior ocellus inserted at the level of upper eye margin; occipital carina relatively wide dorsally and laterally ( Fig. 5b ). Head length 1.26 (1.19–1.35) × eye length; eye length 18.93 (10.83–25.67) × malar space; distance from posterior ocellus to occipital margin 1.90 (1.63–2.15) × distance between posterior ocelli; 1 st flagellomere 1.27 (1.08–1.47) × as long as scape, 1.83 (1.45–2.25) × as long as pedicel, 0.75 (0.56–0.91) × as long as 2 nd flagellomere. Color: black, clypeus with anterior portion lighter than remaining, antenna black to dark brown (or apical flagellomeres lighter).

Mesosoma. Propleuron rugulose dorsally, sparsely punctate laterally; pronotal process distinct; pronotum ventral lobe imbricate rugulose, dorsal and posterior lobes imbricate, area between lobes crenulate; mesonotum rounded in lateral view ( Fig. 5d ); mesoscutum sparsely to densely punctate ( Fig. 5c ); mesoscutelum imbricate, with sparse punctation; mesepisternum imbricate dorsally and areolate ventrally; mesepimeron scrobiculate; metapleuron areolate, ventral region with a reduced smooth portion; propodeum areolate, longitudinal carina indistinct ( Fig. 27b ); metacoxa finely striate. Mesosoma (excluding propleuron) 1.65 (1.50–1.79) × as long as high; propleuron 1.68 (1.51–1.96) × longer than its largest wide, 1.11 (0.99–1.26) × pronotum length; metacoxa 3.07 (2.64–3.56) × as long as wide; metatibia 5.10 (4.69–5.80) × as long as wide, 1.36 (1.26–1.45) × as long as femur, 2.68 (2.51– 3.09) × as long as 1 st tarsomere. Fore wing discal cell subtrapezoidal, subtriangular, or petiolate ( Figs. 1c–e ); hind wing with 3 hamuli (rarely 2 or 4), not equidistant. Color: propleuron and mesonotum black; pronotum red brown; mesopleuron and metapleuron red brown (with some black areas in several specimens); propodeum red brown (mesosoma, except for legs, can be entirely black or entirely red brown in some specimens); fore and middle legs with coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia red brown to dark brown, tibia with a yellow longitudinal stripe, tarsus yellow; hind leg with coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia dark brown, subbasal portion of tibia yellow, 1 st tarsomere yellow, with base dark brown, 2 nd yellow, 3 rd –5 th dark brown.

Metasoma. Imbricate, 3.09 (2.83–3.42) × as long as mesosoma; subgenital sternun notched, Y-shaped; ovipositor sheath 0.57 (0.41–0.66) × as long as metasoma. Color: dark brown to black (rarely yellow brown); ovipositor sheath dark brown, with apex yellow brown.

Male. First record. Similar to female; hind tarsus usually entirely dark brown.

Geographic distribution: Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones, Salta, Tucumán) , Bolivia, Brazil (Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo) , Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Veracruz) , Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Material examined. Gasteruption bispinosum , syntype female ( MNHN). BRAZIL: Goiás: Jataí. Label information of locality is the same of the type locality.

Gasteruption fallaciosum Szépligeti , syntype female ( HNHM). BRAZIL: São Paulo: São Paulo .

Gasteruption strandi , 3 syntypes ( ZMHB): PARAGUAY: Cordillera: San Bernardino, K. Fiebrig , 1 female, 1 male; COLOMBIA: San Benito, Micholitz , 1 female.

Gasteruption bihamatum , syntype female ( BMNH no. 3a 204): BRAZIL: “ Fleuve des Amazones ” .

Gasteruption leptodomum , syntype male ( BMNH no. 3a 212): GUYANA: Muso .

Gasteruption montivagum , syntype male ( BMNH no. 3a 200): MEXICO: Guerrero: Sierra Colorada , 666 m ,

H.H. Smith.

