Chalcophorella, Kerremans, 1903

Frank, David, 2020, Revision of the subgenus Stigmatophorella of Chalcophorella (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Chrysochroinae), Zootaxa 4895 (4), pp. 451-482 : 452-455

Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella Tôyama, 1986)

Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) [nomen nudum]: Obenberger, 1942: 6 (invalid description without designation of type species according to Article 13.3, ICZN, 1999), 4–9 (key to subgenera, key to species); Bellamy (1985): 415 (catalogue).

Stigmatophorella Tôyama, 1986: 192 (original description); Volkovitsh (2001): 65, 66, 82 (noted); Bellamy (2003): 37 (catalogue); Tozlu & Özbek (2000): 53 (noted).

Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) : Hołyński (1993): 21 (noted); Kubáň (2006): 345 (catalogue); Sakalian (2007): 11 (noted); Bellamy (2008): 550 (catalogue); Hołyński (2009): 262 (noted); Ali (2010): 18 (noted); Kubáň (2016): 460 (catalogue).

Type species. Buprestis quadrioculata Redtenbacher, 1843 [sic!, correct name is Chalcophora quadrioculata Kollar, 1843 , for more information see ‘Remarks’] (by original designation).

Differential diagnosis. The subgenus Stigmatophorella can be easily recognized by two oval elytral principal reliefs ( Fig. 1e ) on each elytron situated at basal third, while other subgenera of Chalcophorella do not have these reliefs. Moreover combination of black and gray body colouration with pale tomentum does not occure in other subgenera of Chalcophorella .

Redescription. Body large (20)23–32(35.5) mm long, black and gray (or grey-brown), often with metallic reflections, oval, widest at about middle of elytra and approximately at posterior third strongly tapering apically.

Head slightly narrower than anterior margin of pronotum, black with some mouth parts brown. Antennae black or brown, serrate from antennomere IV. Scape (antennomere I) and pedicel (antennomere II) sparsely but coarsely punctate and pubescent; radicula (base of scape) black or brown. Antennomeres III–XI smooth with densely punctate dilated parts. All antennomeres elongate, longer than wide. Antennomere III ca. 2× longer than II, antennomeres gradually shorter from III to XI. Mandibles black, coarsely and deeply punctate with smooth cutting edge. Labrum brown or brown-black, slightly wider than long with deep emargination, densely pubescent. Maxillae and labium brown. Palpi maxillaries and palpi labiales brown, very densely pubescent. Eyes large, covering approximately lateral 1/4 of head. Frons approximately 1.5–2.2× as wide as diameter of eye, impressed with medial sulcus; coarsely and densely punctate along lower margin and lateral sides, central part sparsely and coarsely punctate. Vertex and area around eyes sparsely and finely punctate. Genae distinct, densely and coarsely punctate. Entire head with short to moderately long pubescence.

Pronotum narrowing anteriad with rounded sides, approximately 1.3–1.5× as wide as long. Anterior angles moderately protruding anteriad, obtuse, anterior margin arcuate with moderately protruding lobe, and densely pubescent. Basal corners angulate, basal margin bisinuate. Lateral pronotal carina smooth and impunctate, fading before anterior corners. Disc of pronotum weakly convex with or without pronotal principal reliefs ( Fig. 1a ) and pronotal minor reliefs ( Fig. 1b ). There is black and smooth pronotal discal relief ( Fig. 1c ) on the disc of pronotum which is joined with pronotal basal relief ( Fig. 1d ). Pronotal discal relief is shiny with macropunctation, sides of pronotum coarsely punctate to furrowed (exceptionally only densely punctate) with pale tomentum.

Scutellum black and smooth, small or invisible.

Elytra weakly convex, in lateral view sinuate with postscutellar area slightly humped, apex somewhat bent upwards. Elytra at base as wide as base of pronotum or slightly wider with several irregular shallow impressions or several elytral minor reliefs ( Fig. 1f ). Basal and lateral margin smooth, and not thickened. Lateral margins arcuate below humeral calli and smooth or slightly serrate at apical third. Basal third grey with two elytral principal reliefs ( Fig. 1e ) on each elytron and with several or without elytral minor reliefs. Humeral calli moderately convex and irregularly punctate, sometimes covered by elytral reliefs. Middle and apical third black with micropunctation arranged in more or less distinct lines, grey elytral impressions ( Fig. 1h ) and elytral ornaments ( Fig. 1g ) at apical third. Short and recumbent pubescence on grey area at basal third of elytra, elytral ornaments and elytral impressions; black areas of elytra without pubescence. Epipleura horizontal, sparsely punctate.

