Rubus

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1981, Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae, Cambridge University Press : 10

Subgen. Rubus . Stemsbiennial, woody. Leaves ternate, digitate or pedate, with 5-7 leaflets. Flowershermaphrodite. Fruit black or red, more or less coherent and adherent to the convex receptacle.