Peralia Malloch

Webb, Donald W., 2006, The neotropical genera Microthereva Malloch and Peralia Malloch (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae), Zootaxa 1295, pp. 1-27 : 13-15

Peralia Malloch

Peralia Malloch (1932:240 desc.), Ortiz (1946:85 cat.) Type species Anabarhynchus griseus Kröber (1911:485) by original designation.

Anabarrhynchus [incorrect spelling of Anabarhynchus ].

Diagnosis

Large flies, males 8.8–11.2 mm, females 9.4–12.0 mm.

Head. Ocellar tubercle dark reddish brown, pruinescence gray, not raised above level of vertex in males; setae dark reddish brown, elongate. Eyes reddish brown, anterior margin sinuate; dichoptic in males and females, separated by distance greater than width of ocellar tubercle; ommatidia of equal size. Frons reduced in males; black band absent lateral to antennal base; setae extending lateral to antennal base. Face projecting moderately beyond anterior margin of eyes. Antenna shorter than head length; scape cylindrical, about two times longer than wide, over two times length of pedicel, subequal in width to flagellum, setae dark brown, elongate, macrosetae dark brown, absent on medial surface; pedicel globular, wider than long, setae short, absent on medial surface; first flagellomere oval, tapered apically, second flagellomere cylindrical, short, third flagellomere globular, short, flagellum over two times longer than wide and slightly longer than length of scape; apical style short. Parafacial setae absent. Maxillary palpus cylindrical, apex slightly clavate. Gena rounded ventrally, lacking anterodorsal patch of short setae. Occipital macrosetae dark reddish brown to black (>50).

Postocular macrosetae black, in single row.

Thorax. Macrosetae 2–6 np, 1–2 sa, 1 pa, 1–6 dc, 2 dc. Postpronotal lobe concolorous with mesonotum. Cervical sclerite lacking setae and macrosetae. Prosternum lacking setae in and around central depression. Setae absent on proepimeron, anepimeron, meron, and metakatepisternum. Wing. Setulae absent on dorsal surface of R1; cell m3 open widely; M1, M2, and M3 originate separately from apex of discal cell; cell cup closed, petiolate; anal angle broadly rounded; alula rounded. Legs. Coxae dark brown, pruinescence whitish gray, dense; setae white, elongate; setae absent on posterior half of midcoxa; hindcoxa with papillate anterior knob and one posterolateral macroseta; apical macrosetae and posterolateral macroseta on hindcoxa pale yellow. Femora lacking lanceolate, appressed setae dorsally; av absent on fore­ and midfemur, pv absent.

Abdomen. Male terminalia . Tergite 8 ( Fig. 20 ), posterior margin broadly emarginate; median length thick (> 0.05 mm); setae generally absent medially on posterior margin; one pair of sensory setae. Sternite 8 ( Fig. 21 ) quadrate, anterior margin truncate to slightly emarginate, posterior margin truncate; setae continuous across posterior margin. Epandrium ( Fig. 20 ) shorter medially than wide; anterior margin broadly emarginate; posterolateral margin short, broadly pointed. Cercus ( Fig. 20 ) free, oblong; ending distal to posterolateral margin of epandrium. Hypoproct ( Fig. 20 ) quadrate, ending distal to posterolateral margin of epandrium; apicoventral area flat. Hypandrium reduced, heavily sclerotized, attached to anterior margin of gonocoxite. Gonocoxite ventral view ( Fig. 21 ) fused medially on posterior half, globular, sides rounded, posterolateral margin broadly rounded; dorsal view ( Fig. 22 ), gonocoxal apodeme short, not extending beyond anterior margin, gonocoxal bridge narrow, attaching dorsal apodeme of aedeagus to medial margin of gonocoxite; lateral view ( Fig. 23 ) broad, globular; inner gonocoxal process ( Figs. 21–23 ) large, articulating with posterior margin of gonocoxite, broad, thick, tapering to posterior point, in lateral view clavate; ventral lobe ( Fig. 21 ) short, fused medially. Gonostylus ( Fig. 24 ) broad, sinuate with apicomedial point; setae dark yellow. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme ( Fig. 25 ) broad, anterior margin truncate; ventral apodeme ( Fig. 26 ) narrow, bifurcate anteriorly, reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view ( Fig. 25 ) broad basally, short, tapered posteriorly, apicolateral spines absent, lateral view ( Fig. 27 ) short, thick, sinuate; ejaculatory apodeme ( Fig. 25 ), anterior half narrow, extending well beyond anterior margin of dorsal apodeme, anterior margin rounded, in cross­section flattened dorsoventrally. Lateral ejaculatory processes ( Fig. 25 ), heavily sclerotized, curved dorsoventrally. Female terminalia . Anterior margin of sternite 8 truncate; aedeagal guide present. Median lobe of tergite 9 lacking setae. Furca ( Figs. 28–29 ) oval; common spermathecal duct shorter than furca; spermathecal duct narrow posteriorly becoming threadlike and convoluted before ending in large, oval spermatheca; spermathecal sac duct narrow, over five times length of furca before bifurcating to form two large spermathecal sacs; furcal projections absent.

Immature stages. Unknown.

Distribution

Peralia is reported from Argentina and Chile ( Figs. 31–32 ).

Habitats and Phenology

Peralia has been handnetted or collected in Malaise, window or light traps in dry hillsides and in Araucaria­Nothofagus forests. Adults have been collected in August and October to March.

Figures

FIGURES 20 – 29. Peralia vittata. 20. Tergite 8, epandrium, cerci, hypoproct, dorsal view. 21. Sternite 8, gonocoxite, ventral view. 22. Gonocoxite, dorsal view. 23. Gonocoxite, lateral view. 24. Gonostylus, lateral view. 25. Aedeagus, dorsal view. 26. Aedeagus, ventral view. 27. Aedeagus, lateral view. 28. Female internal reproductive organs. Peralia hermanni. 29. Female internal reproductive organs. Scale = 0.1 mm. Abbreviation: LEP = lateral ejaculatory process, SpSd = spermathecal sac duct.

FIGURES 30 – 32. Distribution maps. 30. Microthereva argentiventris (closed circles), M. variventris (arrow). 31. Peralia hermanni. 32. Peralia vittata.