Glaucomastix itabaianensis, Rosário & Santos & Arias & Rocha & Dias & Carvalho & Rodrigues, 2019
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4624.4.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A7D7179F-960E-4E75-81A9-2CA6A2225942 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B23314-FFCF-CB03-DD8D-8C95FAB761B7 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Glaucomastix itabaianensis |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Glaucomastix itabaianensis sp. nov.
(Figure 4–5)
Holotype: MZUSP 104255 View Materials (field number ITB 1 ; Figure 5 View FIGURE 5 ), adult female, collected under shrubs in sand dune habitat (10:00–11:00), in PARNASI, Areia Branca municipality, State of Sergipe, Brazil (longitude: -37.3408, latitude: -10.7495; Datum: WGS-84; 201 m above sea level), on 19 March, 2012 by I. Rosário, R. Vieira, and R. Almeida ( Table S1 View TABLE S , Supporting information).
Paratopotypes: one male ( MZUSP 104256; field number ITB 2) and three individuals of undetermined sex ( MZUSP 104257–59; (field number, respectively ITB 3–5) collected among shrubs in sand dune habitats, in PAR- NASI, (08:00–12:00); all other data identical to holotype ( Table S1 View TABLE S , Supporting information).
Paratypes: four males ( MZUSP 104250–54 View Materials ; field number, respectively CAZ 1–5 ), collected 12 February 2012, in Costa Azul locality, Jandaíra municipality, State of Bahia (longitude: -37.4818, latitude: -11.6621; Datum: WGS- 84), by I. Rosário, R. Vieira, V. Santa-Rosa, and L. Gomes; three specimens with undetermined sex ( MZUSP 104260–62 View Materials ; field number, respectively ITA 1–2 and ITA 5), collected 29 November 2011, in Reserva do Caju, Itaporanga D’Ajuda municipality, State of Sergipe (longitude: -37.1833, latitude: -11.1167; Datum: WGS-84), by I. Rosário, M. Santos, R. Vieira, R. Siqueira, R. Almeida, and V. Santa-Rosa; two specimens with undetermined sex ( MZUSP 104263–64 View Materials ; field number, respectively PIR 1–2 View Materials ), and one male ( MZUSP 104265 View Materials ; field number PIR 4 View Materials ) collected 28 November 2011, in Pirambu municipality, State of Sergipe (longitude: -36.8456, latitude: -10.6954; Datum: WGS-84), by I. Rosário, E. Dias, and R. Siqueira. Specimens previously deposited in Institutional collections include: MNRJ 22993–95 View Materials , and MZUSP 49383–87 View Materials , 65688–89 View Materials , 88101 View Materials , 92254 View Materials , 92256–58 View Materials ( Table S1 View TABLE S , Supporting information) .
Diagnosis: Glaucomastix itabaianensis sp. nov. is a moderate-sized (50.0 ± 13.1 mm; Table 4) bisexual species characterized by the combination of the following morphological characters: 13–16 scales in the lateral flank, 22–33 scales around tail, 28–35 femoral pores, usually four supraocular scales with the smaller one disposed posteriorly and a yellowish green tail. This new species includes all populations that cluster with those from the northern portion of the restinga habitats from Costa Azul locality, Jandaíra municipality, State of Bahia, to Pirambu municipality, State of Sergipe, with strong support in the Bayesian species delimitation models.
Glaucomastix itabaianensis sp. nov. differs from G. abaetensis by having a higher number (28–35; mean = 31.3 ± 2.2 SD) of femoral pores (22–30; mean = 25.5 ± 2.5 SD in G. abaetensis ), usually four (mean = 3.5 ± 0.6 SD) supraocular scales (usually 3, mean = 3.1 ± 0.4 SD in G. abaetensis ) with smaller one (fourth) disposed posteriorly to the three other supraocular scales ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 ), and 11–14 (12.7 ± 0.9 SD) scales in the lateral flank, while in G. abaetensis there are 17–20 (19.2 ± 1.0 SD; holotype, MNRJ 8616 = 17). Glaucomastix itabaianensis sp. nov. has a yellowish green tail (bluish green in G. abaetensis ; see “color in life”). Because the new species differs from most congeners by the same characters that have distinguished Glaucomastix abaetensis , we do not provide exhaustive comparisons with all those species ( Table 5 View TABLE 5 ).
Description of holotype: adult female (MZUSP 104255; Figure 5 View FIGURE 5 and 6 View FIGURE 6 ), snout–vent length 60.0 mm; head longer than wide, distinct from neck, 24.7% SVL; head width 57.0% and height 50.8% head length; head triangular in dorsal aspect; snout moderately pointed and elongate; ear opening large, semicircular, higher than wide.
