Lecythis chartacea, O. Berg, 1856

Huang, Ya-Yi, Mori, Scott A. & Kelly, Lawrence M., 2015, Toward a phylogenetic-based Generic Classification of Neotropical Lecythidaceae- I. Status of Bertholletia, Corythophora, Eschweilera and Lecythis, Phytotaxa 203 (2), pp. 85-121 : 102-104

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.203.2.1

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B0445E-FFC3-FFD3-FF19-68AE56138D1F

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

Lecythis chartacea
status

 

Lecythis chartacea View in CoL clade (76% BS; Figs. 2A View FIGURE 2 , 8 View FIGURE 8 )

This clade is distributed in Amazonian Venezuela, the Guianas, and in western to eastern Amazonian Brazil ( Huang, 2010). None of the morphological characters that were included in the analysis provide synapomorphies for this clade, and the only apparent morphological distinction for the clade is the more-or-less fusiform seeds with salient longitudinally oriented major veins and the areas between them with salient higher order veins ( Figs. 8F View FIGURE 8 ). These seeds differ from the smooth inter-venal areas of the seeds of the L. ollaria clade ( Fig. 9A–C View FIGURE 9 ), the dendritically arranged pattern and plane or impressed veins of the L. poiteaui clade ( Fig. 9M–P View FIGURE 9 ), and the hard seed coat of the Bertholletia excelsa clade ( Fig. 7G View FIGURE 7 ). Members of the L. chartacea clade possess an androecial hood with swept in appendages ( Figs. 8A, I, L View FIGURE 8 ) as do some of the species of the L. poiteaui ( Fig. 6D View FIGURE 6 ) and B. excelsa ( Fig. 7D View FIGURE 7 ) clades. The hood of the L. ollaria clade differs from these clades in its possession of a single coil ( Fig. 5A, G View FIGURE 5 ). In addition, zygomorphic-flowered species with these types of androecial hoods do not possess obvious vestigial stamen nectaries, like those of the Eschweilera integrifolia ( Figs. 11B, F View FIGURE 11 ) and E. parvifolia ( Figs 15B, H View FIGURE 15 ) clades and the outgroup genus Couratari . The presence of mucilage ducts in the ovary and/or the calyx lobes (character 17) is found in both the L. poiteaui ( Figs. 6E, H, L View FIGURE 6 ) and L. chartacea clades but they are more common in the former clade; relatively long, obliquely oriented or geniculate styles occur in the L. poiteaui ( Fig. 6G View FIGURE 6 ), B. excelsa ( Fig. 7B View FIGURE 7 ), and L. chartacea ( Figs. 8B, 8J View FIGURE 8 ) clades; indehiscent fruits are found in some of the species of the L. poiteaui , B. excelsa , and some of the species of the L. chartacea clades. Moreover, there are both dehiscent- and indehiscent-fruited species in the L. poiteaui and L. chartacea clades. In these clades, the fruits are of two types: they can be large with a relatively thin pericarp and fall to the ground without dehiscing (e.g., L. lurida and L. prancei Mori [1990b: 304] , Fig. 6I View FIGURE 6 ) or the fruits dehisce but do not release the seeds, which are so large that they do not fall from the fruit (e.g., L. ibiriba ( Miers 1874: 236) Smith et al. [2013: 447] , Fig. 6N View FIGURE 6 ). In the Lecythis poiteaui clade, regardless of fruit type (whether truly indehiscent or with seeds that remain stuck inside the fruit), the seeds are large, more-or-less round (i.e., not markedly longer than broad), have plane or slightly impressed, dendritic veins, and a vestigial ( Fig. 6P View FIGURE 6 ) aril or no sign of an aril ( Figs. 6J View FIGURE 6 , 9M–P View FIGURE 9 ).

Indehiscent fruits of the L. chartacea clade are possessed by the riverine species L. rorida (mistakenly treated as a synonym of L. chartacea by Mori, 1990b), which has fruits that usually drop into the water with the non-arillate seeds trapped inside, and the terra firme species L. gracieana S. A. Mori (in Mori & Lepsch-Cunha 1995: 47) and L. parvifructa S. A. Mori (1990b: 312) , which have relatively small, single-seeded fruits that fall to the ground at maturity without dehiscing. All of the remaining species sampled in the L. chartacea clade have dehiscent fruits and seeds with well-developed basal arils.

