Smicromorpha Girault, 1913

Binoy, C., Santhosh, S. & Nasser, M., 2021, Review of Smicromorpha Girault (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) with description of a new species from India, Zootaxa 4991 (1), pp. 131-149 : 133-134

Smicromorpha Girault, 1913

Smicromorpha Girault 1913: 89 . Type species: Smicromorpha doddi Girault , by original designation and monotypy. Smicromorphella Girault 1930: 2 . Type species: Smicromorphella minera Girault , by monotypy (synonymy by Naumann

1986).

Description. Body non-metallic yellow to orange with brown or black markings. Head with eyes usually very large, in profile occupying majority of face (e.g. Fig. 1 ) except in S. banksi ( Fig. 16 ), S. minera ( Naumann 1986, fig. 38), and S. eudela ( Fig. 32 ); margin of antennal scrobe deeply impressed and carinate (e.g. Fig. 4 ) except in S. eudela ( Fig. 33 ); toruli at level with or above ventral margin of eyes (e.g. Fig. 24 ). Mandibles asymmetric, right mandible with inner rounded lobe and acute sclerotized tooth, and left mandible with inner, stout, acute tooth and outer weakly sclerotized process. Antenna with scape translucent, pedicel swollen, and flagellum much shorter than length of eye in profile, slender and somewhat fusiform, with 5 (♂)‒6(♀) flagellomeres, and mostly bearing sparse, suberect, hair-like setae; clava (terminal flagellomere) not differentiated, 1-segmented (e.g. Fig. 26 ) except 2-segmented in S. attenboroughi sp. nov. ( Fig. 2 ). Mesosoma with pronotum dorsally transverse, with or without transverse carina dorsally; mesoscutum with complete but narrow and weakly impressed notauli; prepectus minute, hardly visible; propodeum rugose-punc- tate, with petiolar foramen at dorsal margin. Hind coxa quite slender, subequal in length to hind femur; hind femur greatly enlarged, most often ventral margin serrulate without an inner tooth (e.g. Fig. 10 ). Wings densely setose; MV short, at most as long as STV; PMV absent or reduced to a stub; STV divergent from costal margin (e.g. Fig. 11 ). Metasoma elongate; base of petiole with dorsal condyle providing articulation with propodeum ( Figs 31 , 56 ); body of petiole delimited anteriorly by ventrobasal and dorsobasal laminae; postpetiolar segments unsclerotized.

Hosts. Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius) ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae ) ( Girault 1913; Naumann 1986; Darling 2009). African species possibly parasitizing African weaver ant species Oecophylla longinoda (Latreille) ( Naumann 1986) .

Distribution. Afrotropical, Australia, India, Indonesia and Vietnam ( Girault 1913, 1915, 1930; Narendran 1979; Naumann 1986; Bouček 1988, Ubaidillah & Kojima, 2004; Darling 2009; Noyes 2019; R. Copeland, pers. comm.) ( Fig. 62 ).

Key to world species. Naumann (1986) & Darling (2009).

Key to Species of Smicromorpha Girault of the world (modified from Naumann 1986 & Darling 2009)

1. LOD shorter than OOL ( Figs 18 , 35 , 40, 42 , 48 , 55 ); hind femur with or without basal prominence.................... 2

- LOD much greater than OOL (lateral ocellus adjacent to inner eye margin) ( Figs 5 , 27 ); hind femur with basal prominence fol- lowed by serrulation ( Figs 10 , 23 )........................................................................ 3

2. Margin of antennal scrobe carinate ( Figs 17 , 44 , 47 , 53 ); STV at right angle with SMV ( Figs 19 , 41 , 50 ); hind femur with dis- tinct, black serrulation ( Figs 20 , 39, 41 , 46 , 52 )............................................................. 4

- Male. Margin of antennal scrobe acarinate ( Fig. 33 ); fore wing with STV punctiform, forming acute angle with SMV; hind femur without black serrulation, with 3 or 4 pale coloured distal teeth [ Australia: Northern Territory]... S. eudela Naumann

3. Flagellum 8-segmented, the clava 2-segmented ( Fig. 2 ); pronotal collar with transverse carina throughout, including dorsum ( Fig. 6 ); LOD 1.53× POL ( Fig. 5 ); head in frontal view 1.40× as long as wide ( Fig. 4 ); IOD 5.10× maximum length of head; anterior 0.4× of petiole smooth ( Fig. 12 ) [ India: Kerala]............................ S. attenboroughi Binoy , sp. nov.

- Flagellum 7-segmented, the clava (terminal flagellomere) 1-segmented ( Fig. 26 ); pronotal collar carinate only laterally ( Fig. 29 ); LOD 1.40× POL ( Fig. 27 ); head in frontal view 1.12× as long as wide; IOD 1.63× maximum length of head; petiole mi- nutely reticulate-punctate to rugose dorsally ( Fig. 30 ) [ Australia: North Territory, PNG and Queensland]... S. doddi Girault

4. Hind femur with blunt process proximally ( Figs 39, 41 ) or terminal flagellomere wider than long; hind femur with short, dense and adpressed setation................................................................................. 5

- Hind femur without any basal prominence proximal to serrulation, and terminal flagellomere longer than wide; hind femur with long, sparse, suberect setae and with short, dense and adpressed setae ( Naumann 1986, fig. 37) [ Australia: Queensland]......................................................................................... S. minera Girault