Rostral scale large, as high as wide, separated from frontonasal by anterior nasals; nostril within anterior nasal plate, borders (posteriorly) suture between anterior and posterior nasal plates, lateroposteriorly disposed, almost contacting suture with first and second supralabial inferiorly; frontonasal entire; prefrontals roughly trapezoidal, in extensive contact; frontal approximately pentagonal, longer than wide and widest anteriorly, contacting first and second supraoculars; frontoparietals 2; parietals 5; a concentration of irregular scales, subequal in size, behind parietals, gradually reducing in size closer the neck; supraoculars 4–4, fourth supraoculars smaller than second, third and first (descending order of size), first and second supraoculars in contact with frontal scale, third and fourth only in contact with granules or supraocular; supraciliar 5 (right side), third largest and last smallest, first supraciliar in contact with first supraocular, while others are separated from supraoculars by granular scales; granules around su- Body elongate, axilla–groin distance 46.8% snout–vent length, scapular 14.0% and pelvic girdle 6.5% snoutvent length; lacking distinct ventrolateral folds. Scales on nape and neck granular, rounded, convex, and smooth, similar to dorsals and flank scales; 223 dorsal granules along a middorsal line from nape to base of tail, some few with central dots; 115 dorsal granules around midbody; ventrals scales clearly different from dorsals; ventrals large, smooth, and rectangular, longer than wide, in 8 longitudinal rows and 33 transverse rows; preanal plate moderate large, in contact with large (3 anterior and 2 posterior) and small scales (2 on left and 1 on right side), surrounded by small scales.
Limbs robust; forelimbs smaller than hindlimbs; forearm and upper arm 10.9% and 18.2% snout–vent length respectively, and forearm more robust than upper arm; hind limbs relatively thicker when compared to forelimbs; femur and tibia with similar length and thickness; femur and tibia 19.5% and 20.3% snout–vent length; snout–vent length. Scales on anteroventral surface of hindlimb moderately large, smooth, hexagonal to trapezoidal; 6 enlarged prefemoral scales at mid-thigh, perpendicular to the femur and between granules on the dorsal surface; anteroventral surface of tíbia showing large trapezoidal tibial scales; 29 transversal rows of enlarged scales along hindlimb (including scales on foot); 31 femoral pores (total number); large, hexagonal to rectangular antebrachial scales in 3 longitudinal rows; scales of medial row smaller than scales on lateral rows; 15 enlarged scales along forelimb (including scales on hand); five fingers on each hand, fourth finger alongated; five toes on each foot, fourth toe alongated; scales on dorsum of phalanges rectangular, single, wider than long; 17 subdigital lamellae under fourth finger (right side); 32 subdigital lamellae under fourth toe (right side); palmar scales round to oval; plantar scales round to oval, granular.
Scales on dorsal and lateral surfaces of tail rectangular, longer than wide and keeled; 28 scales around the tail counted after 15th transversal row from border of cloaca.
Measurements of holotype (in mm): snout–vent length 60.0; head length 14.9; head width 8.5; head height 7.6; axilla–groin distance 28.1; scapular girdle 8.4; pelvic girdle 3.9; forearm length 10.9; upper arm length 6.5; femur length 11.7; tibia length 12.2; fourth finger length 6.3; fourth toe length 16.1; tail base width 5.8.
Morphological variation: Variation in meristics and morphometric data are summarized in Tables 3 View TABLE 3 , 4 and 5 View TABLE 5 .
Coloration in preservative: description based on holotype (MZUSP 104255; Figure 5 View FIGURE 5 ). Specimens preservated in etanol 70% had its yellowish-green portions on thigh, tibia and tail fade to bluish gray or pale blue. Dorsal and ventral scale acquired distinguishable shades of gray, maintaining the pattern of stripes. Coloration in other portions remained similar to that in life.
Color in life: description based on paratype (MZUSP 104261; Fig. 4). Dorsal surface of the head gray to brown. Dorsal field of neck and body gray, changing to pale orange near tail. Pattern of stripes similar to that of Glaucomastix abaetensis . A vertebral stripe extending from tail to scapular region, where it is extinguished, with a yellowishgreen color (lighter than yellowish-green tail) near tail base and fading to pale gray towards tail and scapular region. Three stripes on each side. The upper (dorsolateral) is gray and extends from the tail base to scapular region. The other two stripes have a yellowish-green color near tail base, gradually changing to white. The second (upper and dorsolateral) stripe extending from tail base to supraciliar scales. The lower (third, lateral) one extending from groin to suborbital region. Ground color between dorsolateral and lateral stripes (i. e., lateral field) pale black. Ventral head surface, body, and tail predominantly white. Many specimens show gular and thoracic region in a brick red. Dorsal surface of front limbs gray. Dorsal surface of hind limbs gray with enlarged scales of thighs in yellowish-green. First half of dorsal surface of the tail in a yellowish-green.
Distribution and natural history: Glaucomastix itabaianensis sp. nov. is a relatively abundant lizard, endemic to restinga habitats between Rio Itapicuru, northern State of Bahia, and Rio São Francisco, northern State of Sergipe. The species is presently known from the municipalities of Jandaíra (Costa Azul), Itaporanga D’Ajuda, Barra dos Coqueiros, Santo Amaro das Brotas, Pirambu, and Parque Nacional da Serra de Itabaiana (PARNASI) in the Areia Branca municipality ( Figure 7 View FIGURE 7 ).