Other material. ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Ca. Virasoro, Lãs Marias , 10–15.XI.1969, C. Porter, 1♀ ( IMLA) ; Misiones: San Pedro , 16.XI.1973, A. Willink & Tomsic, 1♂ ( IMLA) ; Reserva de la Vida Silvestre Uruguaí, 25.58ºS 54.07º, 400 m, Malaise , 10.XII.2003, B. Brown & G. Kung, 1♂ ( HIC) ; Iguazú Nat. Park , 10– 11.IV.1974, C. R. Vardy, 1♀ ( BMNH) ; Salta: Tartagal , I.1972, M. Fritz, 1♂ ( AEIC) ; Tucumán: Burruyacú, Far-

allón Blanco , 7.II.1961, R. Golbach, 1♂ ( IMLA) ; Burruyacú, V. Padre Monti , 17.I–7.II.1948, R. Golbach, 3♀ ( IMLA) ; Quebrada de Lules , 14.IV.1966, L.A. Stange, 1♂ ( IMLA) ; Raco , 18.I.1973, L.A. Stange, 1♀ ( IMLA) ; S. Pedro de Colalao , 1200 m, J.M. Arnau, 1♂ ( CNCI) ; Tafi, Horco Molle , IV.1941, Girard, 1♀ ( IMLA) ; Tafi, Horco Molle , 22.XII.1965, 26.XII.1965, L.A. Stange, 1♀, 2♂ ( IMLA) ; Tafi, Horco Molle , 26.XII.1965, 1.I.1966, 18.I.1966, 9.I.1966, H. & M. Townes, 27♀, 4♂ ( AEIC) ; Tafi, Horco Molle, Malaise , 4–12.I.1966, 8–14.V.1966, L.A. Stange, 6♀, 2♂ ( IMLA) ; Tafi, Horco Molle , 19.I.1966, 26.III.1966, 29.III.1966, 4.III.1975, L.A. Stange, 5♀, 5♂ ( IMLA) ; Tafi, Horco Molle , 20–27.I.1966, 28.I–3.II.1966, 7–13.III.1966, L.A. Stange, 6♂ ( AEIC) ; Tafi, Horco Molle 2–9.X.1969, 9.II.1970, 4.IV.1970, C. Porter, 1♀, 2♂ ( IMLA) ; Tafi, Horco Molle , XII.1978, C. Porter, 2♀ ( CNCI) ; Villa Nougués , XII.1928, 1♀ ( AEIC) ; Villa Nogués , 23.XII.1965, 1.I.1966, 3–17.I.1966, 3–17.I.1966, H. & M. Townes, 7♀, 2♂ ( AEIC) ; Villa P. Monti, 1.II.1948, R. Golbach, 1♀ ( IMLA) ; BOLIVIA: Beni: 40 km E San Borja, Estacion Biologica Beni, Palm Camp at Rio Curiraba , 6–15.IX.1987, R. J. McGinley, 1♂ ( USNM) ; Cochabamba: Villa Tunari , 16º54'55''S 65º22'06''W, 1♀ ( CNCI) ; La Paz: Alto Beni, S. Inicua, 1100 m, 15–18.I.1976, L.E. Peña, 2♂ ( AEIC) ; Santa Cruz: Estac. Experimental General Saavedra , 9.VII.1972, C. Porter & L.A. Stange, 3♂ ( IMLA) ; Rio Mamore, 2 km N mouth of Rio Chapare , 20–31.VII.1965, J.K. Bouseman, 1♀ ( AMNH) ; BRA- ZIL: Distrito Federal: Brasília, Res. Ecol. IBGE, BR 251 , km 0, 22–26.XII.1978, 1♀, 1♂ ( DIVE) ; Espírito Santo: Domingos Martins, Mata Pico do Eldorado, 20 o 22’17”S 40 o 30’29”W, Malaise , 03–10.XII.2004, M. T. Tavares & equipe, 1♀ ( MZSP) ; Goiás: Goiás Velho , 4.VII.1981, 1♂ ( DIVE) ; Maranhão: Imperatriz, Ribeirãozinho, Malaise , 5–10.VIII.1989, F.F. Ramos, 1♀ ( MPEG) ; Minas Gerais: Barbacena , 14–16.I.1962, M. Alvarenga, 1♀ ( DZUP) ; São Gonçalo Rio Abaixo, Est. Amb. Peti Cemig , 18–25.X.2002, A.F. Kumagai, 