Gatzara angulineura ( Yang, 1987 ) Yang, 1987

Wang, Xinli, Ao, Weiguang, Wang, Zhiliang & Wan, Xia, 2012, Review of the genus Gatzara Navás, 1915 from China (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), Zootaxa 3408, pp. 34-46 : 36-40

1. Gatzara angulineura ( Yang, 1987) , n. comb.

( Fig. 1 : A–D)

Dendroleon angulineura Yang 1987: 212 .

Female. Forewing 37 mm, hindwing 35 mm, abdomen 21mm.

Male. Unknown.

Head ( Fig. 1-B ). Eye black grayish, with small dark spots; face yellowish white, dark band around antennae; yellow brown vertex convex, with short brown hairs, a pair of transverse brown spot and a pair of vertical brown spot. Maxillary palpus and clypeus dark brown; labial palpus yellow, the last segment fusiform. Antennae clavate, yellow-brown, scape and pedicel black-brown, flagellum comprising about 33 flagellomeres, alternating between brown and yellow, club dark brown.

Thorax. Pronotum ( Fig. 1-B ) longer than wide, brown with short and long black setae, with a middle dark brown broad stripe and a pairs of lateral dark brown thin stripes. Mesonotum yellow-brown with sparse black long setae; mesoprescutum with a pair of black rounded spots; mesoscutum with a black middle strip and a pair of black stipes on side. Metanotum brown mainly.

Legs. Foreleg: coxa black, covered with sparse long black and white setae; femur and tibia dark brown; tarsus dark except the basic part of the first and the second segment pale; spurs and claws red-brown, the apex of spurs slightly bend, extending to apex of the 2nd tarsomere. Midleg similar to foreleg, but the color of hindleg more paler.

Forewing. Venation alternating between pale and dark, most crossveins pale; anterior Banksian line distinct, posterior Banksian line indistinct; the width of costal area equal to the most width between R and Rs; Rs with about 11 branches; presectoral area with 3 crossveins and 2 irregular cells; the bifurcation of Rs before cubital fork; the anastomosis of CuA and CuP+1A and the area of rhegma without distinct brown stripes. Stigma white with a small yellow brown spot at base; hypostigmal cell short and narrow. Hindwing. Narrower, shorter and paler than forewing; the most width between R and Rs wider than the most width of costal area; presectoral area with 1 crossvein; the anastomosis of CuA and CuP+1A without spot; the area of rhegma and the terminal of hypostigmal cell with small dark spots; a small yellow brown spot at base of stigma; no dark brown line halves apex angle.

Abdomen. Yellow brown with black spots. Segment II dark brown with dense long black and white hairs, segment III-IV middle yellow, base and terminal black, other segments black; ectoproct oval, short and broad with sparse short black setae; 9th-interior gonapophysis chock-like with digging setae, 8th-interior gonapophysis fingerlike, longer than 8th-external gonapophysis ( Fig. 1-C ).

Male. Unknown.

Material Examined. Holotype, Ƥ, Jilong, Prov. Xizang, 85°17ʹE, 28°51ʹN. 2400m, 22.VII.1975, Huang Fusheng leg (CAU-N1000048).

Distribution. China (Xizang)

Remarks. G. angulineura was described by Yang Chi-kun (1987) as Dendroleon angulineurus based on a male monotype. He did not dissect the genitalia of the specimen at that time. By re-examination of this type specimen, including its genitalia, we found that the female 8th-interior gonapophysis of this species is longer than the 8th-external gonapophysis, which is not concordant with Dendroleon but is consistent with Gatzara . So we propose that D. angulineura should be transferred to Gatzara .

This species is similar to G. jubilaea Navás, 1915 from India, but may be distinguished from it by the latter having four crossveins in the presectoral area of the forewing, as well as the hind wing with a distinct dark brown line which halves apex angle.

2. Gatzara decorilla ( Yang, 1997) , n. comb. ( Fig. 2 : A–D, 6: A)

Dendroleon decorilla Yang, 1997: 615 .

Female. Forewing 27–36mm, hindwing 26–35mm, abdomen 16–17mm.

Male. Forewing 27–36mm, hindwing 26–35mm, abdomen 16–17mm.

Head ( Figure 2-B ). Eye black grayish, with small dark spots; face yellow brown with sparse yellow brown hairs, dark band around antennae; pale yellow vertex convex, with short black hairs; a pair of transverse black stripes near the eyes and another pair of longitudinal black stripes hind them. Maxillary palpus and clypeus dark brown; labial palpus yellow, the last segment fusiform. Antennae clavate, dark-brown, scape and pedicel blackbrown, flagellum comprising about 28 flagellomeres, alternating between brown and yellow, club dark brown.

Thorax. Pronotum ( Figure 2-B ) longer than wide, yellow brown with sparse long black and white setae; middle stripe narrow and distinct, a pair of black stripes on posterior 2/3 of side margin. Mesonotum yellow-brown with sparse black and white long setae; mesoprescutum with a pair of black rounded spots and a pair of bent black line along side margin; mesoscutum with a middle longitudinal black stripe and a pair of black strips on side. Metanotum black in the middle and both side margins with a black line.

