Tetragonula laeviceps ( Smith, 1857 )

Rasmussen, Claus, 2008, Catalog of the Indo-Malayan / Australasian stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini), Zootaxa 1935, pp. 1-80 : 42

Tetragonula laeviceps ( Smith, 1857)

Trigona laeviceps Smith 1857: 51 : Holotype (OUMNH). Moure (1961) indicated that the BMNH type specimen (17b.1184) came from Mt. Ophir, which was not the type locality and the specimen cannot be considered a true type. Baker (1993) located three specimens in OUMNH and labeled one as the holotype. Unfortunately that specimen is identic to fuscobalteata according to Baker (1993), but this issue will be resolved in a separate paper with C.D. Michener. Citations below for laeviceps are in a broad sense, as species limits are uncertain and may include both valdezi and testaceitarsis . These taxa have previously been proposed as junior synonymons of laeviceps , but are slightly larger (taxonomy); Type locality: SIN- GAPORE " Singapore " (worker); Smith 1858: (propolis, wax); Smith 1859: 135 (distribution); INDO- NESIA, Aru; INDIA (misidentification); SINGAPORE; Smith 1865: 93 (distribution); "NEW GUINEA "; Parish 1866: (common name (pwai-ngyet), illustration, nest, propolis); Smith 1871: 395 (distribution); SINGAPORE; Anderson 1890: 24 (citation); Dalla Torre 1896: 580 (citation (as leviceps! )); Bingham 1897: 560, 564 (distribution, key to species, taxonomy, uncertain identity (as praeterita )); MYANMAR, Rangoon; SRI LANKA, Trincomali; Bingham 1897: 560, 563 (distribution, key to species, nest (often build in crevices in the brickwork of the walls of houses), taxonomy); MYANMAR, Tenasserim; SINGAPORE; Friese 1898: 427 (key to species); Friese 1904: 140 (floral record, uncertain identity (as iridipennis )); INDONESIA, Java; Floral record: Canna flavescens ; Cockerell 1905: 220 (comparative notes, synonymy, uncertain identity (as canifrons )); AUSTRALIA, Adelaide River (misidentification); SRI LANKA (misidentification, *iridipennis group); Bingham 1905: 59 (citation, distribution, nest (house-post in village)); Brown 1906: 686 (distribution); PHILIPPINES; Schulz 1907: (nest, predator ( Oecophylla smaragdina : Formicidae : Hymenoptera )); Friese 1909("1908"): 354, 355 (distribution, uncertain identity (as praeterita )); INDONESIA, Irian Jaya, Etna Bai; Merauke; Friese 1909("1908"): 354, 356 (distribution); INDONESIA, Irian Jaya, Manikion; Wendesi; Friese 1909: 272, 275 (key to species, nest (in structural wood)); INDONESIA, Ost-Java; Sumatra; Schulz 1909: (nest (as canifrons in part)); Friese 1912: 94 (distribution); PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Sepik-Bivak; Ihering 1912: 3 (citation (as laevicops! )); Strand 1913a: 149-150 (see iridipennis ); Friese 1914a: 12-13 (distribution, floral record, uncertain identity (as iridipennis )); INDONESIA, Bandung; Batavia; Buitenzorg; Nongkodjadjar; Nusa Kambangan; Salatiga; Samarang; Floral record: Canna flavescens ; Friese 1915: 4 (distribution, uncertain identity (as praeterita )); INDONESIA, Irian Jaya / PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Etna Bai; Jasa; Merauke; Njao; Zoutbron; Cockerell 1918: 385 (comparative notes); Cockerell 1919c: 77, 79 (distribution, previous misidentifications); Cockerell 1919a: 121 (comparative note, uncertain identity (as iridipennis )); INDONESIA, Java; Cockerell 1922a: 279 (distribution); Cockerell 1922b: (comparative note); Cockerell 1923: 241 (key to species); INDONESIA, Aru; Cockerell 1925a: 492 (comparative note); Cockerell 1925b: (misidentification (was a Diptera )); Cockerell 1926b; Salt 1929: 460 (citation); Cockerell 1929c: 590, 592 (comparative note); Cockerell 1929e: 242, 243 (comparative note); Cockerell 1929d: 300 (comparative note); Cockerell 1930b: 150 (comparative note (previously as canifrons )); Schwarz 1932: 245, 246; Rayment 1932f: 106 (taxonomy); Friese 1933a: 46 (distribution, uncertain identity (as iridipennis )); INDONESIA, Meliau; Rayment 1935: 735, 739 (key to species, taxonomy); Schwarz 1937: 307, 308, 314, 315; Schwarz 1939a: 86, 88, 111, 112 (distribution, key to species, taxonomy (most of the specimens examined by Schwarz and identified as iridipennis are actually laeviceps , see iridipennis )); Floral record: Typha angustifolia ; Schwarz 1945: 141 (citation); Schwarz 1948: 23, 84, 141; Nogueira-Neto 1949: 121 (synonymy); Sakagami 1959: 120 (comparative note); Sakagami 1960: 146 (comparative note, distribu- tion, uncertain identity (as iridipennis )); CAMBODIA, Stung Treng; Moure 1961: 208 (morphology, systematic position); Michener 1961: 3, 10, 28-33, 35, 38, 39, 42 (nest, uncertain identity (as iridipennis )); PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Bisianumu, Sogeri Plateau; Bubia, vicinity of Lae; Kapagere, near Rigo; Koitakinumu Estate, Sogeri Plateau; Port Moresby; Michener 1965: 231 (citation); Baltazar 1966: 407 (distribution, uncertain identity (as iridipennis )); PHILIPPINES, Mindanao, Lanao, Zamboanga; Palawan; Yoshikawa et al. 1969: 168, 169, 173 (distribution, nest, uncertain identity (as iridipennis )); MALAYSIA, Fraser's Hill, Selagor-Pahang; Kuching; Bukit-Matajam, Prov. Wellesley; Zeuner & Manning 1976: 222, 223, 224 (synonymy); Wille 1977: 45 (synonymy); Sakagami 1978: 166-194, 196, 197, 198, 200-208*, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 226, 228, 229, 230, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 247, plate 5 (nest, taxonomy); LAOS; MALAYSIA; SINGAPORE; THAI- LAND; VIETNAM; Sakagami & Ito 1981: 368, 373 (morphology); Sakagami et al. 1983b: 2, 6, 8, 10, 13, 20 (nest); Sakagami et al. 1983a: (see minangkabau ); INDONESIA, Sumatera Barat at Lubuk; Sakagami et al. 1983d: (see minangkabau ); Sakagami et al. 1983c: (reproduction); Inoue et al. 1984b: (see minangkabau ); Sakagami & Yamane 1984: 37, 48; Inoue et al. 1984a: (see minangkabau ); Salmah et al. 1984: (see minangkabau ); Sakagami & Inoue 1985: 175, 176, 177, 180, 181, 182, 184, 186 (comparative note); Sakagami et al. 1985: (distribution, key to species); Utami 1986: (pollination, uncertain identity (as irridipenis! )); INDONESIA, West Java, Pandeglang; Floral record: Metroxylon sagu ; Sakagami & Khoo 1987: 208, 209, 210, 211, 212 (morphology); Sakagami & Inoue 1987: 611, 624 (comparative note); Starr & Sakagami 1987: 97 (citation); Salmah et al. 1987: 384 (synonymy); Uji 1987: (pollination, uncertain identity (as irridipenis! )); INDONESIA, E Kalimantan; Floral record: Nephelium lappaceum ; Camargo 1988: 372 (distribution, synonymy); MALAYSIA, Sandakan, Penang; Sakagami & Inoue 1989: 615 (comparative note); Roubik 1989: 181, 205; Sakagami et al. 1989: 272 (misidentification); Sakagami et al. 1990: (distribution, key to species); CAMBODIA; INDIA (misidentification); INDONESIA, Java; Sumatra; MALAYSIA; MYANMAR; THAILAND; Sakagami & Inoue 1990: (oviposition); Salmah et al. 1990: (distribution, nest (hollow pillars; cracks), also as laeviceps small); INDO- NESIA, Sumatera Barat; Inoue et al. 