Ventral side completely black. Hypomeron sparsely, irregularly and coarsely punctate. Prosternum distinctly shinier than hypomeron, irregularly punctate and sparsely pubescent in punctation, anterior margin densely pubescent. Prosternal process subparallel-sided, approximately 1.5–1.8× as long as wide, sparsely punctate, punctures smaller than punctures on prosternum, apex and sides smooth, polished and nearly impunctate. Mesepimeron densely, meso- and metanepisternum sparsely, coarsely punctate. Abdominal ventrites centrally sparsely punctate, laterally densely punctate sometimes with grey impressions. Middle part often impunctate, punctures and impressions with short and recumbent pubescence.

Legs black, moderately densely and coarsely punctate and pubescent. Tibia with two apical ventral spurs, without carinae. Tarsal claws divergent and simple.

Sexual dimorphism distinct in formation of abdominal ventrite V. Males with deep and acute notch, females with shallow notch. Males on average slimmer and smaller than females.

Aedeagus 3.66–4.69× as long as wide. Parameres widely separated by deep cleft reaching beyond mid-length; apices sparsely pubescent, obliquely rounded, exceptionally truncate. Penis from elongate and subparallel-sided to more or less oval and laterally arcuate; apex acuminate.

Distribution. From West Asian Turkey (data from Europe are incorrect (for more information see ‘Remarks’ of C. (S.) quadrioculata )) to South Armenia in the north, through Syria and Iraq to Iran in the south, to Afghanistan and Pakistan in the east ( Figs 49, 50 ).

Kerremans into several genera and subgenera. He established new genera Afrophorella and Nipponobuprestis and new subgenera of Chalcophorella namely Stigmatophorella and Rossiella. Although he designated type species of Chalcophorella (s. str.), he did not designate type species of any other taxon. Because this paper was published after 1930, these genus-group names Nipponobuprestis and Stigmatophorella were unavailable, according to the Article 13.3 ( ICZN, 1999). Afrophorella and Rossiella had the type species fixed by monotypy, according to the Article 68.3 ( ICZN, 1999).

Tôyama (1986) established Stigmatophorella sensu Obenberger as a genus and designated ‘ Buprestis quadrioculata Redtenbacher, 1843 ’ as the type species of this genus (he also designated ‘ Chalcophora amabilis Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1864 ’ as the type species of the genus Nipponobuprestis ). This species is not described as Buprestis but as Chalcophora and Redtenbacher is not the author of the description but Kollar (Kollar in Redtenbacher, 1843) (see also ‘Remarks’ of C. (S.) quadrioculata ).

Distribution of particular species ( Figs 49, 50 ) overlap each other on the borders of their distribution areas and the species can cohabit in the same locality (e.g. C. (S.) quadrioculata and C. (S.) bagdadensis wandalii — Iraq, Koya; C. (S.) escalerae and C. (S.) bagdadensis wandalii — Iran, Sanandaj; C. (S.) escalerae and C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata — Iran, 42 km NE of Dezful, Azanak) except C. (S.) orientalis which lives separate on the eastern border of the distribution of Stigmatophorella (for more information see ‘Distribution’ and ‘Biology’ of particular taxa).

Figures

FIGURES 1–4. 1– Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) specific terms of dorsal morphology (C. (S.) bagdadensis wandalii subsp. nov. (holotype)): a—pronotal principal reliefs; b—pronotal minor reliefs; c—pronotal discal relief; d—pronotal basal relief; e—elytral principal reliefs; f—elytral minor reliefs; g—elytral ornament; h—elytral impressions. 2—C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis (Laporte de Castelnau & Gory, 1837) (lectotype) © MNHN. 3—C. (S.) bagdadensis amarensis Obenberger, 1942 (lectotype) = C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis. 4—C. (S.) bagdadensis aureoscripta Mandl & Pochon, 1957 (holotype) = C. (S.) bagdadensis bagdadensis. 1—dorsal view; 2–4—labels.Remarks. Obenberger (1942) divided Chalcophorella sensu

FIGURES 49–50. Maps of distribution. 49—map of distribution Chalcophorella (Stigmatophorella) bagdadensis bagdadensis (Laporte de Castelnau & Gory, 1837)—yellow, C. (S.) bagdadensis quadrimaculata (Redtenbacher, 1850)—green and C. (S.) bagdadensis wandalii subsp. nov.—red; 50—map of distribution C. (S.) escalerae (Abeille de Perrin, 1904)—green, C. (S.) orientalis Obenberger, 1924—yellow and C. (S.) quadrioculata (Kollar, 1843)—red.