1♀ ( MZSP) ; Mato Grosso: Corumbá, Serra do Urucum , 25.XI.1960, K. Lenko, 1♂ ( MZSP) ; Cáceres , XI.1984, M. Alvarenga, 6♀ ( AEIC) ; Chapada dos Guimarães , 800 m, VII.1983, M. Alvarenga, 1♀ ( AEIC) ; Sinop , 12º31'S 55º37'W, X.1974, M. Alvarenga, 1♀, 14♂ ( AEIC) ; 12 o 50'S 51 o 47'W, 10.X.1968, O.W. Richards, 1♂ ( BMNH) ; Pará: Belém, Mocambo , 9.XI.1991, 1♀ ( MPEG) ; Óbidos, Ramal do Benedito, Prox. Lagoa Curumu , 01º49'22''S 55º07'01''W, 29–31.VIII.2001, J.A. Rafael & J. Vidal, 1♀ ( INPA) ; Serra Norte, Est. da Serraria, Malaise , 10–15.IX.1983, F.F. Ramos, 1♀ ( MPEG) ; Paraná: unspecified locality, 03.XII.2003, A. Menezes Jr., 1♀ ( UEL) ; 8 km NW Antonina, Rio Catitu , PR 405, 15. VI.2001, G.A. R. Melo, 1♀ ( DZUP) ; Caviúna , XII.1945, IX.1947, A. Maller, 3♀, 1♂ ( AMNH) ; Jundiaí do Sul, Fazenda Monte Verde , 11.VIII.1986, 18.VIII.1986, 13.X.1986, 3♀ ( DZUP) ; Morretes, Malaise , 29.X–5.XI.1984, 04–11.III.1985, 2♀ ( DZUP) ; Morretes, Alto da Serra , 6.II.1966, H. & M. Townes, 1♀ ( AEIC) ; Pedra do Indaiá , 1.II.2004, A. Menezes Jr., 1♀, 1♂ ( UEL) ; Ponta Grossa, Vila Velha, Reserva IAPAR, Malaise , 01.IX.1986, 15.IX.1986, 06.X.1986, 20.X.1986, 2.XI.1987, 1.XII.1987, 4.I.1988, 11.I.1988, 4.IV.1988, 18.IV.1988, Lev. Ent. Profaupar, 7♀, 6♂ ( DZUP) ; Porto Cabral , 1–25.IV.1944, Exp.Dep.Zool., 1♂ ( DZUP) ; Telêmaco Borba, Reserva Samuel Klabin, Malaise , 18.VIII.1986, 15.IX.1986, 15.XII.1986, 22.XII.1986, 29.XII.1986, 02.II.1987, 02.III.1987, 09.III.1987, 09.III.1987, 13.IV.1987, 27.IV.1987, 01.VIII.1987, 17.VIII.1987, 31.VIII.1987, 21.IX.1987, 5.X.1987, 12.X.1987, 19.X.1987, 2.XI.1987, 21.XI.1987, 14.XII.1987, 28.XII.1987, Lev. Ent. Profaupar, 12♀, 26♂ ( DZUP) ; Rio de Janeiro: Estrada Rio - São Paulo , km 47, 15.XI.1948, J.F. Zikán, 1♀ ( MNRJ) ; Itatiaia , I.1974, F. Lane, 1♀ ( MZSP) ; Itatiaia , 700 m, 1.IV.1941, J.F. Zikán, 1♀, 1♂ ( FIOC) ; Rio Grande do Sul: Tenente Portela, Parguedo Turvo , 02–05.XII.1985, J.Q. Cure, 1♀ ( DZUP) ; Santa Catarina: Nova Teutônia , 22.III.1936, 24.III.1936, 25.III.1936, 25.II.1937, 26.II.1937, 7.IV.1937, VI.1937, 3.II.1938, 14.II.1938, 12.IX.1938, 8.XI.1938, 24.XI.1938, 12.XII.1938, 24.I.1939, 3.II.1939, 4.II.1939, 9.II.1939, F. Plaumann, 16♀, 3♂ ( BMNH) ; Nova Teutônia , 21.III.1941, 24.III.1941, 1.VIII.1941, 18.III.1948, 25.IV.1948, 29.IV.1948, 12.III.1951, 23.III.1951, 27.III.1951, 25.III.1952, 13.IV.1952, 21.IV.1952, 3.V.1952, 26.IX.1952, 10.X.1952, 22.X.1952, 3.XII.1952, 27.XII.1952, 17.I.1956, IV.1968, VI.1970, X.1970, F. Plaumann, 