Hyposmocoma (Hyposmocoma) makaohuna, Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n, 2023

Doorenweerd, Camiel, Austin, Kyhl A., Rubinoff, Daniel, n, sp., n, sp., n, sp., n, sp. & n, sp., 2023, Five New Species of Hawaiian Endemic Fancy Case Caterpillars from a Recently Established Forest Reserve on Maui (Cosmopterigidae: Hyposmocoma), Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 55, pp. 29-44 : 40

Hyposmocoma (Hyposmocoma) makaohuna sp. n.

https://zoobank.org/94F0D59F-52CA-485D-8CF3-849C914D2145

Figs. 4C, D , 6A .

Type material Holotype. Female. USA: HI. Maui 26.iv.2021 DR21D16A.E3, Kamehamenui F [orest] R [eserve] Hand coll.[ected] Candy wrapper cases. E[x]l[arva] 20.v.2021. N 20.7285 E –156.2786 2135 m. Leg. [it] F. and K. Starr. DNA extract: DNA00255. Genitalia slide: KAA0901. Deposited in UHIM.

Differential diagnosis. Endemic to East Maui. The forewing pattern with a bright white central oval ring, a white costal mark above it, and a white fascia that curves to a distal point in the center at 0.8x of the wing on an almost black forewing is unique within Hyposmocoma . Not similar to any described species.

Description. Female. Head. Frons and vertex covered with charcoal black appressed scales. Anterior basal part of haustellum with white scales. Second palpomere of labial palpus white with some brown scales apically, third palpomere black with some white scales. Third palpomere about 0.7x length of second palpomere. Antenna about 0.7x length of the forewing, scape and antennomeres black. Thorax. Uniformly charcoal black. Wings.Forewing length 3.9mm.Forewing with a dark brown to black base color with a bright white oval ring in the center of the wing, and a bright white angled costal mark directly above it. A bright white fascia at 0.9x of the wing, that curves distally in the center. Forewing fringe white with blacktipsapically,graydorsally.Forewing underside brown. Hindwings dark brown with a gradient to black at the distal half, fringe dark brown. Vannal brush absent. Hindwing underside brown. Legs. Black with bright white tipped apices of each segment. Abdomen. Uniformly charcoal. Female genitalia. Papilla anales sclerotized. Posterior side of segment IX with a sclerotized bar with setae. Posterior apophyses about 2x length of anterior apophyses, 0.6x width of segment IX. Ostium sclerotized, sterigma sclerotized and externally protruding and curled to the right. Ductus bursa about 0.2x length of oval bursa copulatrix. Signum absent.

Male. Unknown.

Biology. The male is unknown, but likely similar to female. The final instar larval case is elongated, dual-opening, about 5.5 mminlength, withconstrictions at either end (“candywrapper” type) ( Fig. 6A ).Candywrappertypecasesaretypified by constricted sections at either end, and flaring out apically towards the openings —resembling a wrapped candy. Likely, the cases were adorned with bits of yellow or green lichen in the field as is typical of this group, but the lichen are easily lost in transport and the rearing process; only small fragments remain on the preserved cases.

Distribution. Only known from its type locality on East Maui in Kamehamenui FR.

Etymology. The epithet “makaohuna” is a compound noun in genitive case transliterated from the Hawaiian maka (“eye”) and ōhuna (“hidden”), referring to the appearance of a pair of eyes on the forewings when they are spread.

Remarks. Over 20 larval cases were collected, but only a single female emerged. The sclerotized papilla anales, sclerotized posterior of segments IX and X, and markedly short apophyses place this species in what has been referred to as the H. admirationis Walsingham group (sensu Zimmerman [1978]), or in more recently published work, the “candywrapper” group—referring to the shape of the larval cases. Although DNA was extracted, we have been unable to obtain sequence data, which could further elucidate its relationship with other Hyposmocoma .

Figures

Figure 4. A. Holotype adult Hyposmocoma desilvai sp. n., DR21D16E.1, DNA00252, reared from a “cigar” type case from Kamehamenui FR. B. Female genitalia of same specimen, slide KAA0902. C. Holotype adult H. makaohuna, DR21D16A.E3, DNA00255, reared from a “candywrapper” type case from Kamehamenui FR. D. Fe- male genitalia of same specimen, slide KAA0901. Abbreviations: pa = papilla anales, IX = segment IX.

Figure 6. Larval cases of the new species, all to same scale. A. Hyposmocoma makaohuna, rearing lot DR21D16A, B. H. kamehamenui, rearing lot DR21D16B, C. H. desilvai, larval case of holotype (note case openings on both ends), D. H. starrorum, rearing lot DR21E1A (single case opening), E. H. kukilakila, rearing lot DR21D16B.