1990b: (population); Inoue 1990: 582 (nest, population); Johnson & Appanah 1990: (predator ( Oecophylla : Formicidae : Hymenoptera )); Engels & Imperatriz-Fonseca 1990: (see minangkabau ); Salmah et al. 1991: 196 (synonymy); Prasad & Hemanth 1992: (predator ( Ardeola grayii : Ardeidae : Ciconiiformes) (as leviseps! )); Michener & Roubik 1993: 260 (comparative note, morphology); Inoue et al. 1993: (nest); INDONESIA, Sumatra; Cardale 1993: 323-324 (see sapiens ); Dollin & Dollin 1994: (collecting males); Yamane et al. 1995: 276, 293 (comparative note); Drumond et al. 1995: 44 (citation, comparative behavior); Imperatriz-Fonseca & Zucchi 1995: 239 (citation); Inoue et al. 1995: 98 (pollination); Floral record: Neuwiedia borneensis ; Inoue et al. 1996b: 643 (misidentification); Salmah et al. 1996: 402, 410 (synonymy); Roubik 1996: 61 (distribution); BRU- NEI, Kuala Belalong; Ikudome & Kusigemati 1996: 20 (taxonomy); Smiley et al. 1996: 198, 200 (inquiline ( Hypoaspis hoffmannae : Laelapidae : Acari ), uncertain identity (as iridipennis )); MALAYSIA, Selangor; Okada et al. 1996: 178 (pollination); Floral record: Neuwiedia veratrifolia ; Nogueira-Neto 1997: 94 (citation); Dollin et al. 1997: (revision, synonymy, taxonomy); Nagamitsu & Inoue 1997: 435, 436 (pollination); Floral record: Santiria laevigata ; Dollin 1997: (compared to sapiens ); Nagamitsu & Inoue 1998: (foraging, morphology); Liow 1999: 106, 116, 127 (nest); Nagamitsu et al. 1999: (floral records (not by species), foraging); Peters et al. 1999: 382 (citation); Crane 1999: 89; van Veen & Sommeijer 2000: 70, 74, 75 (citation); Rajitparinya 2000: (distribution, nest); Rajitparinya 2000: (distribution, nest); Wu 2000: 387, 391-392, plate (key to species, morphology); Zherikhin & Ross 2000: 6, 13- 14 (amber); Chinajariyawong & Saiboon 2000: (distribution, nest); THAILAND, Songkhla; Liow et al. 2001: 184, 190; Green et al. 2001: 91 (microsatellite); Peeters & Ito 2001: 610-611 (citation); Wijesekara 2001: 154 (uncertain distribution); Kocyan & Endress 2001: 848, 856, 861, 864 (pollination); Floral record: Neuwiedia veratrifolia ; Eltz et al. 2002a: 30 (distribution, foraging, nest, population); MALAYSIA, Danum Valley; Sepilok; Deramakot; Nagamitsu & Inoue 2002: 309 (citation); San & Osawa 2002: (population); MALAYSIA, Negri Sembiran, Pasoh Forest Reserve; Eltz et al. 2003: (nest, tree preference); Camargo & Pedro 2003a: (comparative notes, systematics, taxonomy); Hohmann 2003: (communication, nest); Biesmeijer & Slaa 2004: 148 (citation, foraging); Franck et al. 2004: (genetics, microsatellite); Eltz 2004: 322 (abundance); Samejima et al. 2004: (population); MALAYSIA, Sarawak, Miri, Upper Baram area; Wattanachaiyingcharoen et al. 2004: (diversity, nest); Nagamitsu & Inoue 2005: 77, 78, 82, 83, 84, 85 (distribution, foraging); Chinh et al. 2005: 363, 364, 367-368, 370 (nest); VIETNAM, Cucphuong National Forest, Red river delta; Klakasikorn et al. 2005: 2, 3, 5, 6 (floral record); Floral record: Hevea brasiliensis ; Roubik 2006: 134 (nest); Tangmitcharoen et al. 2006: (pollination); Floral record: Tectona grandis ; Inson & Malaipan 2006: (distribution, foraging, nest, uncertain identity (as iridipennis )); THAILAND, Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Phum; Rasmussen & Cameron 2007: (systematics); Leonhardt et al. 2007: (foraging); Floral record: Ardisia pyramidalis ; Diospyros durionoides ; Ixora javanica ; Pipturus ; Thummajitsakul et al. 2008: 451 (genetic variation).