13♀, 12♂ ( AEIC) ; Nova Teutônia , 1.IX.1948, 12.III.1951, 14.I.1960, 23.III.1960, 5.IV.1960, 13.IV.1960, 23.IV.1960, 1.II.1961, 1.VI.1961, 1962, V.1966, XI.1968, F. Plaumann, 10♀, 7♂ ( CNCI) ; Nova Teutônia , III.1977, X.1977, F. Plaumann, 4♀ ( DZUP) ; São Paulo: Araçatuba , X.1961, J. Lane & Rabello, 15♂ ( MZSP) ; Barueri , 25.VIII.1955, K. Lenko, 1♀ ( MNRJ) ; Cajuru, Faz. Rio Grande, 21º12'S 47º09'W, Malaise branca, 18.XII.1999 – 10.I.2000, G.A. R. Melo & Nascimento, 3♀ ( DZUP) ; Campinas, Bairro Cidade Universitária, Malaise , 29.IX–13.X.1986, A. Ruszczyk, 2♀ ( DZUP) ; Campinas, Bosque dos Jequitibás, Malaise , 15.VII–01.VIII.1986; 16–29.IX.1986, 13–28.X.1986 0– 24.XI.1986, 24.XI– 11.XII.1986, 05–19.I.1987, A. Ruszczyk, 7♀, 4♂ ( DZUP) ; Campinas, Reserva Municipal de Santa Genebra, Malaise , 1–15.XI.1990, 21.III–07.IV.1991, A. Ruszczyk, 2♀, 1♂ ( DZUP) ; Esperança do Sul, 28.IV.1968, K. Lenko, 1♀ ( MZSP) ; Ribeirão Preto , EERP-MST, 21 o 13’33”S 47 o 51’21”, 02.II.2009, G. Biffi & E.A. Nascimento, 1♂ ( MZSP); Rio Claro, FEENA, Malaise, 10.IX–01.X.2005, J. T. Dias, 1♀ ( MZSP); Salesópolis, Est. Biológica de Boracéia, 23º39'0,1"S 45º53'51,0", Malaise, 18–28.IV.2003, A. P. Aguiar & F. M. Rodrigues, 2♀ ( MZSP) ; Salesópolis, Est. Biológica de Boracéia, 23 o 38’17”S 45 o 51’13”W, Malaise , 30.iii–13.iv.2008, Nihei, Figueiredo & Andrade, 1♀ ( MZSP) ; São José do Barreiro, Serra da Bocaina, 1650 m, XI.1968, M. Alvarenga & Seabra, 2♀, 1♂ ( AEIC) ; Teodoro Sampaio , XI.1977, M. Alvarenga, 3♀, 19♂ ( AEIC) ; Teodoro Sampaio , XI.1985, F.M. Oliveira, 3♀, 8♂ ( AEIC) ; Ubatuba, P. Est. Serra do Mar, N. Picinguaba , 23º17'56.4"S 44º47'49.2"W, 600 m, 24.I.2002, N.W. Perioto, 1♀ ( MZSP) ; Ubatuba, P. Est. Serra do Mar, N. Picinguaba, 23º17'56.4"S 44º47'49.2"W, 600 m, Malaise , 20– 23.I.2006, E.F. Santos & C.P. Scott-Santos, 2♀ ( MZSP) ; COLOMBIA: Magdalena: PNN Tayrona Cañaveral , 11 o 20`N 74 o 2`W, 30 m, 15.XII.2000 – 2.I.2001, 30.VIII. 19.IX.2000, R. Henriquez, 2♀ ( IAVH) ; Valle del Cauca: 15 km NW Cali, Rio Cauca com Rio Amaíme , 5.IX.1975, L.A. Stange, 1♀ ( IMLA) ; COSTA RICA: Alajuela: 5 km W San Ramón , 1200 m, VII.1997, O. Castro & P. Hanson, 1♀ ( MUCR) ; Est. Biol. San Ramón , 900 m, IV– V.2000, P. Hanson, 2♀ ( MUCR) ; P.N. Arenal, San Carlos, La Fortuna, Cmno a Estacíon , 600 m, 27. VI.2001, G. Garballo, 1♀ ( INBC) ; P.N. Arenal, San Carlos, La Fortuna, Send. Mena, 600 m, 16.VII.2001, G. Garballo, 1♂ ( INBC) ; Pena Blanca , 700 m, 7.VII.1987, E. Cruz, 1♀ ( AEIC) ; R. B. San