Legs. Foreleg: inside of coxa and femur yellow, outside black; tibia yellow with a median spot, apex of tibia dark; tarsus dark except the basic part of the first and the second segment pale; spurs and claws yellow, the spurs long and straight, extending to apex of the 2nd tarsomere. Midleg similar to foreleg, but the color of hindleg more paler.

Forewing. The outer margin slight concave; venation alternating between pale and dark; anterior Banksian line distinct, posterior Banksian line indistinct; the width of costal area narrower than the most width between R and Rs; Rs with about 9–12 branches; presectoral area with 3–4 crossveins and without irregular cells; the furcation of Rs before cubital fork; area of rhegma with brown rounded spot, the anastomosis of CuA and CuP+1A with a distinct large dark brown irregular spot. Stigma pale with a large piece of brown on both terminals. Hindwing. The outer margin slightly concave, narrower, shorter and paler than forewing; the most width between R and Rs wider than the width of costal area; presectoral area with 1 crossvein; the anastomosis of CuA and CuP+1A without spot; the area of rhegma with a distinct large dark brown rounded spot, about thrice as large as that of forewings, extend to the outer margin; apex area brown with a white spot near wing apex angle.

Abdomen. Yellow brown, with short black hairs, lateral and terminal of each segment dark brown. The terminalia with short yellow setae; ectoproct oval, short and broad with sparse short yellow setae; 9th-interior gonapophysis kidney-like with dense digging setae, 8th-interior gonapophysis fingerlike, longer than 8th-external gonapophysis ( Figure 2-C ).

Male. Similar to female, pilula axillaris present. In male genitalia ( Fig. 6 : B) gonarcus indistinct, mediuncus wide.

Material examined. Holotype, 3, Dajiu Lake, Shennongjia, Prov. Hubei, 109°58ʹE, 31°28ʹN. 9.VI.1977, Liu Shengli leg. (CAU-N100055). 1Ƥ, Baiyun Mountain, Song county, Prov. Henan, 112°13ʹE, 33°57ʹN. 1300m, 16.VII.1996, Shen Xiaocheng leg (CAU-N100051). 1Ƥ, Shuilian Cave, Jigong Mountain, Prov. Henan, 114°16ʹE, 33°57ʹN. 11.IX.2000, Shen Xiaocheng leg (CAU-N100050). 13, Kang county, Prov. Gansu, 105°36ʹE 33°19ʹN. 1200m, 11.VII.1998, Yao Jian leg (CAU-N100052). 13, Huoditang, Ningshan Prov. Shaanxi, 108°27ʹE 33°25ʹN. 11.VII.1998, Yuan Decheng leg (CAU-N100053). 1Ƥ, Longyuwan, Luanchuan, Prov. Henan, 111°42ʹE, 33°41ʹN. 14.VII.1996, Yang Chikun leg (CAU-N100049). 13, Longyuwan, Luanchuan, Prov. Henan, 111°42ʹE, 33°41ʹN. 14.VII.1996, Yang Chikun leg (CAU-N100054). 1Ƥ, Qinling Mountain, Prov. Shaanxi, 108°47ʹE, 33°51ʹN. 8.VIII.1961, Yang Chikun leg (CAU-N100056). 1Ƥ, Baotianman, Neixiang, Prov. Henan, 111°54ʹE, 33°13ʹN. 1350m, 23.VII.2004, Wang Zhiliang leg (CAU-N 100174). 23, Baotianman, Neixiang, Prov. Henan, 111°54ʹE, 33°13ʹN. 1350m, 23.VII.2004, Wang Zhiliang leg (CAU-N 100175, CAU-N 100177). 13, Baotianman, Neixiang, Prov. Henan, 111°54ʹE, 33°13ʹN. 1350m, 24.VII.2004, Wang Zhiliang leg (CAU-N 100176). 13, Wuyanling Montain, Prov. Zhejiang, 119°39ʹE, 27°29ʹN. 650m, 4.VIII.2005, Wang Zhiliang leg (CAU-N 101292).

Distribution. China (Hubei, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang).

Remarks. G. decorilla was described by Yang Chi-kun (1997) as Dendroleon decorilla based on a male holotype. He did not dissect the genitalia of the specimen at that time. Now we have found a number of specimens of this species from five provinces, re-examined the type specimen and studied the genitalia. Because its female 8thinterior gonapophysis is longer than the 8th-external gonapophysis, this character is not accordant with Dendroleon but it is consistent with Gatzara . So we propose that D. decorilla should be transferred to Gatzara .

This species is similar to G. jezoensis ( Okamoto, 1910) , but may be distinguished from it by the following characters: the outer margin of wings is slightly concave in G. decorilla , but slightly protuberant in G. jezoensis ; the marking pattern of the wings in G. decorilla is distinct from that of G. jezoensis .

3. Gatzara decorosa ( Yang, 1988) , n. comb. ( Fig. 3 : A–D, 6: B)

Dendroleon decorosus Yang, 1988: 207 .

