Euphorbia verrucosa L.,

Caković, Danka, Cresti, Leonardo, Stešević, Danijela, Schönswetter, Peter & Frajman, Božo, 2021, High genetic and morphological diversification of the Euphorbia verrucosa alliance (Euphorbiaceae) in the Balkan and Iberian peninsulas, TAXON 70 (2), pp. 286-307 : 303-304

Euphorbia verrucosa L., Sp. Pl.: 459. 1753

≡ Tithymalus verrucosus (L.) Hill, Hort. Kew.: 172.3. 1768 ≡ Galarhoeus verrucosus (L.) Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 148. 1812 ≡ E. epithymoides var. verrucosa (L.) Fiori in Fiori & Béguinot, Fl. Italia 2: 278. 1901 ≡ E. flavicoma subsp. verrucosa (L.) Pignatti in Giorn. Bot. Ital. 107: 219. 1973 –

Lectotype (designated by Geltman in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 40: 121. 2008): “ Tithymalus Myrsinites , fructu verrucae simili Bauh. Ingolstadii, Florentiae”, Herb. Burser XVI(2): 38 (UPS No. V-174911! ).

= Euphorbia verrucosa var. montana Gaudin, Fl. Helv. 3: 284. 1828 – Localities cited in the protologue: “In M. Iurae pascuis, fere ubique: in M. Thoiry, Dolaz, Montendre, prope St. Cergues etc.”

= Euphorbia brittingeri Opiz ex Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 757. 1832 ≡ Galarrhoeus brittingeri (Opiz ex Rchb.) Gand., Fl. Eur. 20: 85. 1890 ≡ Tithymalus brittingeri (Opiz ex Rchb.) Holub in Preslia 42: 94. 1970 ≡ E. flavicoma subsp. brittingeri (Opiz ex Rchb.) O.Bolòs & Vigo in Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 38: 85. 1974 ≡ Tithymalus flavicomus subsp. brittingeri (Opiz ex Rchb.) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 148: 79. 1979 (“1980”) – Lectotype (designated by Cresti & al. in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 189: 274. 2019): [ Austria], “ Linz ”, May, 48?? (W No. 0077684! ).

= Euphorbia verrucosa var. velutina Boiss. in Candolle, Prodr. 15: 129. 1862 ≡ E. flavicoma var. velutina (Boiss.) Breistr. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 128: 69. 1981 – Localities cited in the protologue: “In littore Genuensi (DC!) et prope Sasrzana (Bertol.!)”.

= Euphorbia ericetorum Zumagl., Fl. Pedem. 2: 163. 1864 ≡ Galarrhoeus ericetorum (Zumagl.) Gand., Fl. Eur. 20: 85. 1890 ≡ Tithymalus ericetorum (Zumagl.) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 149: 210. 1980 (“1981”).

= Euphorbia flavicoma [unranked] costeana Rouy, Fl. France 12: 149. 1910 ≡ E. costeana (Rouy) P.Fournier, Quatre Fl. France: 270. 1936 ≡ E. flavicoma subsp. costeana (Rouy) Greuter & Burdet in Willdenowia 11: 278. 1981 – Lectotype (designated here): [ France: H. Coste – Plantes de France] “ Euphorbia flavicoma DC. var. depauperata Coste /Aveyron: Firmy, serpentines du Puy-deWolf. 450 m. ”, 24 Apr 1907, H. Coste s.n. (LY barcode LY0001737! ). [Image of lectotype: https://explore.recolnat. org/occurrence/ F93DA16E775C414B96DA8C9B8D 654E8C]

= Euphorbia verrucosa var. viridis Erdner in Ber. Naturwiss. Vereins Schwaben 39–40: 569. 1911.

Description. – Glabrous or sometimes pubescent perennial, (6.5)20–41.5(49) tall, with usually several stems (6.1)17.9–39.0 (42.5) cm high and (1) 1.5–3 mm thick, arising from a woody stock. Middle stem leaves oblong-elliptic, (6.6)14.4–32.4 (39.2) × (3.1)5.8–10.3(13) mm, (1.9)2.1–4.0(4.5) times longer than wide, widest at (0.3)0.4–0.6 of the length, with an attenuate to rounded basis and an acute, rarely obtuse apex with the tip angle (46)55–108(120) Ǫ. Leaf margin serrulate with 0–19 (27) teeth along a 5 mm section just below the tip; the teeth 0.04–0.1(0.6) mm long and up to 0.21(0.32) mm wide at the basis. Leaves glabrous or hairy, with 0–32(63) hairs per mm 2 at the upper surface of the distal half of the leaf. Terminal rays five or rarely three, four or six, (4)7.1–36.5(59) mm long, 1–2 times dichotomous, (0.2)0.5–2.5(3.2) times longer than ray leaves. Ray leaves elliptic to ovate, (7.1)11.6–21.4(31.8) × (3.9) 6.7–11.4(12.5) mm, (1.3)1.5–2.5(3) times longer than wide, widest at (0.3)0.4–0.6(0.7) of the length with an attenuate to rounded basis and a broadly acute, rarely obtuse apex with the tip angle (46)62–118(140) Ǫ. Raylet leaves orbicular-ovate to broadly ovate, (3.7)7.2–14(19.6) × (2.7)4.5–9.5(13) mm, (1.1) 1.3–1.8(2) times longer than wide, widest at (0.2)0.4–0.6(0.7) of the length, with rounded basis and broadly acute to obtuse apex with the tip angle (72)100–160(200) Ǫ. Cyathial involucre campanulate, (1.0)1.4–2.6(3.3) × (1.0)1.2–2.0(2.9) mm, (0.6) 0.9–1.6(1.8) times longer than wide, with transversely elliptic glands (0.3)0.4–0.7(1.0) × (0.6) 1.2–1.4 mm, (0.3)0.4–0.7(0.8) times longer than wide. Capsule subglobose, shallowly trilobate, (1.1)1.5–3.0(3.7) × (1.0)1.7–3.5(4.2) mm, (0.7)0.8–1(1.1) times longer than wide, widest at 0.3–0.6(0.7) of the length, with warts 0.2–0.6(0.8) × 0.1–0.3(0.5) mm, (0.8)1.1–3.1(4.8) times longer than wide, widest at 0–0.7(0.8) of the length. Styles (0)0.2–0.7 (0.9) mm long. Seeds ovoid-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, smooth, greyish, rarely brownish, (1.4)1.6–2.0(2.7) × (0.8)1.5–1.9(2.0) mm, (0.4) 0.9–1.2(1.4) times longer than wide, widest at (0.3)0.4–0.5 (0.6) of the length. Caruncle kidney-shaped or semi-hemispherical, (0.3)0.4–0.5(0.7) × (0.5)0.6–1.0(1.1) mm, (0.4)0.5–0.8(0.9) times longer than wide and widest at 0–0.5(0.7) of the length. 2 n = 14.

Distribution. – Western, central and south-eastern Europe (north-eastern Spain, France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Hungary, northern Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina).

Habitat. – Mesic grasslands and forest margins from lowlands to 1700 m.