Hiroshiinoueana Kawabe, 1978

Fei, Yao, Zhao, Jingxia, Liu, Kaili & Yu, Haili, 2018, First record of Hiroshiinoueana Kawabe, 1978 from China (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), with descriptions of two new species, Zootaxa 4429 (2), pp. 324-330 : 324-325

Hiroshiinoueana Kawabe, 1978

Hiroshiinoueana Kawabe, 1978: 177 .

Type species: Hiroshiinoueana stellifera Kawabe, 1978 , by original designation.

Species of Hiroshiinoueana are medium-sized moths, often characterized by conspicuous metallic spots on the forewing. Similar markings are present in species of Gatesclarkeana Diakonoff and Ukamenia Oku , but the pattern elements often appear as fine metallic streaks across the forewing in these other genera, and it is difficult to separate the latter two genera from each other based on appearance. The absence of scaled ventral pockets near the base of the abdomen also separates Hiroshiinoueana from most species of Gatesclarkeana and Ukamenia .

Hiroshiinoueana is characterized by the following genitalia characters: large dorso-basal spiny process or lobe of the valva and bristle cluster on the sacculus in the male genitalia; and the large, sclerotized, tubular sterigma and depressed signum with stellate teeth in the female genitalia. The genitalia of Gatesclarkeana are very similar to those of Hiroshiinoueana , but they can be distinguished by the right valva bearing a cluster of long bristles in the male genitalia, which is absent on left valva; and by the densely aciculate sterigma and the scobinate and concave signum (or signa) with a few teeth medially in the female genitalia. In Hiroshiinoueana there is one long bristle cluster on each valva in the male genitalia, and the sterigma is naked and the signum is a scobinate, rounded patch confluent with a stellate sclerite in the female genitalia.

According to Horak (2006), the dorso-basal spiny process on the valva is derived from the sacculus. However, in the present study we found that this spiny process (or lobe) in H. inequivalva is derived from the distal part of the sacculus. whereas in H. wuzhishanica it appears to be derived from the base of cucullus, and is more like the expansion of a pulvinus from the cucullus. The M-stem in the forewing and the basal excavation in the male genitalia are present in the two new species, but neither character was illustrated or referred to in the original description of the two previously described species of the genus. The M-stem terminates between M2 and M3. In H. wuzhishanica there is a cluster of long black scales on inner side of the hind tibia in the male; this modification was not mentioned in the descriptions of the two previously known species, and is also absent in H. inequivalva .

Razowski (1989) referred Hiroshiinoueana to Gatesclarkeanina and hypothesized that the structure of the valva, especially the distal portion (the neck and the cucullus), was its autapomorphy. Based on characters of the male genitalia (spiny process of valva), the female genitalia (shape of signa and sterigma), and forewing markings (conspicuous metallic spots), Horak (2006) considered Hiroshiinoueana to be closely related to Gatesclarkeana Diakonoff , Asymmetrarcha Diakonoff , and Ukamenia Oku.