5. Sternaulus absent ( Naumann 1986, fig. 47); OS greater than LOD ( Figs 17 , 47 , 53 ); frons with distinct longitudinal grove be- tween median ocellus and antennal scrobe ( Figs 47 , 53 )...................................................... 6

- Sternaulus present ( Naumann 1986, fig. 49; Fig. 43 ); OS equal to LOD ( Fig. 42 ); frons without distinct longitudinal grove between median ocellus and antennal scrobe [ India: Kerala, Tamil Nadu]..................... S. keralensis Narendran

6. Female. Petiole distinctly swollen ventrally, less than 3.7× as long as high, and with transverse lamina indistinct ( Figs 46 , 56 ); terminal flagellomere longer than wide; fl 1 less than 0.7× as long as fl 2........................................... 7

- Female. Petiole not distinctly swollen ventrally, more than 4.0× as long as high, and with transverse lamina distinct ( Fig. 21 ); terminal flagellomere wider than long; fl 1 0.8× as long as fl 2 [ Australia: Queensland; Papua New Guinea: Karkar Island]........................................................................................ S. banksi Naumann

7. Petiole with strong basal dorsolateral carinae ( Darling 2009, fig. 10); tentorial pits absent [ Australia: Queensland]........................................................................................... S. lagynos Naumann

- Petiole without dorsolateral carinae ( Fig. 55 ); tentorial pits distinct [ Vietnam: Thua Thien-Hue Province].................................................................................................... S. masneri Darling

Figures

FIGURE 62. Distribution map of world species of Smicromorpha Girault.

FIGURES 1–9. Smicromorpha attenboroughi Binoy, sp. nov., holotype ♀: 1, habitus, lateral view; 2, antenna; 3, clypeus; 4, head, frontal view; 5, head, dorsal view; 6, head and pronotum in part, dorsal view showing pronotal carina; 7, head and meso- soma, lateral view; 8, mesosoma, dorsal view; 9, scutellum (in part), propodeum and petiole (in part), dorsal view. Scale bar: Fig. 1: 1 mm; Figs 2, 3: 100 μm; Figs 4–6, 8, 9: 200 μm; Fig. 7: 500 μm.

FIGURES 16–22. Smicromorpha banksi Naumann, holotype ♂: 16, habitus, lateral view; 17, head, frontal view; 18, head and mesosoma, dorsal view; 19, fore wing and hind wing; 20, hind leg; 21, petiole, lateral view; 22, type labels. Scale bar: Figs 16, 19: 1 mm; Figs 17, 21: 200 μm; Figs 18, 20: 500 μm.

FIGURES 32–38. Smicromorpha eudela Naumann, holotype ♀: 32, habitus, lateral view; 33, head, frontal view; 34, antenna; 35, head, dorsal view; 36, mesosoma, dorsal view; 37, wings; 38, type labels. Scale bar: Fig. 32: 1 mm; Fig. 33: 200 μm; Figs 34–37: 500 μm.

FIGURES 23–31. Smicromorpha doddi Girault: 23, habitus, lateral view (♀); 24, head, frontal view (♀); 25, head, frontal view (♂); 26, antenna (♀); 27, head, dorsal view (♀); 28, mesosoma, dorsal view (♀); 29, pronotum, lateral view showing pro- notal carina (♀); 30, petiole, dorsal view (♀); 31, petiole, lateral view (♀). Scale bar: Fig. 23: 1 mm; Figs 24, 25, 27, 29, 31: 200 μm; Fig. 28: 500 μm; Figs 26, 30: 100 μm.

FIGURES 10–15. Smicromorpha attenboroughi Binoy, sp. nov., holotype ♀: 10, hind leg; 11, fore wing venation; 12, petiole, dorsal view; 13, petiole, lateral view; 14, metasoma, lateral view; 15, terminal segments of metasoma and ovipositor, lateral view. Scale bar: Figs 10–13, 15: 200 μm; Fig. 14: 500 μm.

FIGURES 52–57. Smicromorpha masneri Darling, holotype ♀: 52, habitus, lateral view; 53, head, frontal view; 54, antenna; 55, mesosoma and petiole, dorsal view; 56, petiole, lateral view; 57, type labels. Scale bar: Fig. 52: 1 mm; Figs 53, 56: 200 μm; Fig. 54: 100 μm; Fig. 55: 500 μm.

FIGURES 39–45. Smicromorpha keralensis Narendran (39, 40, 45 holotype ♂; 41–43 non-type ♀): 39, habitus, lateral view; 40, head, mesosoma and petiole, dorsal view; 41, habitus, lateral view; 42, dorsal view; 43, mesosoma, lateral view (arrow showing sternaulus); 44, head, frontal view; 45, labels. Scale bar: Fig. 39: 1 mm; Figs 40–42: 500 μm; Fig. 43: 200 μm.

FIGURES 46–51. Smicromorpha lagynos Naumann, holotype ♀: 46, habitus, lateral view; 47, head, frontal view; 48, head, dorsal view; 49, mesosoma and petiole, dorsal view; 50, fore wing; 51, type labels. Scale bar: Fig. 46: 1 mm; Figs 47, 48, 50– 200 μm; Fig. 49: 500 μm.