Ramón, 800 m, Malaise , IV.1997, G. Garballo, 1♀ ( INBC) ; San Ramón , Res. Biol. A. Brenes, 900 m, V.2000, P. Hanson, 1♀ ( MUCR) ; Cartago: Dulce Nombre, Veveiro Linda Vista , 1300 m, VIII–X.1993, P. Hanson, 1♀ ( MUCR) ; Quebrada Segunda, P.N. Tapanti , 1150 m, V.1994, G. Mora , 1♀ ( INBC) ; Quebrada Segunda, P.N. Tapanti , 1250 m, X.1992, G. Mora , 1♀ ( INBC) ; Turrialba, Tayutic, P.N. Barbilla, Sector el Jardin , 1400 m, 9. VI.2002, E. Leon, 1♀ ( INBC) ; Guanacaste: 6 km NE Queb. Grande de Libéria , 700 m, II.1992, III curso Parataxon, 1♂ ( INBC) ; Est. Los Almendors , 300 m, 6–20.I.1995, E.E. Lopez, 1♂ ( INBC) ; Est. Cacao, lado NW del Volcan Cação, 1000–1400 m, Malaise , III–VIII.1990, 2♀ ( INBC) ; Est. Cacao, lado noroeste del Volcan Cação, 1000–1400 m, Malaise , IX.1989, R. Blanco & C. Chaves, 1♀ ( INBC) ; Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Cecília, P. N. Guanacaste, 700 m, Malaise , 19. V –3. VI.1993, C. Moraga, 1♀ ( INBC) ; Est. Pitilla, P.N. Guanacaste , 680 m, XI.1988, I. Gauld & Mitchell, 1♀ ( MUCR) ; Est. Pitilla, Sta Cecília, 700 m, Malaise , 1– 15.VII.1992, P. Rios, 1♀ ( INBC) ; P.N. Santa Rosa, 50 m, I. Gauld, 1♀ ( MUCR) ; P.N. Santa Rosa, Hacienda 4–C, 1♀ ( MUCR) ; Santa Rosa Park, Riparian , 17. V.1976, D.H. Janzen, 1♂ ( AEIC) ; Heredia: Est. El Ceibo, P.N.Bráulio Carrillo, 400–600 m, II.1990, C. Chaves, 1♂ ( INBC) ; La Selva, OEC, Pto. Viejo , 100 m, IV.1991, P. Hanson & C. Godoy, 1♀ ( MUCR) ; Limón: Valle de la Estrela, R. B. Hitory Cerere, Sendero Bobócara, 300 m, 18–30.XI.2000, F. Umana, 1♀ ( INBC) ; Puntarenas: Fca. Cafrosa, Send. al Progresso , 1.5 km NE de Progresso, Rede de Golpe , 11.IX.1997, A. Picado, 1♀ ( INBC) ; San Vito, Estac. Biol. Las Alturas, 1500 m, I.1992, II.1992, III.1992, P. Hanson & C. Godoy, 3♀ ( MUCR) ; San José: Escazú , 20. V.1987, H. & M. Townes, 1♂ ( AEIC) ; San José, 3.X.1927, H. Schmidt, 1♀ ( DEIC) ; San José, Bosquecito , UCR, 15.X.1983, 1♀ ( MNCR) ; Zurquí de Moravia , 1600 m, II.1995, VI.1995, VIII.1995, P. Hanson, 3♀ ( MUCR) ; ECUADOR: Azuay: Banos , 1900 m, 8.V.1937, 7.VI.1937, W. Clarke & MacIntryre, 1♀, 1♂ ( AEIC) ; Manabí: Garrapata, W Sto. Domingo, 28.VII.1970, L.E. Peña, 1♂ ( AEIC) ; Napo: Res. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S Onkone Gare Camp., Camp.Trans.Ent., 00 o 39´10"S 076 o 26`W, 220 m, Insectidal fogging, 6.X.1994, T. L. Erwin, 1♀ ( USNM) ; Tena: Libertad , 10–13. V.1963, L.E. Peña, 1♀ ( CNCI) ; MEX- ICO: unspecified locality, 1♀ ( ANSP) ; unspecified locality, 1867, O. Sichl., 2♀, 1♂ ( MNHN) ; Chiapas: Palenque , 100 m, 2–23.VII.1983, S. & J. Peck, 1♂ ( AEIC) ; Oaxaca: 6 mi S Valle Nacional , 18. V.1971, H. Howden, 1♀ ( AEIC) ; Veracruz: Cordoba, Crawford , 2♀, 2♂ ( USNM) ; S. Lucrecia, Crawford, 1♂ ( USNM) ; PANAMA: Darién: P.N. Darién, Pirre Est. Rancho Frio, 80 m, Malaise , 21.III–04.IV.2000, 16.IX.2000 – 17.I.2001, R. Cambra, A. Santos & Bermudez, 2♀ ( GBFM) ; Veraguas: P.N. Coíba, Isla Coíba, Cerrola Torre, 270 m, Malaise , 7– 13.III.1998, R. Cambra & A. Santos, 1♀ ( GBFM) ; PARAGUAY: Sommerfield , IV.1960, Andrade, 1♀ ( IMLA) ; Cordillera: Colonia Pirareta , 23.XII.1971, 24.XII.1971, L.E. Peña, 2♂ ( AEIC) ; Itapúa: Pirapó , 29.XII.1971, L.E. Peña, 1♀, 2♂ ( AEIC) ; PERU: Cusco: Machu Piccho , 28.XI.1965, H. & M. Townes, 1♀ ( AEIC) ; Santa Isabel, River Ceosnipata, Rain Forest , 7.XII.1951, Woytkowski, 1♀ ( AEIC) ; Quincemil , IX.1972, L.E. Peña, 1♀, 1♂ ( AEIC) ; La Liberdad: Samne , 40 km NE Trujillo, 7 o 9'S 78 o 41'W, 1500 m, 12–17.VII.1975, C. Porter & L.A. Stange, 1♀ ( IMLA) ; Loreto: Avispas, nr. Marcapata , IX.1972, L.E. Peña, 1♀ ( AEIC) ; Pucallpa , 17.IV.1962, J.M. Schunke, 1♀ ( BMNH) ; SURINAME: 45 km S Paramaribo , 24–26.IX.1963, D.C. Geijskes, 1♀ ( AEIC) ; TRINI- DAD AND TOBAGO: 8 km N Arima, Simla Res. Sta. , 240 m tropical for., 6–10. VI.1993, S. & J. Peck, 1♀, 1♂ ( CNCI) ; Balandra Bay , 12–15.VIII.1969, F. Bennett, 1♂ ( CNCI) ; Maracas, Valley above Loango , 600 m, montane rainforest, 9–22. VI.1993, S. & J. Peck, 1♀, 3♂ ( CNCI) ; Morne Bleu , 4.VIII.1969, H. & A. Howden, 2♀ ( CNCI) ; Morne Bleu , 7–28.VIII.1969, H. & A. Howden, 10♀, 5♂ ( AEIC) ; St. George, St. Augustine , VIII.1976, F.D. Bennett, 3♀ ( BMNH) ; Verdant Vale , 28–30.X.1918, Urich & Morrison, 1♀ ( USNM) ; VENEZUELA: Aragua: El Límon, 480 m, 16–22.IV.1973, C.J. Rosales, 1♂ ( MIZA) ; Rancho Grande N.P., 1100 m, cloud for., Maxinet 18.VIII–3.IX.1992, L. Masner, 1♀ ( CNCI) ; Rancho Grande , 1100 m, 25.VIII.1955, 1♀ ( MIZA) ; Rancho Grande , 1100 m, 22. VI.1972, A. Montagne, 1♀ ( MIZA) ; Rancho Grande, La Toma, 1100 m, Maxinet 23. VI.1994, J. L. García & A. Chacon, 1♀ ( MIZA) ; Tiara, 1200 m, Malaise , 13–20. V.1996, A. Chacón, 1♂ ( MIZA) ; Villa de Cura, Est. Exp. Cataurito , 18.III.1981, J.L. García, 1♀ ( MIZA) ; Barinas: Barinas , I.1943, P. Anduza, 1♂ ( AEIC) ; Cojedes: El Pao. Higuerotal , 9 o 49'27"N 68 o 2'50"W, 376 m, 10–17. V.1995, A. Alemán, 1♀, 3♂ ( MIZA) ; Táchira: Pregonero, Camp. Siberia, Hospital , 1280 m, Malaise , 10–31.VII.1989, S. & J. Peck, 1♀ ( AEIC) .