Female. Forewing 38–40mm, hindwing 39–40mm, abdomen 19–20mm.

Male. Forewing 38–39mm, hindwing 39–40mm, abdomen 18–19mm.

Head ( Figure 3-B ). Eye black grayish, with small dark spots; face yellow brown with sparse yellow brown hairs, dark band around antennae; yellow vertex convex, with dense small brown spots. Maxillary palpus and clypeus dark brown; labial palpus yellow, the last segment fusiform and black. Antennae clavate, dark-brown, scape and pedicel black-brown, flagellum comprising about 28 flagellomeres, alternating between brown and yellow, club dark brown.

Thorax. Pronotum ( Figure 3-B ) longer than wide, yellow brown with sparse long black and white setae; middle black stripe broad and distinct, a pair of brown longitudinal stripes indistinct. Mesonotum with sparse black and white long setae; mesoprescutum with a pair of black spots and black anterior margin; mesoscutum with a middle black strip. Metanotum yellow brown with a middle triangle black mark.

Legs. Foreleg: inside of coxa and femur yellow, outside black; femur mainly dark brown except yellow on apex; tibia yellow with a median transverse black stripe, apex of tibia dark; tarsus dark except the first segment pale; spurs and claws yellow, the spurs long and straight, extending to apex of the 2nd tarsomere. Midleg similar to foreleg, but the color of hindleg more paler.

Forewing. Venation alternating between pale and dark; anterior Banksian line distinct, posterior Banksian line indistinct; the width of costal area narrower than the most width between R and Rs; Rs with about 9–12 branches; presectoral area with 3–4 crossveins and without irregular cells; the furcation of Rs before cubital fork; the anastomosis of CuA and CuP+1A with a brown arch-like spot, area of rhegma with a brown rounded spot. Stigma pale with a large piece of brown on both terminals; hypostigmal cell short and broad. Hindwing. Narrower, shorter and paler than forewing; the width of costal area narrower than the most width between R and Rs; presectoral area with 1 crossvein; the anastomosis of CuA and CuP+1A without spot; the area of rhegma with a distinct large dark brown rounded spot, about thrice as large as that of forewings, extend to the outer margin; apex area brown with an irregular white spot near apex angle.

Abdomen. Yellow brown, with short black hairs, lateral and terminal of each segment dark brown. Ectoproct oval, short and broad with sparse short yellow setae; 9th-interior gonapophysis kidney-like with dense digging setae, 8th-interior gonapophysis fingerlike, almost as long as 8th-external gonapophysis ( Figure 3-C ).

Male. Simmilar to female, pilula axillaris present. In male genitalia ( Fig. 6 : B) gonarcus strong, mediuncus narrow.

Material examined. Holotype, Ƥ, Motuo Gedang, Prov. Xizang, 95°40ʹE, 29°26ʹN. 2000m, 15.IX.1982, Han Yinheng leg (CAU-N100076). 1Ƥ, Hanmi, Prov. Xizang, 95°07ʹE, 29°23ʹN. 2200m, 26.VIII.2005, Zhou Dakang leg (CAU-N 101296). 23, Aniqiao, Prov. Xizang, 95°07ʹE, 29°23ʹN. VIII.2005, Huang Hao leg (CAU-N 101297, CAU-N 101297)

Distribution. China (Xizang).

Remarks. G. decorosa was described by Yang Chi-kun (1988) as Dendroleon decorosus based on a female holotype. He did not dissect the genitalia of the specimen at that time. We have re-examined the type specimen and studied the genitalia. We found that the female 8th-interior gonapophysis is almost as long as the 8th-external gonapophysis, which is not accordant with Dendroleon but is consistent with Gatzara . So we propose that D. decorosa should be transferred to Gatzara .

This species is similar to G. jezoensis ( Okamoto, 1910) , but may be distinguished from it by the following characters: the outer margin of the wings is slightly concave in this species, while the outer margin of the wings is slightly protuberant in G. jezoensis . This species is remarkably larger than G. jezoensis , which has a forewing length of 28mm and a hindwing length of 27mm.

Figures

FIGURE 1. A – D. Gatzara angulineura (Yang, 1987), n. comb. A. female habitus; B. head and pronotum, dorsal view; C. female genitalia, ventral view; D. female genitalia, ventral view.

FIGURE 2. A – D. Gatzara decorilla (Yang, 1997), n. comb. A. female habitus; B. head and pronotum, dorsal view; C. female genitalia, ventral view. D. female genitalia, ventral view.

FIGURE 6. A – B. Male genitalia. A. Gatzara decorilla (Yang, 1997), n. comb. B. Gatzara decorosa (Yang, 1988), n. comb. Abbreviations: mediuncus (med), gonarcus (gs), parameres (pa).

FIGURE 3. A – D. Gatzara decorosa (Yang, 1988), n. comb. A. female habitus; B. head and pronotum, dorsal view; C. female genitalia, ventral view. D. female genitalia, ventral view.