The type locality, Parque Nacional da Serra de Itabaiana, is situated in the “agreste” (dry forests) region of State of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. This national parkhas 79.66 km ² and include areas of Areia Branca, Laranjeiras, Itaporanga d´Ajuda, and Campo do Brito municipalities. The local climate is warm and humid, with autumn-winter rains (1200 mm to 1300 mm /year; Carvalho & Vilar 2005).
Glaucomastix itabaianensis sp. nov. is a strictly diurnal species, being active usually between 0800 h and 1600 h, foraging in exposed ground near to shrubs.
Etymology: the specific epithet, a noun in apposition, refers to the Serra de Itabaiana, themountain range that gave name to the Parque Nacional da Serra do Itabaiana, the type locality of the species. This is the only fully protected area along the entire range of the species, and, consequently, we expect to create additional appeal to stimulate the establishment of new protected areas in the region which in turn will contribute the new species protection.
TABLE 5. Meristic variation (mean ± standard deviation and range in parentheses) for five members of Glaucomastix. Count of dorsal granules (D); enlarged and granular scales on gular region (EGG), count of enlarged prefemoral scales (EPS), fourth finger lamellae (FFL), frontoparietals scales (FPS), total number of femoral pores (TFP), fourth toe lamellae (FTL), infralabials scales (IS), pairs of chin shields (PCS), preoculars scales (POS), parietal scales (PS), count of scales around tail (SAT), supraciliar scales (SC), supraocular granules (SG), scales in the lateral flank (SLF), supraocular scales (SO), supralabial scales (SS), suboculars scales (SUS), transverse rows of ventral scales (TV), longitudinal rows of ventral scales (LV). Data for G. cyanura, G. littoralis, G. venetecauda followed Arias et al. (2011a, b). Only specimens with all meristic characters available were included (note under the table).
| G. itabaianensis sp. nov. | G. abaetensis | G. cyanura | G. littoralis | G. venetecauda | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 22) | (n = 43) | (n = 43) | (n = 19) | (n = 13) | |
| D | 237.0 ± 15.3 (216–269) | 233.1 ± 13.2 (204–270) | 199.64 (185–215) | 174.9 (168–191) | 204.8 (190–218) |
| EGG | 83.7 ± 6.1 (72–96) | 84.2 ± 7.9 (57–97) | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| EPS | 6.2 ± 0.9 (5–9) | 6.0 ± 1.0 (5–9) | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| FFL | 18.7 ± 1.3 (16–22) | 19.2 ± 1.3 (16–22) | 15.8 (14–18) | 18.8 (16–24) | 17.3 (16–18) |
| FPS | 2.0 ± 0.0 (2–2) | 2.0 ± 0.2 (2–3) | Notreported | not reported | not reported |
| TFP | 31.3 ± 2.2 (28–35) | 25.5 ± 2.5 (16–30) | 34.5 (31–38) | 32.6 (28–36) | 38 (34–45) |
| FTL | 35.0 ± 1.9 (31–38) | 34.3 ± 2.0 (28–38) | 28.6 (26–31) | 32.8 (29–37) | 33 (30–35) |
| IS | 5.3 ± 0.6 (5–7) | 5.4 ± 0.5 (5–7) | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| PCS | 4.6 ± 0.5 (4–5) | 4.7 ± 0.5 (4–6) | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| POS | 2.0 ± 0.0 (2) | 2.0 ± 0.2 (2–3) | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| OS | 5.0 ± 0.2 (4–5) | 5.0 ± 0.4 (3–6) | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| SAT | 27.8 ± 2.8 (22–33) | 25.9 ± 3.1 (20–33) | 31.18 (26–35) | 28.7 (25–34) | 31.7 (31–34) |
| SC | 5.3 ± 0.6 (4–6) | 5.0 ± 0.6 (3–6) | 6.6 (6–7) | 6.2 (6–7) | 6.2 (6–7) |
| SG | 57.5 ± 9.3 (44–82) | 55.6 ± 12.9 (26–102) | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| SLF | 12.7 ± 0.9 (11–14) | 19.2 ± 1.0 (17–20) | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| SO | 3.5 ± 0.6 | 3.1 ± 0.4 (3–4) | 4 (4) | 4 (4) | 4 (4) |
| SS | 6.1 ± 0.7 (5–8) | 5.8 ± 0.5 (5–7) | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| SUS | 3.0 ± 0.0 (3–3) | 3.1 ± 0.3 (3–4) | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| TV | 32.2 ± 1.0 (31–33) | 32.2 ± 1.0 (31–36) | 30.38 (29–33) | 34.9 (32–38) | 31.2 (30–32) |
| LV | 8 ± 0.0 (8) | 8 ± 0.0 (8) | 8.25 (8–10) | 8.6 (8–10) | 10 (10) |
| MZUSP |
Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo |
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