Comments. The holotype female of Gasteruption fiebrigi was not found, and presumably was lost with part of Schrottky’s collection ( De Santis 1996; Rasmussen et al. 2009). The locality data cited by Schrottky (1907) in the description is PARAGUAY: Cordillera: San Bernardino, K. Fiebrig (the same as G. strandi Kieffer ). Several specimens identified by H.K. Townes and C.B. de Fernandez as G. fiebrigi are identical to the paratype of G. bispinosum .

Gasteruption bihamatum was incorrectly included by Kieffer (1912) and Pasteels (1958a) with the Palearctic fauna, whereas the label data shows that the syntype is from “Fleuve des Amazones ”.

Figures

FIGURE 1. a: Gasteruption bispinosum, habitus (scale bar: 1.0 mm); b: G. rafaeli, left fore wing (scale bar: 1.0 mm); c–m: Discal cell of left fore wing (without scale); c–e: G. bispinosum; f: G. hansoni; g–h: G. huberi (female and male); i–m: G. parvum.

FIGURE 4. Gasteruption bertae. a: head in dorsal view; b: head in lateral view; c: mesonotum in dorsal view; d: mesosoma in lateral view; e. habitus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 5. Gasteruption bispinosum. a: head in dorsal view; b: head in lateral view; c: mesonotum in dorsal view; d: mesosoma in lateral view; e. habitus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 27. Propodeum and metacoxa in dorsal view. a: Gasteruption bertae; b: G. bispinosum; c: G. helenae; d: G. huberi; e: G: kaweahense; f: G. oliveirai; g: G. rafaeli; h: G. visaliae. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.