Lecythis brancoensis View in CoL is sister to all other species of the L. chartacea View in CoL clade ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 ), but was included in Lecythis View in CoL Section Poiteaui by Mori (1990b). It differs from other species of the L. chartacea View in CoL clade in the presence of anthers or antherodes (character 32) on the innermost appendages of the androecial hood and the absence of a closed androecium (character 33). It was placed in Lecythis sect. Poiteaui based on the hypothesis that L. brancoensis View in CoL is also bat-pollinated, which is supported by its unbranched terminal inflorescence and very large numbers of stamens, In addition, L. brancoensis View in CoL shares a papillate abaxial leaf surface with the bat-pollinated L. barnebyi View in CoL and L. poiteaui View in CoL . In Huang et al. (2011), L. brancoensis View in CoL was recovered as a clade with the two known bat-pollinated species of Lecythis sect. Poiteaui ; however, the current study does not support the relationship between the bat-pollinated species of the Lecythis poiteaui View in CoL clade ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 ) and the hypothetical bat-pollinated L. brancoensis View in CoL of the L. chartacea View in CoL clade.

Eschweilera congestiflora View in CoL and E. simiorum View in CoL were placed in Eschweilera Section Eschweilera by Mori & Prance (1990) but these two species possess features that are common for species of the L. chartacea View in CoL clade, e.g., a non-coiled ligule (character 26; Fig. 8C, I, L View FIGURE 8 ), curved inward appendages arising from the apex of the ligule (character 31), a 4- locular ovary (character 39), and seeds with a basal aril (characters 47, 48; Fig. 9L View FIGURE 9 ). Mori et al. (2007) pointed out that these two species were placed in the wrong genus as indicated by molecular data. In this study, these two species are embedded in the L. chartacea View in CoL clade, but new combinations will not be needed because they were originally described as L. congestiflora Benoist (1915: 177) View in CoL and L. simiorum Benoist (1915: 178) View in CoL ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 in Mori et al., 2007).

have more-or-less globose seeds, plane or impressed veins, and the overall dendritic venation pattern. Photos by S. A. Mori.

Kingdom

Plantae

Phylum

Tracheophyta

Class

Magnoliopsida

Order

Ericales

Family

Lecythidaceae

Genus

Lecythis

Loc

Lecythis chartacea

Huang, Ya-Yi, Mori, Scott A. & Kelly, Lawrence M. 2015
2015
Loc

Lecythis ibiriba

Smith et al. 2013
2013
Loc

Lecythis parvifructa

S. A. Mori 1990
1990
Loc

L. parvifructa

S. A. Mori 1990
1990
Loc

L. prancei

S. A. Mori 1990
1990
Loc

Lecythis brancoensis

S. A. Mori 1981
1981
Loc

L. brancoensis

S. A. Mori 1981
1981
Loc

L. brancoensis

S. A. Mori 1981
1981
Loc

L. barnebyi

S. A. Mori 1981
1981
Loc

L. brancoensis

S. A. Mori 1981
1981
Loc

L. brancoensis

S. A. Mori 1981
1981
Loc

L. brancoensis

S. A. Mori 1981
1981
Loc

L. barnebyi

S. A. Mori 1981
1981
Loc

L. lurida

S. A. Mori 1981
1981
Loc

Eschweilera congestiflora

Eyma 1932
1932
Loc

E. simiorum

Eyma 1932
1932
Loc

L. congestiflora

Benoist 1915: 177
1915
Loc

L. simiorum

Benoist 1915: 178
1915
Loc

simiorum

Benoist 1915
1915
Loc

Lecythis sect. Poiteaui

O. Berg 1858
1858
Loc

L. poiteaui

O. Berg 1858
1858
Loc

Lecythis sect. Poiteaui

O. Berg 1858
1858
Loc

Lecythis poiteaui

O. Berg 1858
1858
Loc

Lecythis poiteaui

O. Berg 1858
1858
Loc

Lecythis rorida

O. Berg 1858
1858
Loc

Lecythis poiteaui

O. Berg 1858
1858
Loc

L. chartacea

O. Berg 1856
1856
Loc

L. chartacea

O. Berg 1856
1856
Loc

L. chartacea

O. Berg 1856
1856
Loc

L. chartacea

O. Berg 1856
1856
Loc

L. chartacea

O. Berg 1856
1856
Loc

Lecythis chartacea

O. Berg 1856
1856
Loc

L. chartacea

O. Berg 1856
1856
Loc

L. chartacea

O. Berg 1856
1856
Loc

Lecythis chartacea

O. Berg 1856
1856
Loc

L. chartacea

O. Berg 1856
1856
Loc

Eschweilera

Mart. ex Candolle 1828
1828
Loc

Lecythis

Loefling 1758
1758
Loc

Lecythis ollaria

Linnaeus [1759: 1071
1071
Loc

Lecythis ollaria

Linnaeus [1759: 1071
1071
Loc

L. ollaria

Linnaeus [1759: 1071
1071
Loc

L. ollaria

Linnaeus [1759: 1071
1071
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